Başarılı Yaşlanma Sürecinde Bazı Kuramsal Yaklaşımlar

Year 2023, Issue: 16, 235 - 255, 30.12.2023

Dilek Bal Koçak

https://doi.org/10.53112/tudear.1359721

Abstract

Bu çalışmada yaşlılığın kendisi ile getirdiği fiziksel, kronolojik ve ruhsal anlamda bireylerin yaşlanma süreci üzerine durulmuştur. Bu olgunlaşma sürecinde, yaşlılığın ruhsal anlamda mutlu, huzurlu ve başarılı bir dönemden oluşmasına katkı sağlamak için bilim insanları ortaya farklı teoriler atmışlardır. Batı dünyasında Gerontologlar psiko-sosyal modeller ve kuramlar üzerine çalışmalar yürüterek, yaşlı bireylerin mutluluğu, refahı ve sağlığı için, dolayısı ile başarılı yaşlanmanın sağlanması üzerine çalışmalar gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Başarılı yaşlanma üzerine kuramlara yer verilerek farklı teorilerden bakış açısı sağlamak hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada başarılı yaşlanma ile yakından alakalı görülen kuram çalışmaları şu şekildedir: Havighurst tarafından geliştirilen “Aktivite Kuramı; Cumming & Henry tarafından geliştirilen “Ayrılma-Kopma Kuramı”; Baltes ve Baltes tarafından geliştirilen “Seçme, Optimizasyon ve Ödünleme kuramı” ve Cartens tarafından geliştirilen “Sosyo- Duygusal Seçicilik kuramı”. Bu çalışma, Batı’da yaşlı bilim çerçevesinde geniş ilgi uyandıran teorileri sunarak, konuyu Türk bilim camiasına kazandırmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Din Psikolojisi, Başarılı Yaşlanmak, Aktivite kuramı, Ayrılma-kopma kuramı, Seçme Optimizasyon ve Ödünleme kuramı, Sosyo-duygusal seçicilik kuramı.

Some Theoretical Approaches in Successful Aging Process

Abstract

In this study, the focus is on the aging process in humans in the physical, chronological and psychological sense that aging brings with it. In this process of maturation, scholars have developed various theories to help shape a happy, peaceful, and prosperous age in a spiritual sense. In the Western world, gerontologists have conducted studies on psychosocial models and theories of older people's happiness, well-being, and health, and thus of successful aging. Provide theories by incorporating theories of successful aging. Theoretical studies closely linked to successful aging in the study are as follows: Activity Theory developed by Havighurst; "Disengagement Theory" developed by Cumming & Henry; "Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC)" developed by Baltes and Baltes and "Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST)" developed by Cartens. This study intends to bring the subject to the Turkish scientific community by introducing the theories that arouse wide interest within the framework of the science of the elderly in the West.

Keywords

Religious Psychology, Successful Aging, Activity Theory, Disengagement Theory, Selective Optimization With Compensation, Socioemotional Selectivity Theory.

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