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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>tujas</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Turkish Journal of African Studies</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">3062-1909</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Sakarya University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>African Political History</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Afrika Siyasi Tarihi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>A Historical Perspective on German Colonialism: The Establishment of German East Africa and Local Uprisings</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Alman Sömürgeciliğine Tarihsel Bir Bakış: Alman Doğu Afrikası’nın Kurulması ve Yerel İsyanlar</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3560-5822</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Varoğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Galip</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BİLECİK ŞEYH EDEBALİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260430">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>3</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>1</fpage>
                                        <lpage>12</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251012">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>12</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20251031">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>31</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2024, Turkish Journal of African Studies</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Turkish Journal of African Studies</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The colonial history of German East Africa (1885–1918) should be understood not merely as a story of political domination, but as a multilayered process situated at the intersection of religion, economy, and knowledge production. As a latecomer to imperial expansion, Germany entered colonialism relatively late. The colonial administrative system it established in East Africa rested on fragile negotiations between military power and local religious structures. This article analyzes the crises of German colonial governance through key turning points such as the Arab Revolt (1888–1890) and the Maji Maji Rebellion (1905–1907), while also exploring the historical presence of Islam in the region, the role of Sufi networks. Drawing on archival sources and a comparative historical approach, the study examines the relationship between the colonial “civilizing mission” and the politics of religious legitimacy. Ultimately, the case of German East Africa reveals a fundamental paradox of modern empires: domination can be achieved through violence, but lasting authority depends on negotiation with local social and religious structures.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Alman Doğu Afrikası’nın (1885–1918) sömürge tarihi politik bir egemenlik hikâyesi olarak değerlendirilmenin yanı sıra, din, ekonomi ve bilgi üretiminin birlikte ele alınması gereken çok katmanlı bir süreçtir. Almanya, geç bir imparatorluktur ve bu sebeple de sömürgeciliğe erken katılmamıştır. Doğu Afrika’da kurduğu, hem askeri güç hem de yerel dini yapılarla yürütülen hassas dengeler üzerine kurulmuş sömürgeci bir idari sistemdir. Bu makale, Arap İsyanı (1888–1890) ve Maji Maji Ayaklanması (1905–1907) gibi dönüm noktaları üzerinden Alman sömürgeci yönetiminin krizlerini değerlendirirken, bölgede İslam’ın tarihsel olarak sürdürdüğü varlığını ve burada da özellikle Sufi ağların rolünü tartışmaktadır. Arşiv belgeleri ve ilgili literatür ışığında hazırlanan çalışma, sömürgeciliğin medenileştirme misyonu ve dini meşruiyet politikaları arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Sonuç olarak, Alman Doğu Afrikası örneği ile modern imparatorlukların temel çelişkisi görünür olmaktadır. Bu çelişki, hakimiyetin şiddetle kazanılsa da kalıcı hâkimiyetin ancak yerel sosyal ve dini yapılarla müzakere edilerek sürdürülebilir olduğudur.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Alman Doğu Afrikası</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Alman Sömürgeciliği</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Sömürgeciliğe Karşı Tepkiler</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Sömürgecilik Tarihi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>German East Africa</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  German Colonialism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Colonialism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Reactions to Colonialism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  History of Colonialism</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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