Reporting What’s Going on at the Neighbors from a Distance: Turkish News Channels’ Breaking News Coverage of the 2018 Missile Strikes against Syria

Ayşen Akkor Gül

doi:10.17829/turcom.808545

Research Article

Reporting What’s Going on at the Neighbors from a Distance: Turkish News Channels’ Breaking News Coverage of the 2018 Missile Strikes against Syria

Year 2021, Issue: 37, 170 - 192, 30.06.2021

Ayşen Akkor Gül

https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.808545

Abstract

The research variables of this study are “Turkish journalists’ role preferences” and “Turkish television
channels’ use of sources” during the first eight hours of breaking news coverage of the 2018 missile
strikes against Syria. The researcher employs content analysis to answer mainly two questions: “Did
Turkish journalists perform roles other than “traditional disseminator?” and “Was their reporting
balanced insofar as conflicting perspectives were treated equitably?” The study identifies that Turkish
journalists preferred the “traditional journalist” role when reporting from Turkey but that of “social
commentator” when reporting from abroad. Deviations from traditional journalism consisted of
“reporting rumors,” “citing anonymous sources,” and “making personal references.” On the other hand,
there was a lack of diversity and balance in the use of sources. For instance, no broadcast journalists
reflected the opinions of Syrian refugees living in Turkey, and very few reported from anywhere near
the scene of the action. Thus coverage was inadequate insofar as reporters largely focused on one side’s
perspective.

Keywords

violations of journalism conventions, Turkish news channels, breaking news, sources, international news

References

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Lipschultz, J. H., & Hilt, M. L., (2012). Local television coverage of a mall shooting: separating facts from fiction in breaking news. Electronic News, 5(4), 197-214. https://doi.org/10.1177/1931243111432286
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Miller, A & Kurpius, D. (2010). A citizen- eye view of television news source credibility. American Behavioral Scientist, 54(2), 137-156 https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764210376315
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Reynolds, A., & Barnett, B. (2003a). This just in: How national TV news handled the breaking “live” coverage of September 11. Journal of Mass Communication Quarterly, 80(3), 689-703. https://doi. org/10.1177/107769900308000312
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Komşuda Olup Bitene Uzaktan Bakmak: Türkiye’deki Haber Kanallarının 2018 Suriye Bombardımanında Sergiledikleri Son Dakika Haberciliği

Year 2021, Issue: 37, 170 - 192, 30.06.2021

Ayşen Akkor Gül

https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.808545

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 2018 Suriye Bombardımanı çerçevesinde Türk haber kanallarının ilk sekiz saatte
sergiledikleri son dakika haberciliğini, tercih edilen “gazetecilik rolleri” ve kanalların “kaynak kullanımı”
açısından irdelemektedir. İçerik analizi yaklaşımının kullanıldığı çalışmada araştırmacı başlıca şu iki sorunun yanıtlarını aramaktadır: “Yayıncılar ‘haberi veren/dağıtan geleneksel gazeteci’ rolünün dışına
çıkmışlar mıdır?” ve “Karşıt görüşlerin eşit bir biçimde yer aldığı dengeli bir yayın politikası gözetilmiş
midir?” Araştırmada Türkiye’den yayın yapan gazetecilerin “geleneksel gazeteci” rolünü tercih ettikleri;
ancak yurtdışından yayına bağlanan Türk gazetecilerin ise daha çok “toplumsal yorumcu” rolünü
üstlendikleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yayın esnasında “söylenti haber,” “kaynağı belli olmayan haber
kullanımı” ve “kişisel imalarda bulunmak” gibi gazetecilik normlarından sapmalar kaydedilmiştir.
Öte yandan kaynak kullanımında denge ve çeşitliliğin gözetilmediği saptanmıştır. Örneğin olayın
geçtiği yerden yok denecek kadar az yayın yapılmış; Türkiye’de yaşayan Suriyeli mültecilere ise hiç
başvurulmamıştır. Yayıncıların olayı tek taraflı bir biçimde sunarak doyurucu bir yayın yapmaktan
uzak kaldıkları gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

ulusal haber kanalları, son dakika haberleri, kaynak kullanımı, gazetecilik normlarından sapmalar, uluslararası haber

References

Bannister, M. (2005). Suddenly my hands were shaking. British Journalism Review, 16(3), 7-11. https://doi. org/10.1177/0956474805059180
Berkowitz, D. (2005). Suicide bombers as women warriors: Making news through mythical archetypes. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(3), 607-622. https://doi. org/10.1177/107769900508200308
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Bulunmaz, B. (2011). Holdingleşme ekseninde Türk medyasında tekelleşme sorunu. Öneri Dergisi, 9(36), 237-246. https://doi.org/10.14783/od.v9i36.1012000280
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Coleman, R., & Wu, H. D. (2010). Proposing emotion as a dimension of affective agenda setting: separating affect into two components and comparing their second-level effects. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 87, 315-327. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769901008700206
Çaplı, B. & Tuncel, H. (2010). Televizyon haberciliğinde etik. Ankara: Fersaa Matbacılık.
Çaplı, B. & Taş, O. (2018). Medya etiği eğitiminde karşılaşılan sorunlar: Türkiye’deki ders izlenceleri üzerinden bir değerlendirme. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 55(1), 61-76. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2018-0014
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Gans, H.J. (1980). Deciding what’s news: A study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek and Time. New York: Vintage Books.
Grabe, M. E., Zhou, S., & Barnett, B. (1999). Sourcing and reporting in news magazine programs: 60 minutes versus hard copy. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76(2), 293-311. https://doi. org/10.1177/107769909907600208
Gül, A. A. (2011). Monopolization of media ownership as a challenge to the Turkish television broadcasting system and the European Union. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 10(2), 27-46.
Herskovitz, J., (2013).How the JFK assassination transformed media coverage: The idea of broadcasting live breaking news was born. Retrieved from https: //www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-jfk-media/howthe- jfk-assassination-transformed-media-coverage-idUSBRE9AK11N20131121
Kleemans, M., Schaaps, G. & Hermans,L. (2015). Citizen sources in the news: Above and beyond the vox pop? Journalism, 18(4), 464-481. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884915620206
LaPoe, B. V., & Reynolds, A. (2013). From breaking news to the traditional news cycle: A qualitative analysis of how journalists craft resonance through storytelling. Electronic News, 7(1), 3-21. https://doi. org/10.1177/1931243113484311
Lewis, J. & Cushion, S. (2009). The thirst to be first. Journalism Practice, 3(3), 304-318. https://doi. org/10.1080/17512780902798737
Lipschultz, J. H., & Hilt, M. L., (2012). Local television coverage of a mall shooting: separating facts from fiction in breaking news. Electronic News, 5(4), 197-214. https://doi.org/10.1177/1931243111432286
Lorenzo-Dus, N. & Bryan, A. (2011). Recontextualizing participatory journalists’ mobile media in British television news: A case study of live coverage and commemorations of the 2005 London bombings. Discourse and Communication, 5(1), 23-40. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481310390164
Lysak, S., Cremedas, M., & Wolf, J. (2012). Facebook and Twitter in the newsroom: How and why local television news is getting social with viewers? Electronic News, 6(4), 187-207. https://doi. org/10.1177/1931243112466095
Miller, A. (2006). Watching viewers watch TV: Processing live, breaking, and emotional news in naturalistic setting. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 83(3), 511-529. https://doi. org/10.1177/107769900608300303
Miller, A & Kurpius, D. (2010). A citizen- eye view of television news source credibility. American Behavioral Scientist, 54(2), 137-156 https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764210376315
Murrell, C. (2017). The global television news agencies and their handling of user generated content video from Syria. Media, War and Conflict, 11(3), 289-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635217704224
Niekamp, R. (2010). Sharing Ike: Citizen media cover a breaking story. Electronic News, 4(2), 83-96 https:// doi.org/101177/1931243110365470
Pew Research Center. (2018, July 20). Americans still prefer watching to reading the news and mostly still through television. Retrieved from https://www.journalism.org/2018/12/03/americans-still-preferwatching- to-reading-the-news-and-mostly-still-through-television/
Radio Television Supreme Council (2018). Televizyon izleme eğilimleri araştırması: 2018. Retrieved July 19, 2019, from https://www.rtuk.gov.tr/rtuk-kamuoyu-arastirmalari/3890/5776/televizyon_izleme_ egilimleri_arastirmasi_2018.html
Reynolds, A., & Barnett, B. (2003a). This just in: How national TV news handled the breaking “live” coverage of September 11. Journal of Mass Communication Quarterly, 80(3), 689-703. https://doi. org/10.1177/107769900308000312
Reynolds, A., & Barnett, B. (2003b). America under attack: CNN’s verbal and visual framing of September 11. In S. Chernak, F.Y. Bailey & M. Brown (Eds.), Media representations of September 11 (pp.85- 101). Ewstport, CN: Praeger.
Schramm, W. (1965). Communication in crisis. In Bradley S. G. & E. B. Parker (Eds.), The Kennedy assassination and the American public: Social communication in crisis (pp.1-28). Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.
Sigal, L. V. (1986). Who? Sources make the news. In R.K. Manoff & M. Schudson (Eds.), Reading the news (pp.9-37). New York: Pantheon Books.
Shoemaker, P.J (1996). Hardwired for news: Using biological and cultural evolution to explain the surveillance function. Journal of Communication, 46(3), 32-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1996. tb01487.x
Shoemaker, P. J. & Reese, D. S., (1996). Mediating the message: Theories of influences on mass media content. Longman: USA.
Stevenson, C. (2018).France’s President Emmanuel Macron says he has ‘convinced’ Donald Trump to keep troops in Syria. Independent. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ syria-bombing-chemical-weapons-trump-macron-troops-stay-convince-a8306261.html
Syria air strikes: UK confident strikes were successful, says PM. (2018, April 14). Retrieved from https:// www.bbc.com/news/uk-43763605
Syria: Donald Trump’s ‘World War III’ attack on Hillary Clinton is coming back to haunt him. (2018, April 12). Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-12/trump-syria-response-embroilsrussia- iran-israel/9642154
Tandoc Jr, E. C. & Johnson, E. (2016). Most students get breaking news first from Twitter. Newspaper Research Journal, 37(2), 153-166.
Temiztürk, H. (2012). Türk medyasında olağandışının heberleştirilmesine etik bağlamda eleştirel bir yaklaşım. Atatürk İletişim Dergisi, (3), 39-54.
Tiffen, R., Jones, P. K., Rowe, D., Aalberg, T., Coen, S., Curran, J., Hayashi, K., Iyengar, S., Mazzoleni, G., Papathanassopoulos, S., Rojas, H. & Soroka, S. (2014). Sources in the News: A comparative study. Journalism Studies, 15(4), 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2013.831239
The Turkey’s Erdogan welcomes Western attack on Syria, says operation a message to Assad. (2018, April 14). Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-turkeyidUSKBN1HL0W9
Türkiye’de kaç Suriyeli yaşıyor? Kaçı Türk vatandaşı oldu? İşte yanıtı. (2018, July 12). Retrieved from https:// www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/turkiyede-suriyeli-yasiyor-kaci-turk-vatandasi-oldu-iste-yaniti
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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Ayşen Akkor Gül 0000-0003-0847-6882
Publication Date	June 30, 2021
Submission Date	October 9, 2020
Published in Issue	Year 2021 Issue: 37

Cite

APA	Akkor Gül, A. (2021). Reporting What’s Going on at the Neighbors from a Distance: Turkish News Channels’ Breaking News Coverage of the 2018 Missile Strikes against Syria. Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi(37), 170-192. https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.808545

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