Köpeklerde Vektör Aracılı Hastalıklarda Kardiyak Etkilenim: Narratif Derleme

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 25 - 32, 25.12.2025

Tuğba Varlık , Didem Algan , Zeki Yılmaz

https://izlik.org/JA88UY37YP

Abstract

Vektör aracılı hastalıklar (VAH), dünya genelinde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de köpeklerde önemli morbidite ve mortaliteye yol açan enfeksiyonlar arasında yer almaktadır. Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi ve Leishmania infantum gibi patojenler yalnızca sistemik hastalık oluşturmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda kardiyovasküler sistemi doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak etkileyerek ciddi miyokardiyal, vasküler ve ritim bozukluklarına neden olabilir. Ko-enfeksiyonların sık görüldüğü endemik bölgelerde inflamatuvar yükün artması, kardiyak fonksiyonların daha hızlı bozulmasına yol açabilmekte; buna rağmen klinik değerlendirmelerde çoğunlukla ejeksiyon fraksiyonu ve fraksiyonel kısalma gibi klasik parametreler kullanılmaktadır. Son yıllarda iki boyutlu benek takibi ekokardiyografi (2D STE) gibi gelişmiş görüntüleme yöntemleri, subklinik miyokardiyal hasarın erken tespitinde önemli bir araç haline gelmiştir. Bu derlemede köpeklerde yaygın görülen başlıca VAH etkenlerinin kardiyak ve kardiyopulmoner sistem üzerine etkileri, patogenez, klinik bulgular, tanısal yöntemler ve güncel tedavi yaklaşımları literatür ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca çevresel ve iklimsel değişikliklere bağlı olarak vektör dağılımının genişlemesi ve bunun kardiyak etkilenim riskini artırması tartışılmıştır. VAH’ların kardiyak tutulumunun erken, duyarlı ve çok yönlü yöntemlerle incelenmesinin de tanı, tedavi ve prognozun doğru yönetimi açısından kritik öneme sahip olduğu klinik çalışmalarda akılda tutulmalıdır.

Keywords

Vektör aracılı hastalıklar , kardiyak etkilenim , ekokardiyografi , miyokarditis , köpek

Ethical Statement

Gerekli değildir

Supporting Institution

Yoktur

Thanks

Yoktur

Cardiac Involvement in Canine Vector-Borne Diseases: A Narrative Review

https://izlik.org/JA88UY37YP

Abstract

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) remain a major health concern in dogs worldwide and constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. Pathogens such as Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Leishmania infantum can induce both direct and immune-mediated cardiovascular injury, resulting in myocardial inflammation, conduction abnormalities, arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure. Although many infected dogs appear clinically normal or present with nonspecific signs, subclinical cardiac damage may still occur, particularly in cases involving chronic infection or co-infection with multiple vector-borne pathogens. Conventional echocardiographic indices, including ejection fraction and fractional shortening, often fail to detect early myocardial impairment; therefore, advanced imaging modalities, especially two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D STE), have gained increasing attention for their ability to reveal subtle systolic and diastolic dysfunction. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies related to cardiac involvement in major canine VBDs. The influence of ecological and climatic shifts on vector distribution and their potential to increase future cardiac disease burden are also discussed. It should be kept in mind in clinical trials that early, sensitive, and multifaceted investigation of cardiac involvement in VBDs is also critical for accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis management.

Keywords

Vector-borne diseases , cardiac involvement , echocardiography , myocarditis; , dogs

Ethical Statement

NA

Supporting Institution

NA

Thanks

NA

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