<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2148-2306</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2528-858X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Siirt University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19159/tutad.300711</article-id>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Tuz Etkisi Altındaki Domates Bitkisinde Potasyum ve Kalsiyum Antioksidatif Sistemi Etkiler mi?</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Does Potassium and Calcium Affect the Antioxidative System of Tomato Plant Under Salt Effect?</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Tuna</surname>
                                    <given-names>Atilla Levent</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yıldıztekin</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mahmut</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, KÖYCEĞİZ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, BİTKİSEL VE HAYVANSAL ÜRETİM BÖLÜMÜ, TIBBİ VE AROMATİK BİTKİLER PR.</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Köşkeroğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sultan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yokaş</surname>
                                    <given-names>İbrahim</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ORTACA MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, BİTKİSEL VE HAYVANSAL ÜRETİM BÖLÜMÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20170228">
                    <day>02</day>
                    <month>28</month>
                    <year>2017</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>4</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>71</fpage>
                                        <lpage>78</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20161022">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>22</month>
                        <year>2016</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20161204">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <year>2016</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014, Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Sera koşullarında yürütülen bu çalışmada, tuz stresi altındaki domates bitkisinde (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)antioksidatif sistem, prolin, relatif su kapsamı (RSK, %), membran geçirgenliği (MG, %) ve kuru madde (KM, %) üzerinepotasyum (K) ve kalsiyum (Ca) bileşiklerinin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Tuz; NaCl formunda 3 ayrı konsantrasyonda (50, 100ve 150 mM), K ve Ca ise 20 mM konsantrasyonlarında uygulanmıştır. Domates bitkisine tuz ile ilave olarak verilenpotasyum ve kalsiyumlu bileşikler antioksidatif sistemi regüle etmiş, tuzun arttırdığı lipit peroksidasyonu düşürmüş ve tuzunolumsuz etkilerini azaltarak RSK, MG ve KM üzerinde iyileştirici etkiler yapmıştır. Tuz stresi altında yetiştirilen domatesbitkisine uygulanan Ca ve K’lu bileşiklerin, stres etkilerini hafifleterek bitkinin gelişimini destekleyebileceği yargısınavarılmıştır.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>In this study which was conducted under greenhouse conditions, the impacts of calcium and potassiumcompounds on the % DM (dry matter) and % EC (electrical conductivity), % RWC (relative water content), and proline,antioxidative system in tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under salt stress were investigated. Three differentconcentrations of salt (50, 100 and 150 mM as NaCl) and potassium and calcium (20 mM as KNO3 and CaNO3) wereapplied. The compounds of Ca and K which were given in tomato plants in addition to salt, were regulated to antioxidativesystem, decreased lipid peroxidation increasing with salt and ameliorated RWC%, EC% and DM% by reducing thedetrimental effects of salt. Based on these results, it was concluded that Ca and K compounds applied to tomato plant grownunder salt stress, supported plant growth and mitigated stress effects.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Domates</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  tuzluluk</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  potasyum</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  kalsiyum</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  antioksidatif sistem</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Tomato</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  salinity</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  potassium</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  calcium</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  antioxidative system</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Amacher, J.K., Koenig, R., Kitchen, B., 2000. Salinity and Plant Tolerance. Utah State University, Cooperative Extension, AG-SO-03.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Amjad, M.,  Akhtar, J., Anwar-ul-Haq, M., Riaz, M.A., Saqib, Z.A., Murtaza, B., Naeem, M.A., 2016. Effectiveness of potassium in mitigating the salt-induced oxidative stress in contrasting tomato genotypes. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2016.1201107.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ashraf, M., Zafar, Z.U., Cheema, Z.A., 1994. Effect of low potassium regimes on some salt and drought-tolerant lines of pearl millet. Phyton, 34(2): 219-227.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aydemir, T., Erez, Z., 2010. NaCl stresine karşı Lens culinars’in biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik cevabı. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2): 89-104.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Babu, M.A., Singh, D., Gothandam, K.M., 2012. The effect of salinity on growth, hormones and mineral elements in leaf and fruit of tomato cultivar PKM1. The Journal of Animal &amp; Plant Sciences, 22(1): 159-164.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Barrs, H.D., Weatherley, P.E., 1962. A re-examination of the relative turgidity technique for  estimating water deficits in leaves. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(3): 413-428.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P., Teare, I.D., 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stres studies. Plant and Soil, 39(1): 205-207.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Beauchamp, C., Fridovich, I., 1971. Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal Biochem, 44(1): 276-287.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bergmeyer, H.U., 1970. Methoden der enzymatischen analyse. Akademie Verlag, 1: 636-647.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chance, B., Maehly, A.C., 1955. Assay of catalase and peroxidases. Methods Enzymologia, 2: 764-775.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Doğan, M., 2012. Azot uygulamasının tuz stresi ve antioksidan enzim aktivitesine etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(3): 297-306.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Eraslan, F., Arıcı, Ş.E., Erdal, İ., Küçükyumuk,  Z., 2016. Kiraz Anaçlarının in vitro koşullarda tuz stresine tolerans mekanizmalarının fizyolojik parametreler ve antioksidan enzim izoformları ile belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 22: 117-128.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ghoulam, C., Foursy, A., Fores, K., 2002. Effects of salt stress on growth, inorganic ions and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in five sugar beet cultivars. Enviromental and Experimental Botany, 47(1): 39-50.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gökdoğan, E.Y., Bürün, B., 2015. Ekolojik bir problem olarak toprak tuzluluğu ve bitkilerdeki etkileri. Anadolu Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2): 70-76.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Güneş, A., İnal, A., Bağcı, E.G., Pilbeam, D., 2007. Silicon-mediated changes of some physiological and enzymatic parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress in spinach and tomato grown in sodic-B toxic soil. Plant and Soil, 290(1): 103-114.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Güneş, A., Post, W.H.K., Kirkby, E.A., Aktaş, M., 1994. Influence of partial replacement on nitrate by amino acid nitrogen or urea in the nutrient medium on nitrate accumulation in NFT grown winter lettuce. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 17(11): 1929-1938.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hare, P.D., Cress, W.A., 1997. Metabolic implication of stress-induced proline accumulation in plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 21(2): 79-102.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">İnal, A., Güneş, A., Aktaş, M., 1995. Effects of chloride and partial substitution of reduced forms of nitrogen for nitrate in nutrient solution of the nitrate, total nitrogen and chlorine contents of onion. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 18: 2219- 2227.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jan, A.U., Hadi, F., 2015. Potassium, zinc and gibberellic acid foliar application enhanced salinity stress tolerance, proline and total phenolic in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 15(9): 1835-1844.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kacar, B., 2005. Potasyumun bitkilerde işlevleri ve kalite üzerine etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi’nin 50. Kuruluş Yılı Etkinlikleri, Çalıştay, 3-4 Ekim, Eskişehir, s: 20-31.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karanlık, S., 2001. Değişik buğday genotiplerinde tuz stresine dayanıklılık ve dayanıklılığın fizyolojik nedenlerinin araştırılması. Doktora tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaya, C., Higgs, D., Kirnak, H., 2001. The effects of high salinity and supplementary phosphorus and potassium on physiology and nutrition development of spinach. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology, 27(3-4): 47-59.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaya, C., Tuna, A.L., 2005. Tarımda potasyumun yeri ve önemi. Ege Üniversitesi’nin 50. Kuruluş Yılı Etkinlikleri, Çalıştay, 3-4 Ekim, Eskişehir, s: 164-173.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaya, C., Kirnak, H., Higgs, D., Saltali, K., 2002. Supplementary calcium enhances plant growth and fruit yield in strawberry cultivars grown at high (NaCl) salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 93(1): 65-74.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaya, C., Higgs, D., 2002. Calcium nitrate as a remedy for salt-stressed cucumber plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25(4): 861-871.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaya, C., Higgs, D., 2003. Supplementary KNO3 improves salt tolerance in bell pepper plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 26(7): 1367-1382.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Koyuncu, N., 2012. Bazı makarnalık buğday (T. durum) çeşitlerinin in vitro koşullarda yüksek tuz dozlarına tepkileri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2): 70-74.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lauchli, A., Grattan, S.R., 2007. Plant growth and development under salinity stress.  In: M.A. Jenks, et al., (Eds), Advances in molecular breeding toward drought and salt tolerant crops, pp.1-32.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Litifi, A., Beek, J.G., Van-de-Beek, J.G., 1992. Capsicum-Newsletter. Special Issue, 51-56, Eucarpia VIII th. Meeting on Genetics and Breeding on Capsicum and Egg Plant, Rome, Italy, 7-10 September, 6 ref.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Loreto, F., Velikova, V., 2001. Isoprene produced by leaves protects the photosynthetic apparatus against ozone damage, quenches ozone products, and reduces lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes. Plant Physiology, 127(4): 1781-1787.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lutts, S., Kinet, J.M., Bouharmont, J., 1996. NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Annals of Botany, 78(3): 389-398.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nedjimi, B., Daoud, Y., 2009. Effects of calcium chloride on growth, membrane permeability and root hydraulic conductivity in two Atriplex species grown at high (Sodium Chloride) salinity. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 32(11): 1818-1830.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özcan, H., Turan, M.A., Koç, Ö., Çıkılı, Y., Taban, S., 2000. Tuz stresinde bazı nohut (Cicer aietinum L.) çeşitlerinin gelişimi ve prolin, sodyum, klor, fosfor ve potasyum konsantrasyonlarındaki değişimler. Turkish Journal Agriculture and Forestry, 24: 649-654.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rao, K.V.M., Sresty, T.V.S., 2000. Antioxidative parameters in the seedlings of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) in response to Zn and Ni stresses. Plant Science, 157(1): 113-128.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shannon, M.C., 1997. Adaptation of plants to salinity. Advances in Agronomy, 60: 75-120.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sherif, M.A., El-Beshbeshy, T.R., Richter, C., 1998. Response of some Egyptian varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to salt stress through potassium application. Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture University of Cairo, 49: 129-151.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Suhayda, C.G., Redmann, R.E., Harvey, B.L., Cipywnyk, A.L., 1990. Comparative response of cultivated and wild barley species to salinity stress and calcium supply. Crop Science Society of America, 32(1): 154-163.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wang, X.S., Han, J.G., 2009. Changes of proline content, activity, and active isoforms of antioxidative enzymes in two alfalfa cultivars under salt stress. Agricultural Sciences in China, 8(4): 431-440.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yakıt, S., Tuna, A.L., 2006. Tuz stresi altındaki mısır bitkisinde (Zea mays L.) stres parametreleri üzerine Ca, Mg ve K’nın etkileri. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1): 59-67.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yaşar, F., Kuşvuran, S., Ellialtıoğlu, S., 2006. Determination of antioxidant activities in some melon (Cucumis melo L.) varieties and cultivars under salt stress. Journal of Horticultural Sciences and Biotechnology, 81(4): 627-630.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yaşar, F., Ellialtıoğlu, Ş., Özpay, T., Uza, Ö., 2008. Tuz  stresinin karpuzda (Citrullus lanatus) antioksidatif enzim aktivitesi üzerine etkisi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(1): 61-65.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yıldız, M., Terzi, H., Cenkçi, S., Terzi, E.S.A., Uruşak, B., 2010. Bitkilerde tuzluluğa toleransın fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal markörleri. Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri ve Biyoteknoloji, 1(1): 1-33.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yılmaz, E., Tuna, A.L., Bürün, B., 2011. Bitkilerin tuz stresi etkilerine karşı geliştirdikleri tolerans stratejileri. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1): 47-66.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhu, Z., Wei, G., Li, J., Qian, Q., Yu, J., 2004. Silicon alleviates salt stress and increases antioxidant enzymes activity in leaves of salt-stressed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plant Science, 167(3): 527-533.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
