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THE CONCEPT OF FUROR IN CRISTOFORO LANDINO'S ELEGIES: THE ROLE OF LOVE, MADNESS AND POETIC INSPIRATION FROM CLASSICAL LATIN POETRY TO THE RENAISSANCE

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 650 - 666, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1659069

Abstract

The concept of “furor”, encompassing meanings such as rage, madness, and frenzy, is a multifaceted term in Latin love poetry, often depicted as a destructive force driving lovers to irrationality and madness. In the work of Cristoforo Landino, a prominent figure of Florentine humanism, this concept is explored in his Xandra, a collection of Latin love elegies inspired by ancient Roman poetry. Landino employs “furor” in various dimensions: “furor amatorius” (the frenzy of passionate love), “furor poeticus” (the divine inspiration of poetic creation), and “furor belli” (the frenzy of war). “Furor amatorius” manifests as Landino’s unrequited love for Xandra, an intense passion that leads the poet into servitude and suffering. Conversely, “furor poeticus”, influenced notably by Platonic notions of divine inspiration, elevates poetic creativity as a sacred gift. Cristoforo Landino combines the ancient tradition’s concept of “furor” with the individualistic and moral perspective of the Renaissance. The aim of this article is to explore the origins of the “furor” concept in Classical Latin poetry and then examine how Cristoforo Landino employs and reinterprets this concept in his work Xandra within the framework of Renaissance humanism.

References

  • Alessi, P. T. (1974). A Study Of Furor In Republican And Augustan Literature. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. University of Missouri.
  • Burckhardt, J. (2022). İtalya’da Rönesans Kültürü. Panama Yayıncılık.
  • Chatfield, M. P. (2008). Cristoforo Landino: Poems. Harvard University Press.
  • Chrysostomou, T. (2016). Ablehnung von Gewinnstreben und Kriegsdienst: Die Programmatische Funktion des Lebenswahlmotivs bei Cristoforo Landino am Beispiel von Xandra 2, 3. In T. Baier, W. Kofler, E. Lefèvre & S. Tilg (Eds.), Cristoforo Landinos Xandra un die Transformationem römischer Liebesdichtung im Florenz des Quattrocento (p.171-187). Narr Francke Attempto.
  • Cic. Cat. (Cicero, In Catilinam) = Cicero. (1976). In Catilinam 1-4. Pro Murena. Pro Sulla. Pro Flacco. (Translated by C. Macdonald). Loeb Classical Library 324.
  • Cic. Verr. (Cicero, In Verrem) = Cicero. (1928). The Verrine Orations, Volume I: Against Caecilius. Against Verres, Part 1; Part 2, Books 1-2. (L. H. G. Greenwood, Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 221.
  • Copley, F. O. (1956). Exclusus Amator: A Study in Latin Love Poetry. American Philological Association.
  • Farron, S. (1977). The “Furor” And “Violentia” Of Aeneas. Acta Classica, 20, 204-208.
  • Field, A. M. (2014). The Origins Of Platonic Academy of Florance. Princeton Legacy Library.
  • Hanegraaff, W. J. (2010). The Platonic Frenzies In Marsilio Ficino: Myths, Martyrs, and Modernity, Studies in the History of Religions in Honour of Jan N. Bremmer. Brill.
  • Hor. Carm. (Horatius, Carmina) = Horace. (2004). Odes and Epodes. (N. Rudd, Ed. & Trans.). Loeb Classical Library.
  • Hor. Epod. (Horatius, Epodi) = Horace. (2004). Odes and Epodes. (N. Rudd, Ed. & Trans.). Loeb Classical Library.
  • Hor. Sat. (Horatius, Saturae) = Horace. (1926). Satires. Epistles. The Art of Poetry. (H. R. Fairclough, Trans.). Loeb Classical Library.
  • Houghton, L. B. T. (2013). Renaissance Latin Love Elegy. In T. S. Thorsen (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Latin Love Elegy (p.290-306). Cambridge.
  • James, S. L. (2003). Learned Girls and Male Persuasion: Gender and Reading in Roman Love Elegy. University of California Press.
  • McNair, B. (2019). Cristoforo Landino, His Works and Thought. Brill Medieval and Renaissance Authors and Texts.
  • Miller, P. A. (2007). Tibullus. In B. K. Gold (Ed.), A Companion to Roman Love Elegy (p.53-70). Wiley Balckwell.
  • Murgatroyd, P. (1997). Landino Xandra 2.20: A Renaissance Paraclausithyron. Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance, 59 (1), 105-109.
  • Nauert C.G. (2006). Avrupa’da Hümanizma ve Rönesans Kültürü. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Nortwick, T. V. (1980). Aeneas, Turnus, and Achilles. Transactions of the American Philological Association, 110, 303-314.
  • Ov. Am. (Ovidius, Amores) = Ovid. (1914). Heroides. Amores. (G. Showerman, Trans.). Loeb Classical Library.
  • Ov. Ars. (Ovidius, Ars Amatoria) = Ovid. (1929). Art of Love. Cosmetics. Remedies for Love. Ibis. Walnut-tree. Sea Fishing. Consolation. (Translated by J. H. Mozley). Loeb Classical Library.
  • Öncel, S. (1997). İtalyan Edebiyatı Tarihi, Başlangıç Döneminden Aydınlanma Çağına Kadar. İtalyan Kültür Heyeti.
  • Öztürk, R. & Yakut, A. (2023). Romalı Duygusal Bı̇r Aşk Elegeia’sı Puella’sı Olarak Homeros’un Tutsak Kadın Kahramanı Briseis. Archivum Anatolicum, 17 (2), 371-392. DOI: 10.46931/aran.1392493
  • Plato (1925). Statesman. Philebus. Ion. (H. Fowler & W. R. M. Lamb, Trans.). Loeb Classical Library.
  • Plato (2022). Lysis. Symposium. Phaedrus. (C. E. Jones & W. Preddy, Ed. & Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 166.
  • Prop (Propertius) = Propertius.(1990). Elegies. ( G. P. Goold, Ed. & Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 18.
  • The Virgil Encyclopedia (2014). (Ed. R. F. Thomas & Jan M. Ziolkowski). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Thomson, B. A. (2020). The Virtue Politics Of Cristoforo Landino’s Disputationes Camaldulenses. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. University of London.
  • Tib. (Tibullus) = Catullus, Tibullus. (1913). Catullus. Tibullus. Pervigilium Veneris. (F. W. Cornish, J. P. Postgate & J. W. Mackail, Trans. ). Loeb Classical Library 6.
  • Verg. Aen. (Vergilius, Aeneid) = Virgil. (1916). Eclogues. Georgics. Aeneid: Books 1-6.(H. R. Fairclough, Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 63.
  • Verg. Aen. (Virgil. Aeneid) : Virgil. (1918). Aeneid Books 7-12. Appendix Vergiliana.( H. R. Fairclough, Trans. ). Loeb Classical Library 64.
  • Watson, P. (2005). Fikirler Tarihi, Ateşten Freud’a. Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • White, P. (2023). Early Modern Latin Love Elegy. Brill.
  • Wyke, M. (2002). The Roman Mistress: Ancient and Modern Representations. Oxford University Press.

CRISTOFORO LANDINO'NUN ELEGEIALARINDA FUROR KAVRAMI: KLASİK LATİN ŞİİRİNDEN RÖNESANSA AŞKIN, ÇILGINLIĞIN VE ŞİİRSEL ESİNİN ROLÜ

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 650 - 666, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1659069

Abstract

“Furor” öfke, delilik, çılgınlık gibi farklı anlamlara sahip bir kavramdır. Latin aşk şiirlerinde genellikle aşkın âşıkları çıldırttığı ve mantıksızlığa ittiği yıkıcı bir durum olarak ele alınır. 15. yüzyılda İtalya’da Floransa hümanizmasının önde gelen temsilcilerinden biri olan Cristoforo Landino’nun Latin aşk şiirlerine öykünerek yazdığı Xandra adlı yapıtında ise bu kavram çılgınlık, aşkın yoğun tutkusu (“furor amatorius”), şiirsel esin (“furor poeticus”) ve savaş çılgınlığı (“furor belli”) bağlamında kullanılır. “Furor amatorius”, Cristoforo Landino’nun karşılıksız aşkı olan Xandra’ya duyduğu yoğun tutkudur, bu tutku ozanı esarete ve acıya sürükler. “Furor poeticus” ise Landino’nun özellikle Platon’un tanrısal esin anlayışının etkisiyle şekillenen bir esinlenme anlayışıdır. Cristoforo Landino antik geleneğin “furor” anlayışını Rönesans’ın bireyci ve ahlâki perspektifiyle birleştirir. Bu makalenin amacı “furor” kavramının Klasik Latin şiirindeki kökenlerine değinmek daha sonra Cristoforo Landino’nun aynı kavramı Xandra adlı yapıtında nasıl kullandığını ve Rönesans hümanizması çerçevesinde nasıl yeniden yorumladığını incelemektir.

References

  • Alessi, P. T. (1974). A Study Of Furor In Republican And Augustan Literature. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. University of Missouri.
  • Burckhardt, J. (2022). İtalya’da Rönesans Kültürü. Panama Yayıncılık.
  • Chatfield, M. P. (2008). Cristoforo Landino: Poems. Harvard University Press.
  • Chrysostomou, T. (2016). Ablehnung von Gewinnstreben und Kriegsdienst: Die Programmatische Funktion des Lebenswahlmotivs bei Cristoforo Landino am Beispiel von Xandra 2, 3. In T. Baier, W. Kofler, E. Lefèvre & S. Tilg (Eds.), Cristoforo Landinos Xandra un die Transformationem römischer Liebesdichtung im Florenz des Quattrocento (p.171-187). Narr Francke Attempto.
  • Cic. Cat. (Cicero, In Catilinam) = Cicero. (1976). In Catilinam 1-4. Pro Murena. Pro Sulla. Pro Flacco. (Translated by C. Macdonald). Loeb Classical Library 324.
  • Cic. Verr. (Cicero, In Verrem) = Cicero. (1928). The Verrine Orations, Volume I: Against Caecilius. Against Verres, Part 1; Part 2, Books 1-2. (L. H. G. Greenwood, Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 221.
  • Copley, F. O. (1956). Exclusus Amator: A Study in Latin Love Poetry. American Philological Association.
  • Farron, S. (1977). The “Furor” And “Violentia” Of Aeneas. Acta Classica, 20, 204-208.
  • Field, A. M. (2014). The Origins Of Platonic Academy of Florance. Princeton Legacy Library.
  • Hanegraaff, W. J. (2010). The Platonic Frenzies In Marsilio Ficino: Myths, Martyrs, and Modernity, Studies in the History of Religions in Honour of Jan N. Bremmer. Brill.
  • Hor. Carm. (Horatius, Carmina) = Horace. (2004). Odes and Epodes. (N. Rudd, Ed. & Trans.). Loeb Classical Library.
  • Hor. Epod. (Horatius, Epodi) = Horace. (2004). Odes and Epodes. (N. Rudd, Ed. & Trans.). Loeb Classical Library.
  • Hor. Sat. (Horatius, Saturae) = Horace. (1926). Satires. Epistles. The Art of Poetry. (H. R. Fairclough, Trans.). Loeb Classical Library.
  • Houghton, L. B. T. (2013). Renaissance Latin Love Elegy. In T. S. Thorsen (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Latin Love Elegy (p.290-306). Cambridge.
  • James, S. L. (2003). Learned Girls and Male Persuasion: Gender and Reading in Roman Love Elegy. University of California Press.
  • McNair, B. (2019). Cristoforo Landino, His Works and Thought. Brill Medieval and Renaissance Authors and Texts.
  • Miller, P. A. (2007). Tibullus. In B. K. Gold (Ed.), A Companion to Roman Love Elegy (p.53-70). Wiley Balckwell.
  • Murgatroyd, P. (1997). Landino Xandra 2.20: A Renaissance Paraclausithyron. Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance, 59 (1), 105-109.
  • Nauert C.G. (2006). Avrupa’da Hümanizma ve Rönesans Kültürü. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Nortwick, T. V. (1980). Aeneas, Turnus, and Achilles. Transactions of the American Philological Association, 110, 303-314.
  • Ov. Am. (Ovidius, Amores) = Ovid. (1914). Heroides. Amores. (G. Showerman, Trans.). Loeb Classical Library.
  • Ov. Ars. (Ovidius, Ars Amatoria) = Ovid. (1929). Art of Love. Cosmetics. Remedies for Love. Ibis. Walnut-tree. Sea Fishing. Consolation. (Translated by J. H. Mozley). Loeb Classical Library.
  • Öncel, S. (1997). İtalyan Edebiyatı Tarihi, Başlangıç Döneminden Aydınlanma Çağına Kadar. İtalyan Kültür Heyeti.
  • Öztürk, R. & Yakut, A. (2023). Romalı Duygusal Bı̇r Aşk Elegeia’sı Puella’sı Olarak Homeros’un Tutsak Kadın Kahramanı Briseis. Archivum Anatolicum, 17 (2), 371-392. DOI: 10.46931/aran.1392493
  • Plato (1925). Statesman. Philebus. Ion. (H. Fowler & W. R. M. Lamb, Trans.). Loeb Classical Library.
  • Plato (2022). Lysis. Symposium. Phaedrus. (C. E. Jones & W. Preddy, Ed. & Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 166.
  • Prop (Propertius) = Propertius.(1990). Elegies. ( G. P. Goold, Ed. & Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 18.
  • The Virgil Encyclopedia (2014). (Ed. R. F. Thomas & Jan M. Ziolkowski). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Thomson, B. A. (2020). The Virtue Politics Of Cristoforo Landino’s Disputationes Camaldulenses. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. University of London.
  • Tib. (Tibullus) = Catullus, Tibullus. (1913). Catullus. Tibullus. Pervigilium Veneris. (F. W. Cornish, J. P. Postgate & J. W. Mackail, Trans. ). Loeb Classical Library 6.
  • Verg. Aen. (Vergilius, Aeneid) = Virgil. (1916). Eclogues. Georgics. Aeneid: Books 1-6.(H. R. Fairclough, Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 63.
  • Verg. Aen. (Virgil. Aeneid) : Virgil. (1918). Aeneid Books 7-12. Appendix Vergiliana.( H. R. Fairclough, Trans. ). Loeb Classical Library 64.
  • Watson, P. (2005). Fikirler Tarihi, Ateşten Freud’a. Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • White, P. (2023). Early Modern Latin Love Elegy. Brill.
  • Wyke, M. (2002). The Roman Mistress: Ancient and Modern Representations. Oxford University Press.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Latin and Classical Greek Languages
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Rukiye Öztürk 0000-0002-7368-3346

Early Pub Date June 28, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date March 16, 2025
Acceptance Date May 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Öztürk, R. (2025). CRISTOFORO LANDINO’NUN ELEGEIALARINDA FUROR KAVRAMI: KLASİK LATİN ŞİİRİNDEN RÖNESANSA AŞKIN, ÇILGINLIĞIN VE ŞİİRSEL ESİNİN ROLÜ. Uluslararası Dil Edebiyat Ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 650-666. https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1659069

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