This article aims to examine the effects of religion-based music therapy on the levels of
anxiety, emotional state and the perceived stress of the university students. The research
question is stated as follows “Is there any significant effect of the religion-based music therapy on
the level of trait anxiety, state anxiety, perceived stress, and emotional state of the university
students?”
The study design is pretest-post-test experiment, which depends on the data collected
between March and June in 2017. The population of this study consists of the Turkish university
students in Istanbul. The sample of this study is composed of 80 students at the beginning of the
study, and then 58 students are included who are between 19 and 30 years old. The participants
filled out the Informed Consent Form and Short Symptom Check-List before participating in the
experiment. Excluding criteria of the sample are having psychotic disorder, having idea of getting
suicide in the past 6 months, attempting to get suicide in the past 6 months, having chronic illness,
having treatment for any kind of illness, attending psychotherapy sessions, having deficiency of
hearing, and getting medium or high score of Short Symptom Check-List.
Passive music therapy methods were applied in all sessions of this study. The experimental
group listened the stressful voices, and the religious-based songs with closed-eyes in each sessions
once a week for a month. The control group listened stressful voices solely, and then they stayed
slient with closed-eyes as long as the religious-song. Religious songs are composed of “Hijaz tune”
which is the type of the classical Turkish musical tunes. At the first session, instrumental song in
Hijaz tune which is composed by Ayşe Başak İLHAN HARMANCI for this study, is performed by a
musician with nay (reed flute). At the second and third sessions, Turkish religious songs in Hijaz
tune are played via CD player. At the last session, the record of the same instrumental song of the
first session is played via CD player. Participants filled out the same scales at the end of the
sessions. Then, the same scales are filled in by the participants one month later for follow-up
results.
The scales which are administered in this study are the Demographic Information Form,
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI TX-I-II), Positive-Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and Perceieved
Stress Level Scale. Demographic form consists of the questions about the socio-demographic
variables of the participants, which are gender, age, marital status, having the idea of getting
suicide, the level of the income, the level of education, the department of education, the status of
getting psychiatric treatment, deficiency of hearing, and the physical health. Short Symptom
Check-List is a 5-Likert type scale, which consist of 53 items developed by Derogatis in 1992. The
scale has the six sub-scales that are negative self-concept, depression, anxiety, somatization and
hostility. Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) is a 5-Likert Type scale that consists of 10
positive and 10 negative affect items is developed by Watson et. al. in 1998. Each item is
evaluated from 1 to 5, (1=very slightly, 2=a little, 3=moderately, 4=quite a bit, 5=extremely). StateTrait
Anxitey Inventory (STAI) is a 4-Likert scale (e.g., from “Almost Never” to “Almost Always”),
that consists of 40 items which is developed by Spielberger et. al. in 1983. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety. Perceived Stress Scale is a 4-Likert Type Scale (0 = Never, 1 = Almost Never, 2 =
Sometimes, 3 = Fairly Often, 4 = Very Often), which consists of 10 items, and it is developed by
Cohen in 1994. Higher scores indicate greater stress.
It is found that there is no effect of the religious-based music therapy on the levels of the
state anxiety and the positive affect at significant level. There is a meaningful effect of the
religious-based music therapy for decreasing the levels of the perceived stress and the the
negative affect. Besides, there is a meaningful decrease in the follow-up scores of the trait anxiety
in comparison to the post-test scores of the level of the trait anxiety in the experimental group.
music therapy religious music therapy state anxiety trait anxiety emotional state perceieved stress.
Bu çalışma üniversite öğrencilerinde dinî içerikli müzik terapinin kaygı, duygu durumu ve algılanan stres düzeyi üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu araştırma ön-test son-test kontrol gruplu deneysel desene göre tasarlanmıştır. Veriler Mart-Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasında uygulanan anketten elde edilmiştir. Araştırma evrenini İstanbul’da eğitim gören üniversite öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemde yer alan 19-30 yaş arası 58 üniversite öğrencisinin onam formu alındıktan sonra deney grubuna 1 ay süreyle stres içerikli sesler ve ardından Hicaz makamında dinî içerikli eserlerden oluşan müzik terapi protokolü uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubuna ise yalnızca stres içerikli sesler dinletilmiş, ardından dinî musiki eseri süresi kadar sessizliği dinlemişlerdir. Seansların bitiminden 1 ay süre sonra araştırmanın etki süresini ölçmek amacıyla katılımcılara tekrar aynı ölçekler uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçekler sırasıyla Demografik Bilgi Formu, Kısa Semptom Envanteri, Durumluk Kaygı Ölçeği (STAI TX-I), Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği (STAI TX-II), Pozitif Negatif Duygu Ölçeği (PANAS) ve Algılanan Stres Ölçeği’dir (ASÖ). Veriler SPSS 23.0 istatistik programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Ancak dinî içerikli müzik terapinin durumluk kaygı ve pozitif duygu durum üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulgulanmamıştır. Dinî içerikli müzik terapinin algılanan stres düzeyi ve negatif duygu durumun azalması üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkisi bulgulanmıştır. Müzik terapiye katılanların sürekli kaygı son test ve izleme (follow-up) puanları arasında anlamlı bir azalma bulgulanmıştır
Müzik terapi dinî içerikli müzik terapi sürekli kaygı durumluk kaygı duygu durum algılanan stres
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Other ID | JA24TP79PY |
Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | June 1, 2018 |
Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 |