The Relationship Between Monastic and Lay Comunity in Vinaya Pitaka

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 8, 226 - 247, 31.12.2021

Merve Susuz Aygül

Öz

The Buddhist community Sangha consists of two distinct groups that are completely different from each other in terms of way of life. The monastic community renounces all their social and economic bonds and lives in a monastery within the framework of certain rules. On the other hand, the lay community while continues to live household life, believes in Buddha, Sangha, and Dharma and supports those who live monastic life. The relationship between these two groups is the basic element that ensures the continuity of the Buddhist community. Because of this importance, Vinaya Pitaka has shaped this relationship on certain dynamics. The foremost of these dynamics are the principle of mutual generosity, the responsibility of the monastic community to keep itself spiritually pure, and the most importantly, the balance provided by the unique authorities that these groups have on each other. These dynamics have shaped the relationship between these two groups based on interdependence, mutual authority, expectation, and responsibility. In this context, this article firstly analyzes what does it mean to be a monastic and to be a lay. Secondly, it is focused on the dynamics of the relationship between these two groups in Vinaya. Other texts of Tripitaka are beyond the scope of this article.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vinaya Pitaka, Sangha, Monastic Community, Lay Community.

Vinaya Pitaka’da Keşişler Cemaati İle Dindarlar Cemaati Arasındaki İlişki

Öz

Budist cemaati Sangha yaşam şekli açısından birbirinden tamamıyla farklı iki ayrı gruptan oluşur. Bu iki grup bütün sosyal ve ekonomik bağlarından feragat ederek belli kurallar çerçevesinde manastır hayatı yaşayan keşişler cemaati ile aile hayatı yaşamaya devam ederken Buda, Sangha ve Dharmaya iman edip manastır hayatı yaşayanları maddi açıdan destekleyenlerin oluşturduğu dindarlar cemaatidir. Budist cemaatini oluşturan bu iki grup arasındaki ilişki cemaatin devamlılığını sağlayan temel unsurdur. Bu önemi nedeniyle Vinaya Pitaka keşişler cemaati ile dindarlar cemaati arasındaki ilişkiyi birtakım dinamikler üzerine kurarak şekillendirmiştir. Bu dinamiklerin başta gelenleri karşılıklı cömertlik ilkesi, keşişler cemaatinin kendini günahsız ve saf kılma sorumluluğu ile dindarların manastır ve keşişleri maddi açıdan desteklemeleri yönündeki beklenti ve en önemlisi iki cemaatin sahip olduğu kendilerine has otoritenin sağladığı güç dengesidir. Bu dinamikler iki grup arasındaki ilişkinin karşılıklı bağımlılık, otorite, beklenti ve sorumluluklar çerçevesinde gelişmesini sağlamış ve birbirinden tamamıyla farklı iki grup bir bütün olarak Budist cemaatini oluşturmuştur. Bu makale Vinaya özelinde keşişler cemaati ve dindarlar cemaatinin ne şekilde tanımlandığını inceledikten sonra bu iki grup arasındaki ilişkinin dinamikleri üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Budist kanonu Tripitaka’nın diğer metinleri bu makalenin kapsamına dahil edilmemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vinaya Pitaka, Sangha, Keşişler Cemaati, Dindarlar Cemaati.

Kaynakça

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