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Political Activism and Other Predictors of Immigration-Status-Based Prejudice: Secondary Data Analysis of the World Values Survey

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 38 - 48, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1370809

Abstract

Political activism is motivated by the desire for equity in the distribution of social values, raising curiosity about how activism plays out in matters of prejudicial sentiments. Therefore, this work was designed to examine the prediction of immigration-status-based prejudice by activism in a cross-national data context. The data used are secondary data from Wave 7 of the 2017-2021 World Values Survey (N=76 897) and the 2017-2020 European Values Survey (N=58 103), which were conducted in 81 different countries. Binary logistic regression featuring the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to analyze data. Results show that 21.7% of respondents were prejudiced against immigrants while the mean±SD of political activism was 6.46±2.26 (min.=4, max.=12). Politically active respondents were significantly less likely to have prejudice against immigrants (AOR=0.861; 95% CI=0.855, 0.866; p<0.01). Political activism remains a backing for diversity, social inclusion and other elements of left-wing political orientation which align with democratic norms.

References

  • Baumgartner, F. R., Berry, J. M., Hojnacki, M., Leech, B. L., and Kimball, D. C. (2009). Lobbying and Policy Change: Who Wins, Who Loses, and Why. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Bevelander, P., and Wodak, R. (Eds.). (2020). Europe at The Crossroads: Confronting Populist, Nationalist, And Global Challenges. Sweden: Nordic Academic Press.
  • Boehnke, K., and Wong, B. (2011). Adolescent Political Activism and Long-Term Happiness: A 21 Year Longitudinal Study On the Development of Micro-and Macrosocial Worries. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(3), 435-447.
  • Bond, R. M., Fariss, C. J., Jones, J. J., Kramer, A. D., Marlow, C., Settle, J. E., and Fowler, J. H. (2012). A 61-Million-Person Experiment in Social Influence and Political Mobilization. Nature, 489(7415), 295-298.
  • Cadimu, M., Latrofa, M., and Carnaghi, A. (2013). Comparing Self-Stereotyping with In-Group-Stereotyping and Out-Group-Stereotyping in Unequal-Status Groups: The Case of Gender. Self and Identity, 12(6), 582-596.
  • Chasteen, A. L. (2005). Seeing Eye-To-Eye: Do Intergroup Biases Operate Similarly for Younger and Older Adults? The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 61(2), 123-139.
  • Cheng, E. W. (2016). Street Politics in A Hybrid Regime: The Diffusion of Political Activism in Post-Colonial Hong Kong. The China Quarterly, 226, 383-406.
  • Christ, O., Asbrock, F., Dhont, K., Pettigrew, T. F., and Wagner, U. (2015). The Effects of Intergroup Climate On Immigrants’ Acculturation Preferences. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 221:252–57.
  • Crocetti, E., Albarello, F., Prati, F., and Rubini, M. (2021). Development of Prejudice Against Immigrants and Ethnic Minorities in Adolescence: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. Developmental Review, 60, 100959.
  • Croucher, S. M., Nguyen, T., and Rahmani, D. (2020). Prejudice Toward Asian Americans in The COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effects of Social Media Use in The United States. Frontiers in Communication, 5, 39.
  • Crowley, J. (1999). The Politics of Belonging: Some Theoretical Considerations. The politics of belonging: Migrants and minorities in contemporary Europe, 15-41.
  • Evans, M. D. R., and Kelley, J. (2019). Prejudice Against Immigrants Symptomizes a Larger Syndrome, Is Strongly Diminished by Socioeconomic Development, And The UK Is Not an Outlier: Insights from The WVS, EVS, and EQLS surveys. Frontiers in Sociology, 4, 415320.
  • Evripidou, A., and Drury, J. (2013). This Is the Time of Tension: Collective Action and Subjective Power in The Greek Anti-Austerity Movement. Contention, 1(1), 31-51.
  • Foster M. D. (2019). “Use it or lose it”: How Online Activism Moderates the Protective Properties of Gender Identity for Well-Being. Computers in Human Behavior, 96, 163–173.
  • Foster, M. D. (2015). Tweeting About Sexism: The Well‐Being Benefits of a Social Media Collective Action. British Journal of Social Psychology, 54(4), 629-647.
  • Freire, A. (2015). Left–Right Ideology as A Dimension of Identification and of Competition. Journal of Political Ideologies, 20(1), 43-68.
  • Fung, A. (2003). Associations and Democracy: Between Theories, Hopes, And Realities. Annual Review of Sociology, 29(1), 515-539.
  • Gibson, J. L. (2011). “Political intolerance in the context of democratic theory.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Science, Robert E. Goodin (eds.) New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 409–30.
  • Haerpfer C, Inglehart R, Moreno A, et al. (eds.) (2020) World Values Survey: Round Seven-Country-Pooled Datafile. Madrid, Spain & Vienna, Austria: JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat.
  • Han, H. (2016). The Organizational Roots of Political Activism: Field Experiments On Creating a Relational Context. American Political Science Review, 110(2), 296-307.
  • Hogg, M. A. (2006). “Social identity theory.” In Burke, P. J. (eds.), Contemporary social psychological theories. Stanford University Press (pp. 111–136).
  • Janmaat, J. G., and Keating, A. (2019). Are Today’s Youth More Tolerant? Trends in Tolerance Among Young People in Britain. Ethnicities, 19(1), 44-65.
  • Klar, M., and Kasser, T. (2009). Some Benefits of Being an Activist: Measuring Activism and Its Role in Psychological Well‐Being. Political Psychology, 30(5), 755-777.
  • Kokkonen, A., and Linde, J. (2023). A Nativist Divide? Anti‐Immigration Attitudes and Diffuse Support for Democracy in Western Europe. European Journal of Political Research, 62(3), 977-988.
  • Korol, L., Fietzer, A. W., Bevelander, P., and Pasichnyk, I. (2023). Are Immigrants Scapegoats? The Reciprocal Relationships Between Subjective Well-Being, Political Distrust, And Anti-Immigrant Attitudes in Young Adulthood. Psychological Reports, 126(3), 1392-1415.
  • Martin, B. (2007). “Activism, social and political.” In Anderson, G.L. and Herr, K.G. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice (pp. 19–27). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Miller, S. V. (2017). Economic Threats or Societal Turmoil? Understanding Preferences for Authoritarian Political Systems. Political Behavior, 39, 457-478.
  • Miller, S. V., and Davis, N. T. (2021). The Effect of White Social Prejudice On Support for American Democracy. The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics, 6(2), 334 – 351.
  • Reyna, C., Dobria, O., and Wetherell, G. (2013). The Complexity and Ambivalence of Immigration Attitudes: Ambivalent Stereotypes Predict Conflicting Attitudes Toward Immigration Policies. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 19(3), 342–356.
  • Ryan, J., and Higginbottom, K. (2017). Politics, Activism, And Leadership for Social Justice in Education. The Wiley International Handbook of Educational Leadership, 103-123.
  • Schweitzer, R., Perkoulidis, S., Krome, S., Ludlow, C., and Ryan, M. (2005). Attitudes Towards Refugees: The Dark Side of Prejudice in Australia. Australian Journal of Psychology, 57(3), 170-179.
  • Sinclair, B. (2012). The Social Citizen: Peer Networks and Political Behavior. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Skocpol, T. (2003). Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Civic Life . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Vestergren, S., Drury, J., and Chiriac, E. H. (2017). The Biographical Consequences of Protest and Activism: A Systematic Review and A New Typology. Social Movement Studies, 16(2), 203-221.
  • Vestergren, S., Drury, J., and Chiriac, E. H. (2018). How Collective Action Produces Psychological Change and How That Change Endures Over Time: A Case Study of an Environmental Campaign. British Journal of Social Psychology, 57(4), 855-877.
  • World Values Survey (2020) Fieldwork and sampling. Available at https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jsp, accessed 27th March 2022.
  • Yuval‐Davis, N. (2007). Intersectionality, Citizenship and Contemporary Politics of Belonging. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 10(4), 561-574.
  • Yuval-Davis, N. (2016). Power, Intersectionality and The Politics of Belonging. In The Palgrave Handbook of Gender and Development: Critical Engagements in Feminist Theory and Practice (pp. 367-381). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Political Activism and Other Predictors of Immigration-Status-Based Prejudice: Secondary Data Analysis of the World Values Survey

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 38 - 48, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1370809

Abstract

Political activism is motivated by the desire for equity in the distribution of social values, raising curiosity about how activism plays out in matters of prejudicial sentiments. Therefore, this work was designed to examine the prediction of immigration-status-based prejudice by activism in a cross-national data context. The data used are secondary data from Wave 7 of the 2017-2021 World Values Survey (N=76 897) and the 2017-2020 European Values Survey (N=58 103), which were conducted in 81 different countries. Binary logistic regression featuring the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to analyze data. Results show that 21.7% of respondents were prejudiced against immigrants while the mean±SD of political activism was 6.46±2.26 (min.=4, max.=12). Politically active respondents were significantly less likely to have prejudice against immigrants (AOR=0.861; 95% CI=0.855, 0.866; p<0.01). Political activism remains a backing for diversity, social inclusion and other elements of left-wing political orientation which align with democratic norms.

References

  • Baumgartner, F. R., Berry, J. M., Hojnacki, M., Leech, B. L., and Kimball, D. C. (2009). Lobbying and Policy Change: Who Wins, Who Loses, and Why. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Bevelander, P., and Wodak, R. (Eds.). (2020). Europe at The Crossroads: Confronting Populist, Nationalist, And Global Challenges. Sweden: Nordic Academic Press.
  • Boehnke, K., and Wong, B. (2011). Adolescent Political Activism and Long-Term Happiness: A 21 Year Longitudinal Study On the Development of Micro-and Macrosocial Worries. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(3), 435-447.
  • Bond, R. M., Fariss, C. J., Jones, J. J., Kramer, A. D., Marlow, C., Settle, J. E., and Fowler, J. H. (2012). A 61-Million-Person Experiment in Social Influence and Political Mobilization. Nature, 489(7415), 295-298.
  • Cadimu, M., Latrofa, M., and Carnaghi, A. (2013). Comparing Self-Stereotyping with In-Group-Stereotyping and Out-Group-Stereotyping in Unequal-Status Groups: The Case of Gender. Self and Identity, 12(6), 582-596.
  • Chasteen, A. L. (2005). Seeing Eye-To-Eye: Do Intergroup Biases Operate Similarly for Younger and Older Adults? The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 61(2), 123-139.
  • Cheng, E. W. (2016). Street Politics in A Hybrid Regime: The Diffusion of Political Activism in Post-Colonial Hong Kong. The China Quarterly, 226, 383-406.
  • Christ, O., Asbrock, F., Dhont, K., Pettigrew, T. F., and Wagner, U. (2015). The Effects of Intergroup Climate On Immigrants’ Acculturation Preferences. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 221:252–57.
  • Crocetti, E., Albarello, F., Prati, F., and Rubini, M. (2021). Development of Prejudice Against Immigrants and Ethnic Minorities in Adolescence: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. Developmental Review, 60, 100959.
  • Croucher, S. M., Nguyen, T., and Rahmani, D. (2020). Prejudice Toward Asian Americans in The COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effects of Social Media Use in The United States. Frontiers in Communication, 5, 39.
  • Crowley, J. (1999). The Politics of Belonging: Some Theoretical Considerations. The politics of belonging: Migrants and minorities in contemporary Europe, 15-41.
  • Evans, M. D. R., and Kelley, J. (2019). Prejudice Against Immigrants Symptomizes a Larger Syndrome, Is Strongly Diminished by Socioeconomic Development, And The UK Is Not an Outlier: Insights from The WVS, EVS, and EQLS surveys. Frontiers in Sociology, 4, 415320.
  • Evripidou, A., and Drury, J. (2013). This Is the Time of Tension: Collective Action and Subjective Power in The Greek Anti-Austerity Movement. Contention, 1(1), 31-51.
  • Foster M. D. (2019). “Use it or lose it”: How Online Activism Moderates the Protective Properties of Gender Identity for Well-Being. Computers in Human Behavior, 96, 163–173.
  • Foster, M. D. (2015). Tweeting About Sexism: The Well‐Being Benefits of a Social Media Collective Action. British Journal of Social Psychology, 54(4), 629-647.
  • Freire, A. (2015). Left–Right Ideology as A Dimension of Identification and of Competition. Journal of Political Ideologies, 20(1), 43-68.
  • Fung, A. (2003). Associations and Democracy: Between Theories, Hopes, And Realities. Annual Review of Sociology, 29(1), 515-539.
  • Gibson, J. L. (2011). “Political intolerance in the context of democratic theory.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Science, Robert E. Goodin (eds.) New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 409–30.
  • Haerpfer C, Inglehart R, Moreno A, et al. (eds.) (2020) World Values Survey: Round Seven-Country-Pooled Datafile. Madrid, Spain & Vienna, Austria: JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat.
  • Han, H. (2016). The Organizational Roots of Political Activism: Field Experiments On Creating a Relational Context. American Political Science Review, 110(2), 296-307.
  • Hogg, M. A. (2006). “Social identity theory.” In Burke, P. J. (eds.), Contemporary social psychological theories. Stanford University Press (pp. 111–136).
  • Janmaat, J. G., and Keating, A. (2019). Are Today’s Youth More Tolerant? Trends in Tolerance Among Young People in Britain. Ethnicities, 19(1), 44-65.
  • Klar, M., and Kasser, T. (2009). Some Benefits of Being an Activist: Measuring Activism and Its Role in Psychological Well‐Being. Political Psychology, 30(5), 755-777.
  • Kokkonen, A., and Linde, J. (2023). A Nativist Divide? Anti‐Immigration Attitudes and Diffuse Support for Democracy in Western Europe. European Journal of Political Research, 62(3), 977-988.
  • Korol, L., Fietzer, A. W., Bevelander, P., and Pasichnyk, I. (2023). Are Immigrants Scapegoats? The Reciprocal Relationships Between Subjective Well-Being, Political Distrust, And Anti-Immigrant Attitudes in Young Adulthood. Psychological Reports, 126(3), 1392-1415.
  • Martin, B. (2007). “Activism, social and political.” In Anderson, G.L. and Herr, K.G. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice (pp. 19–27). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Miller, S. V. (2017). Economic Threats or Societal Turmoil? Understanding Preferences for Authoritarian Political Systems. Political Behavior, 39, 457-478.
  • Miller, S. V., and Davis, N. T. (2021). The Effect of White Social Prejudice On Support for American Democracy. The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics, 6(2), 334 – 351.
  • Reyna, C., Dobria, O., and Wetherell, G. (2013). The Complexity and Ambivalence of Immigration Attitudes: Ambivalent Stereotypes Predict Conflicting Attitudes Toward Immigration Policies. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 19(3), 342–356.
  • Ryan, J., and Higginbottom, K. (2017). Politics, Activism, And Leadership for Social Justice in Education. The Wiley International Handbook of Educational Leadership, 103-123.
  • Schweitzer, R., Perkoulidis, S., Krome, S., Ludlow, C., and Ryan, M. (2005). Attitudes Towards Refugees: The Dark Side of Prejudice in Australia. Australian Journal of Psychology, 57(3), 170-179.
  • Sinclair, B. (2012). The Social Citizen: Peer Networks and Political Behavior. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Skocpol, T. (2003). Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Civic Life . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Vestergren, S., Drury, J., and Chiriac, E. H. (2017). The Biographical Consequences of Protest and Activism: A Systematic Review and A New Typology. Social Movement Studies, 16(2), 203-221.
  • Vestergren, S., Drury, J., and Chiriac, E. H. (2018). How Collective Action Produces Psychological Change and How That Change Endures Over Time: A Case Study of an Environmental Campaign. British Journal of Social Psychology, 57(4), 855-877.
  • World Values Survey (2020) Fieldwork and sampling. Available at https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jsp, accessed 27th March 2022.
  • Yuval‐Davis, N. (2007). Intersectionality, Citizenship and Contemporary Politics of Belonging. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 10(4), 561-574.
  • Yuval-Davis, N. (2016). Power, Intersectionality and The Politics of Belonging. In The Palgrave Handbook of Gender and Development: Critical Engagements in Feminist Theory and Practice (pp. 367-381). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Policy and Administration (Other)
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

Bashirat Abiodun Ibrahim 0000-0002-7976-5975

Publication Date April 30, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ibrahim, B. A. (2024). Political Activism and Other Predictors of Immigration-Status-Based Prejudice: Secondary Data Analysis of the World Values Survey. Uluslararası Ekonomi İşletme Ve Politika Dergisi, 8(1), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1370809

Recep Tayyip Erdogan University
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Department of Economics
RIZE / TÜRKİYE