AB’NİN AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASININ ETKİNLİĞİNİN SORGULANMASI : UKRAYNA ÖRNEĞİNDE

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 18 - 32, 21.04.2021

Pinar Akgul

https://doi.org/10.51763/uid.877630

Öz

Soğuk Savaş sonrası genişleme süreçlerinden bu yana AB daha geniş bir coğrafyaya komşu olmuştur. Bu yeni coğrafya farklı öncelikleri ve güvenlik sorunları olan güney Akdeniz’den Doğu Avrupa’ya ve Güney Kafkaslara kadar uzanmaktaydı. Bu yeni sınır AB için tüm alanı kapsayacak bir komşuluk politikasının kurulması ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası bu ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda kurulmuş bir inisiyatiftir. Her devleti aynı kabul etmesi ve bu nedenle de aynı politikalar yöneltmesi ise inisiyatifin başarılı olup olmadığı sorularının çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada AB bu inisiyatifle dilediği başarıyı ele edememiştir argümanı savunulacaktır. Bu başarısızlığın nedenleri olarak ise AB üyesi devletler arasındaki ortak hareket etme eksiliği, üyelerin isteksizlikleri ve şartlılık politikası üzerinde durulacaktır. Bu problemler AB inisiyatifinin belirsizliğine yol açmıştır sonucu çıkarılacaktır. Bu argüman Ukrayna örneği üzerinden analiz edilecektir. Ukrayna’nın seçilmesinin nedeni inisiyatifin belirsizliğine ve etkisizliğine vurgu yapabilmek açısından her ne kadar AB’nin şartlarını yerine getirse de çok istediği tam üyeliği alamamış olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ, UKRAYNA, AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASI

QUESTIONING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EU’S EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICY: A CASE OF UKRAINE

Öz

With the post-Cold War enlargement processes, the EU closed to an enlarged neighbourhood. This new neighbourhood has stretched from the southern Mediterranean to the Eastern Europe as well as South Caucasus where various priorities as well as security challenges have. Thus, this new borderline increases the requirement of forming new neighbourhood policies covering whole areas for the EU. The European Neighbourhood Policy was formed in accordance with these concerns. Accepting these areas as similar and so adapting one-size-fits-all policy approaches however questioned the efficiency of the initiative. This essay argues that the EU could not be able to achieve what it want with the ENP because of the lack of common attitude and the reluctance of current member states, and also conditionality. These problems lead ambiguity of the EU initiative. These ambiguities and inefficiencies analyse through the case of Ukraine since it makes great achievements in fulfilling EU conditions but has not got what it desired the most – the full membership.

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