ijeas Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi 1307-9832 1307-9859 Kenan ÇELİK 10.18092/ulikidince.1014615 Economics Ekonomi DO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS MATTER FOR INNOVATION? EVIDENCE FROM OIL-IMPORTING AND OIL-EXPORTING COUNTRIES İNOVASYON İÇİN ÇEVRESEL VE EKONOMİK FAKTÖRLER ÖNEMLİ MİDİR? PETROL İTHAL EDEN VE PETROL İHRAÇ EDEN ÜLKELER ÖRNEĞİ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-373X Selçuk Mervan SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1857-8682 Görmüş Şakir SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5604-4369 Güven Murat SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ 08 07 2022 36 95 110 10 25 2021 07 22 2022 Copyright © 2008, International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies 2008 International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of gross domestic product per capita, trade openness, renewable energy, energy consumption, foreign direct investment, carbon emission, and oil prices on innovation for selected 11 oil-importing and 11 oil-exporting countries and to compare the results from both country groups to see the differences and similarities. For this purpose, we employ Poisson regression and negative binomial fixed effect techniques from 1990 to 2018. The empirical findings illustrate that all variables are significant except for renewable energy in oil-exporting countries. Trade openness and carbon emission have a significant and negative relationship with innovation, while gross domestic product per capita, energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and oil price have a significant and positive relationship with innovation in oil-exporting countries. Gross domestic product per capita, energy consumption, and carbon emission have a significant and positive relationship with innovation in oil-importing countries, while there is a significant and negative relationship between renewable energy and innovation.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, seçilmiş 11 petrol ithal eden ve 11 petrol ihraç eden ülkeler için GDP, ticari açıklık, yenilenebilir enerji, enerji tüketimi, doğrudan yabancı yatırımı, karbon emisyonu ve petrol fiyatlarının inovasyon üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre petrol ihraç eden ülkelerde yenilenebilir enerji dışındaki tüm değişkenlerin anlamlı olduğu görülmektedir. Petrol ihraç eden ülkelerde ise ticari açıklık ve karbon emisyonunun inovasyonla olan ilişkisi anlamlı ve negatifken, GDP, enerji tüketimi, doğrudan yabancı yatırımı ve petrol fiyatı inovasyonla anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişkiye sahiptir. Petrol ithal eden ülkelerde GDP, enerji tüketimi ve karbon emisyonu inovasyonla anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişkiye sahipken, yenilenebilir enerji ile inovasyon arasında anlamlı ve negatif bir ilişki vardır.

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