Çin’in Türkiye’deki Enerji Yatırımları ve Yatırımların Önündeki Potansiyel Engeller

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 19, 30.06.2021

Mustafa Kaya , İzzet Arı

Abstract

Yükselen bir ekonomi olarak Türkiye, enerji sektörü de dâhil olmak üzere çeşitli sektörlerde doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişini artırmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu bağlamda enerji sektöründe Türkiye ile Çin arasındaki işbirliğini geliştirmek için önemli bir potansiyel mevcuttur. Bu çalışma, Çin’in Türkiye'deki enerji yatırımlarının rolünü 2005-2020 arasındaki projeleri inceleyerek ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma aynı zamanda Çinli yatırımcılar için güneş, nükleer ve kömür alt sektörlerindeki engelleri göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sonuçlara göre Çin, Türkiye’nin enerji sektörüne 2.8 milyar dolar yatırım yapmıştır. Bu alanda Çinli yatırımcılar için birçok engel bulunmaktadır ve bu engellerin kaldırılması iki ülkenin daha sağlam bir zeminde işbirliği yapmasına katkıda bulunabilir.

Keywords

Çinli Enerji Yatırımları, Yatırım Engelleri, Güneş Enerjisi, Kömür Yakıtlı Termik Santral, Nükleer Enerji

Chinese Energy Investments in Turkey and Potential Investment Barriers

Abstract

Turkey, as an emerging economy, is trying to increase the inflow of foreign direct investment in various sectors, including energy and there is room for improving cooperation between Turkey and China in this area. This study aims to demonstrate the role of Chinese energy investments in Turkey by examining projects between 2005 and 2020. The study also aims to reveal barriers in solar, nuclear and coal sub-sectors for Chinese investors. According to the results, China has invested 2.8 billion dollars in Turkey’s energy sector, there are many barriers for Chinese investors and removing them can enable the two countries to cooperate on a more solid ground.

Keywords

Chinese Energy Investment, Investment Barriers, Solar Energy, Coal-fired Power Plant, Nuclear Energy

References

• Akman, M. S. (2019). Turkey’s Middle Corridor and Belt and Road Initiative: Coherent of Conflicting? TEPAV. https://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/mce/2019/notlar/n201937turkeys_middle_corridor_and_belt_and_road_initiative_coherent_or_conflicting.pdf
• Akman, M. S. (2019). Turkey’s Middle Corridor and Belt and Road Initiative: Coherent of Conflicting? TEPAV. https://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/mce/2019/notlar/n201937turkeys_middle_corridor_and_belt_and_road_initiative_coherent_or_conflicting.pdf
• Alemdaroglu, A., & Tepe, S. (2020). Erdogan Is Turning Turkey Into a Chinese Client State. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/16/erdogan-is-turning-turkey-into-a-chinese-client-state/
• Ari, I., & Yikmaz, R. F. (2019). The role of renewable energy in achieving Turkey’s INDC. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 105(July 2018), 244–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.02.004
• BankTrack. (2020a). Amasra Coal Mine and Power Plant - Brief History. https://www.banktrack.org/project/amasra_hema_coal_plant#brief_history
• BankTrack. (2020b). Amasra Coal Mine and Power Plant - Financiers. https://www.banktrack.org/project/amasra_hema_coal_plant#financiers
• BankTrack. (2020c). Amasra Coal Mine and Power Plant - Related Companies. https://www.banktrack.org/project/amasra_hema_coal_plant#companies
• BankTrack. (2021). Emba Hunutlu Coal Power Plant - Impacts. https://www.banktrack.org/project/emba_hunutlu_coal_power_plant#impacts
• Bayraktar, A. (2018). Energy Transition in Turkey. Turkish Policy Quarterly. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Turkeys_Energy_Nexus-Discoveries_and_Developments.pdf
• BBC News. (2017). Toshiba’s Westinghouse Files for US Bankruptcy. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-39424634
• Bloomberg. (2020). China’s Banks Asked to Stop Funding Turkey’s Coal Industry. Bloomberg Quint. https://www.bloombergquint.com/china/turkish-coal-plant-foes-call-on-chinese-banks-to-halt-financing
• BP. (2020). Statistical Review of World Energy 2020. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2020-full-report.pdf?utm_source=BP_Global_GroupCommunications_UK_external&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=11599394_Statistical Revi
• Carril-Caccia, F., & Pavlova, E. (2018). Foreign Direct Investment and Its Drivers: A Global and EU Perspective. ECB Economic Bulletin. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/economic-bulletin/articles/2018/html/ecb.ebart201804_01.en.html#toc2
• Celikel, E., Cakır, M. O., & Temizer, M. (2015). 3. Nükleer Santral Kırklareli İğneada’da Planlanıyor. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/politika/enerji-ve-tabii-kaynaklar-bakani-alaboyun-aa-editor-masasina-konuk-oldu/438936
• Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. (2014). Ödemeler Dengesi İstatistiklerine İlişkin Yöntemsel Açıklama. http://hakan.hozyildiz.com/file/resource/1417172899_odemldengtcmb.pdf
• Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. (2020). Ödemeler Dengesi İstatistikleri. https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/0ab87526-c290-4bdd-94d4-b8e99e70eba9/BOPMetaveri.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-0ab87526-c290-4bdd-94d4-b8e99e70eba9-mcFYR7h
• Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. (2021). Uluslararası Yatırım Pozisyonu. https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Istatistikler/Odemeler+Dengesi+ve+Ilgili+Istatistikler/Uluslararasi+Yatirim+Pozisyonu/
• Chen, Y. (2015). EU-China Solar Panels Trade Dispute: Settlement and challenges to the EU. European Institute for Asian Studies. https://www.eias.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/EU-Asia-at-a-glance-EU-China-Solar-Panels-Dispute-Yu-Chen.pdf
• China Machinery Engineering Company. (2015). Termination of Discloseable Transaction in Relation to the Acquisition of 75% Equity Interest in OEDAS And OEPSAS. https://chinamachinery.todayir.com/attachment/2015071316320100002258868_en.pdf
• China Radio International. (2017). Power China, Avrasya merkezini İstanbul’da açtı. http://turkish.cri.cn/1781/2017/05/24/1s183219.htm
• CR. (2020). Top construction companies in China. https://constructionreviewonline.com/2020/06/top-construction-companies-in-china/
• Daily Sabah. (2016). Çin Büyükelçisi Yu Hongyang’ın Dailysabah’a Açıklaması. Chinese Embassy in Turkey. http://tr.china-embassy.org/tur/ztgx/t1393007.htm
• Danıstay. (2020). Danıştay 6. Dairesinin Yürütmeyi Durdurma Kararı. https://twitter.com/bartinplatformu/status/1273617938734596099
• DEİK. (2016). Asya Yüzyılında Ejder & Hilâl: Türkiye-Çin Ekonomik İlişkilerinin Geliştirilmesi için Bir Yol Haritası. www.deik.org.tr
• Dennis, B. (2020). The U.S. Will Soon Rejoin the Paris Climate Accord. Then Comes the Hard Part. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/12/22/biden-paris-climate-accord/
• Dilek, Ş., Özdemir, B. Z., & İstikbal, D. (2019). Asya Yüzyılında Türkiye-Çin Ekonomik İlişkileri.
• Dunya Gazetesi. (2012). Harbin ile Hattat Arasında Dev Ortaklık. https://www.dunya.com/sektorler/enerji/harbin-ile-hattat-arasinda-dev-ortaklik-haberi-186336
• Dunya Gazetesi. (2020). ‘Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Stratejisi’ 2021’in Başında Açıklanacak. https://www.dunya.com/ekonomi/dogrudan-yabanci-yatirim-stratejisi-2021in-basinda-aciklanacak-haberi-602834
• Durdular, A. (2016). Çin’in “ Kuşak-Yol ” Projesi ve Türkiye-Çin İlişkilerine Etkisi. TİKA Avrasya Etüdleri, 1, 77–97.
• EBRD. (2019). Turkey Country Strategy 2019-2024 (Issue July). https://www.ebrd.com/where-we-are/turkey/overview.html
• Egilmez, M. (2018). Uluslararası Doğrudan Yatırımlar. https://www.mahfiegilmez.com/2018/07/uluslararas-dogrudan-yatrmlar.html
• Electricity Turkey Magazine. (2020). Exports solar panels produced in Turkey to USA. https://www.electricityturkey.com/en/exports-solar-panels-produced-in-turkey-to-usa/
• Emba Electricity Production Company. (2016). Turkey Hunutlu Thermal Power Plant Project Tendering Notice. https://www.banktrack.org/download/tendering_notice/tenderingnoticeoe20160926.pdf
• Ember. (2020). The Path of Least Resistance How Electricity Generated from Coal is Leaking into the EU. https://ember-climate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Ember-Path-of-least-resistance-2020.pdf
• Enerji Gunlugu. (2019). Hema Amasra Termik Santrali için Yeni Çevre Raporu. https://www.enerjigunlugu.net/hema-amasra-termik-santrali-icin-yeni-cevre-raporu-32183h.htm
• Enerji Gunlugu. (2020). Adana’daki Termik Santral İnşaatının Durdurulması için Kampanya. https://www.enerjigunlugu.net/adanadaki-termik-santral-insaatinin-durdurulmasi-icin-kampanya-37589h.htm
• European Comission. (2020). CE Marking. https://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/ce-marking_en
• European Commission. (2019a). Annex to the Communication on the European Green Deal Roadmap. https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/european-green-deal-communication-annex-roadmap_en.pdf
• European Commission. (2019b). Communication from the Commission on the European Green Deal. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1576150542719&uri=COM%3A2019%3A640%3AFIN
• European Commission. (2020). Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=PI_COM%3AAres%282020%291350037
• European Parliament. (2017). China Export and the CE Marking. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2017-001822_EN.html
• Fitch Ratings. (2020). Shanghai Electric Group Co. Ltd. Rating Report. https://www.fitchratings.com/research/corporate-finance/shanghai-electric-group-co-ltd-26-10-2020
• Gang, F., & Hope, N. C. (2012). The Role of State-Owned Enterprises in the Chinese Economy. China-US Focus. https://www.chinausfocus.com/2022/wp-content/uploads/Part+02-Chapter+16.pdf
• Global Energy Monitor. (2020a). EMBA Hunutlu Power Station. https://www.gem.wiki/EMBA_Hunutlu_power_station
• Global Energy Monitor. (2020b). HEMA Amasra Power Station. https://www.gem.wiki/HEMA_Amasra_power_station Green Finance Leadership Program. (2018). Green Investment Principles for the Belt and Road. https://www.unpri.org/esg-issues
• Guan, J. (2019). Climate Change Policies in China. In Climate and Energy Protection in the EU and China (pp. 121–128). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99837-4_9
• Gundogan, A. C. (2017). China’s Role in Turkey’s Energy Future. https://www.cemgundogan.com/2017/09/27/chinas-role-in-turkeys-energy-future/
• Gunduzyeli, E. (2020). A Chinese Coal Plant Highlights Turkey’s Flawed Energy Policy. China Dialogue. https://chinadialogue.net/en/energy/a-chinese-coal-plant-highlights-turkeys-flawed-energy-policy/
• Hattat Holding. (2011). Holding Haberler. https://www.hattatholding.com/UserFiles/Content/aef694cd74e34b36ad584dc398ce90e9.pdf
• HT Solar. (2021). Hakkımızda. http://htsolar.com.tr/tr/hakkimizda/
• Huang, Y. (2017). Research on Chinese Energy Investment in Turkey under the Silk Road Strategy. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 94(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/94/1/012045
• İkiz, A. S. (2019). Tek Kuşak Tek Yol Projesi̇ Ve Türki̇ye’ye Olası Etki̇leri̇. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, December, 1688–1700. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.535844
• Imtilak Real Estate. (2020). China’s Largest Investment in Turkey. https://www.imtilak.net/en/articles/chinese-investments-in-turkey
• Inal, S., Karaman, E. A., & Celik, A. (2020). Türkiye’deki PV Panel Üretimi Pazar Araştırması. https://www.stantec.com/content/dam/stantec/files/PDFAssets/2020/stantec-market-report-pv-panel-manufacturing-turkey.pdf?utm_source=press-release&utm_medium=cta-click&utm_campaign=pv-panel-manufacturing-turkey
• International Energy Agency. (2019a). Coal Information 2019. IEA, 22 p. https://www.iea.org/reports/coal-information-2019
• International Energy Agency. (2019b). Global Energy & CO2 Status Report 2019. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-co2-status-report-2019/emissions
• Investopedia. (2020). 10 Biggest Banks in the World. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/122315/worlds-top-10-banks-jpm-wfc.asp
• Investopedia. (2021). Green Field vs. International Acquisition. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/greenfieldvsacquistion.asp
• IRENA. (2020a). Country Rankings. https://www.irena.org/Statistics/View-Data-by-Topic/Capacity-and-Generation/Country-Rankings
• IRENA. (2020b). Country Rankings. https://www.irena.org/Statistics/View-Data-by-Topic/Capacity-and-Generation/Country-Rankings
• Jinping, X. (2020). Geçmiş Başarılara Dayanarak ve Küresel İklim Eylemleri için Yeni Bir Yolculuk Başlatmak. Chinese Embassy in Turkey. http://tr.china-embassy.org/tur/xwdt/t1840050.htm
• Kara, M. (2020). Çin’de Nükleer Master’ı Yapacak Gençler Aranıyor. Dunya Gazetesi; Dünya Gazetesi. https://www.dunya.com/sektorler/enerji/cinde-nukleer-masteri-yapacak-gencler-araniyor-haberi-603472
• Karadag, A. (2020). Türkiye’ye Yatırım Yapan 9 Bin 11 Yabancı Vatandaşlık Kazandı. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/turkiyeye-yatirim-yapan-9-bin-11-yabanci-vatandaslik-kazandi/1865173
• Kelly, R., & Sokmen, A. (2019). Turkey Diagnostic. https://www.ebrd.com/where-we-are/turkey/overview.html
• KIT Komisyonu. (2016). Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Basın Açıklamaları. TBMM. https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/haber_portal.aciklama?p1=136740
• KTP Group. (2021). AVIC International Engineering Co., LTD. https://www.ktp-group.com/about-ktp/member-companies/avic-international-engineering-co-ltd/
• Leung, K. P. (2018). Chinese Investment in the EU’s Energy Sector. In Climate and Energy Protection in the EU and China. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99837-4_8
• Mann, C. C. (2014). Renewables Aren’t Enough. Clean Coal Is the Future. WIRED. https://www.wired.com/2014/03/clean-coal/
• Meng, F. (2019). The Rise of Trade Remedies in the Renewable Energy Sector and the Need for Bilateral Agreement Between the EU and China. In Climate and Energy Protection in the EU and China (pp. 73–84). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99837-4_5
• Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2016). Türkiye ve Çin Arasında Nükleer Enerji Alanında İş Birliğine Dair Mutabakat Zaptı İmzalandı. https://enerji.gov.tr/haber-detay?id=182
• Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2020a). Güneş Enerjisine Dayalı Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynak Alanları ve Bağlantı Kapasitelerinin Tahsisine İlişkin Şartname. https://www.solar.ist/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/GÜNEŞ-ENERJİSİNE-DAYALI-YENİLENEBİLİR-ENERJİ-KAYNAK-ALANLARI-VE-BAĞLANTI-KAPASİTELERİNİN-TAHSİSİNE-İLİŞKİN-ŞARTNAME.pdf
• Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2020b). Güneş Enerjisine Dayalı Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynak Alanları ve Bağlantı Kapasitelerinin Tahsisine İlişkin Yarışma İlanı. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/ilanlar/eskiilanlar/2020/07/20200703-4-10.pdf
• Ministry of Industry and Technology. (2021). Uluslararası Doğrudan Yatırım İstatistikleri. https://sanayi.gov.tr/istatistikler/yatirim-istatistikleri/mi0803011615
• Ministry of Trade. (2020). Free Trade Agreements. https://www.trade.gov.tr/free-trade-agreements
• Myllyvirta, L. (2020). Air Quality and Health Impacts of the Proposed EMBA Hunutlu Coal Power Project. CREA. https://adanayatemizhava.org/files/2020/06/CREA_Hunutlu-health-impacts-briefing.pdf
• Official Journal of the European Union. (2019). Commission Delegated Decision (EU) 2019/ 708 - of 15 February 2019. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32019D0708&from=EN
• Pietrobelli, C., Rabellotti, R., & Sanfilippo, M. (2011). Chinese FDI Strategy in Italy : The “Marco Polo” Effect. International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development, 4(4), 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTLID.2011.044138
• PitchBook. (2021). China Sunergy Co. Company Profile. https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/42093-28#overview
• PR Newswire. (2010). China Recycling Energy Corporation Announces the Signing of a Cooperation Agreement with Datong Coal Mining Group. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/china-recycling-energy-corporation-announces-the-signing-of-a-cooperation-agreement-with-datong-coal-mining-group-111514619.html
• Reuters. (2020). Romania’s Nuclearelectrica to end reactor talks with China’s CGN. https://uk.reuters.com/article/romania-nuclearelectrica/romanias-nuclearelectrica-to-end-reactor-talks-with-chinas-cgn-idUSL8N2DA0XN
• Roselund, C. (2018). United States Confirms Additional 25% Tariffs on Chinese Cells, Modules. PV Magazine USA. https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2018/08/07/united-states-confirms-additional-25-tariffs-on-chinese-cells-modules/
• Roselund, C. (2019). No more tariff-free modules from Turkey. PV Maganize USA. https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2019/05/23/no-more-tariff-free-modules-from-turkey/
• Sak, G. (2020). Paris Anlaşmasını Hemen Onaylayın. TEPAV. https://www.tepav.org.tr/tr/blog/s/6831/Paris+anlasmasini+hemen+onaylayin?s=08#.X-GMCIhoTpE.twitter
• SASAC. (2020). What we do. http://en.sasac.gov.cn/2018/07/17/c_7.htm
• Sattich, T., & Freeman, D. (2019). The EU and China: Energy Policy Interdependence: Interactions Between Internal Energy Policies of the EU and China. In Climate and Energy Protection in the EU and China (pp. 17–30). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99837-4_2
• Schneider, M., & Froggatt, A. (2019). The Current Status of the World Nuclear Industry. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25987-7_3
• Senel, İ. (2020). Chinese Investments in Turkey.
• Shangai Electric. (2021). Our Group. https://www.shanghai-electric.com/group_en/dqdzjtwmdqy/
• Shanghai Electric Power. (2019). SEP Completes Facility Agreement Signing for Turkey Hunutlu Thermal Power Plant Project under Belt and Road Initiative. http://www.shanghaipower.com/power/conpanynews/201907/t20190730_34297.html
• Sharma, J. (2019). China’s External Balance Sheet. Macrologue. https://macrologue.com/2019/10/17/chinas-external-balance-sheet/
• Silver, C. (2020). Countries by GDP: The Top 25 Economies in the World. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/insights/worlds-top-economies/
• Simsek, G. (2020). Güneşi Lobilerden Kurtarıp Yerlileştirebilir Miyiz? https://www.haberturk.com/yazarlar/guntay-simsek-1019/2747723-gunesi-lobilerden-kurtarip-yerlilestirebilir-miyiz
• Smith School of Enterprise and Environment. (2014). Top 20 Miners: Largest Listed Thermal Coal Mining Companies That Breach 30% Revenue Threshold. https://www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/research/sustainable-finance/news/SSEE_MSCI_Carbon_Data.pdf
• SWFI. (2021). Harbin Electric Corporation. https://www.swfinstitute.org/profile/598cdaa50124e9fd2d05b31a
• The State Council Information Office of China. (2018). China and the World Trade Organization. http://sl.china-embassy.org/eng/zt_1/WTO/
• The White House. (2019). Proclamation to Modify the List of Beneficiary Developing Countries Under the Trade Act of 1974. https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-modify-list-beneficiary-developing-countries-trade-act-1974/
• Turkey. (2015). Republic of Turkey Intended Nationally Determined Contribution. https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/submissions/INDC/Submission Pages/submissions.aspx
• Turkish Atomic Energy Authority. (2020). Agreements. https://www.taek.gov.tr/en/international/agreements.html
• TUSIAD. (2019). Understanding and Doing Business With China. https://tusiad.org/tr/yayinlar/raporlar/item/10553-cin-i-anlamak-cin-ile-i-s-yapmak-5-konferans-raporu
• United States Department of Energy. (2020). U.S. and Romania Announce Initial Agreement on Cooperation for the Cernavoda Nuclear Power Projects and Civil Nuclear Power Sector in Romania. https://www.energy.gov/articles/us-and-romania-announce-initial-agreement-cooperation-cernavoda-nuclear-power-projects-and
• United States Department of State. (2019). On the U.S. Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement. https://www.state.gov/on-the-u-s-withdrawal-from-the-paris-agreement/
• US Department of Justice. (2016). U.S. Nuclear Engineer, China General Nuclear Power Company and Energy Technology International Indicted in Nuclear Power Conspiracy against the United States. https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/us-nuclear-engineer-china-general-nuclear-power-company-and-energy-technology-international
• Uzun, Z. A. S., & Kavak, B. E. (2018). Turkey Looks to China for Third Nuclear Power Plant. Lexology. https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=d0b6672d-14e1-43d0-a5b3-c9750552f521
• World Bank. (2021). China Overview. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/china/overview
• World Nuclear News. (2015). Romania and China seal Cernavoda agreement - World Nuclear News. https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Romania-and-China-seal-Cernavoda-agreement-10111501.html
• World Nuclear News. (2018). Toshiba Sells Westinghouse-related Assets in USA. https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/C-Toshiba-sells-Westinghouse-related-assets-in-USA-0604185.html
• Xu, M., & Mason, J. (2018). China Aims to Supersize Coal Sector Through Mergers. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-coal-idUSKBN1EU0Q8
• Yesil Ekonomi. (2013). CSUN Türkiye’deki Fabrikasının Resmi Açılışını Yaptı. https://yesilekonomi.com/csun-turkiyedeki-fabrikasinin-resmi-acilisini-yapti/
• Yesil Ekonomi. (2019). Trump Türkiye’nin Güneş Paneli Ithalat Ayrıcalık Hakkını Kaldırdı. https://yesilekonomi.com/trump-turkiyenin-gunes-paneli-ithalat-ayricalik-hakkini-kaldirdi/