INVESTIGATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF DIFFERENT PLANT SOURCES OF ANATOLIAN PROPOLIS SAMPLES

Year 2023, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 37 - 48, 19.05.2023

Emine Sönmez

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1208667

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The ethnopharmacological approach combined with chemical and biological methods can be a useful model in the field of pharmacology. One of these approaches, apitherapy, is the use of bee and hive products for therapeutic purposes. Propolis is among the best known of these bee products. The chemical composition of propolis varies according to the local or endemic flora, bee species, geographical origin and season. This study is to determine the antimicrobial activity differences between chestnut and polyfloral origin propolis against various pathogenic bacterial species. First of all, the Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was used for the determination of bioactive components known to be responsible for antimicrobial activity. Folin-Ciocalteu method and colorimetric aluminum chloride assay were used to determine the total phenolic (TP) and flavonoid (TF) amounts. 19 different pathogenic microorganisms were selected to test the antimicrobial activity levels of propolis samples with agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. TP and TF values of chestnut propolis (71.06 mg GAE/mL-11.75 mg QE/mL) were significantly higher than polyfloral sample (36.84 mg GAE/mL-7.04 mg QE/mL). Chrysin, a flavone derivative, was the most abundant compound in both samples. The MIC values of chestnut propolis ranged from 19.5 to 2500 µg/mL, while the MIC value of polyfloral origin propolis was between 39.06 and 5000 µg/mL. The most susceptible strain was Mycobacterium smegmatis for both samples with different concentration. Notably, it was observed that the botanical origins affect the chemical composition of propolis, and this situation can also be effect antibacterial and antifungal activity in respective propolis because of the different amount and diversity of bioactive compounds. Consequently, chestnut propolis is a promising candidate for drug discovery that can be used to treat some infectious diseases, including diseases related with resistant bacteria.

Keywords

Chestnut propolis, total phenolic, flavonoid, phenolic composition, antimicrobial and antifungal activity

Farklı Bitki Kaynaklı Anadolu Propolis Örneklerinin Kimyasal İçeriği ve Antimikrobial Aktivitelerinin Araştırılması

Abstract

Kimyasal ve biyolojik yöntemlerin entegre çalışılması ile oluşturulan etnofarmakolojik yaklaşım, farmakoloji alanında faydalı bir model olabilir. Bu yaklaşımlardan biri olan apiterapi, arı ve kovan ürünlerinin tedavi amaçlı kullanılmasıdır. Bu arıcılık ürünleri içinde propolis, en iyi bilinenler arasındadır. Propolisin kimyasal bileşiminin yerel veya endemik floraya, arı ırkına, coğrafi kökene ve mevsime göre değiştiği bilinmektedir. Bu bilgiler doğrultusunda çalışma, kestane ve polifloral orijinli propolis örneklerinin farklı patojenik mikroorganizma suşlarına karşı antimikrobiyal aktivite farklılıklarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Antimikrobiyal aktiviteden sorumlu olduğu bilinen biyoaktif bileşenlerin tayini için öncelikle Sıvı Kromatografi-Kütle Spektrometresi (LC-MS/MS) yöntemi kullanıldı. Toplam fenolik (TP) ve flavonoid (TF) miktarlarını belirlemek için Folin-Ciocalteau yöntemi ve kolorimetrik alüminyum klorür testleri kullanıldı. Propolis örneklerinin antimikrobiyal aktivite düzeyleri seçilen 19 farklı patojenik mikroorganizmaya karşı agar kuyu difüzyonu ve minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MIC) yöntemleri ile belirlendi. Kestane propolisinin TP ve TF değerleri (71.06 mg GAE/mL-11.75 mg QE/mL), polifloral örnekle (36.84 mg GAE/mL-7.04 mg QE/mL) kıyaslandığında anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunmuştur. Bir flavon türevi olan Chrysin, her iki örnekte de en yüksek oranda bulunan bileşik olarak tespit edildi. Kestane propolisinin MİK değerleri 19,5 ile 2500 µg/mL arasında değişirken, polifloral orijinli propolisin MİK değeri 39,06 ile 5000 µg/mL arasında belirlendi. Her iki örneğe karşı farklı konsantrasyonlarda en duyarlı suş Mycobacterium smegmatis’di. Bu çalışma ile botanik orijinlerin propolisin kimyasal bileşimini etkilediği ve bu durumun biyoaktif bileşiklerin farklı miktar ve çeşitliliğinden dolayı ilgili propoliste antibakteriyel ve antifungal aktiviteyi de etkileyebileceği doğrulandı. Sonuç olarak, kestane propolisi, dirençli bakteriler de dahil olmak üzere bazı bulaşıcı hastalıkları tedavi etmek amacıyla kullanılabilecek ilaç geliştirme çalışmaları için umut vaad edici bir aday olarak kullanılabileceği önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Kestane propolisi, toplam fenolik madde, flavonoid, fenolik kompozisyon, antimikrobiyal ve antifungal aktivite

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