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IDENTIFICATION OF THE BOTANICAL ORIGIN AND DETERMINATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF HONEY SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM THE SARY-CHELEK BIOSPHERE RESERVE OF KYRGYZSTAN

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 64 - 78, 29.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1423188

Abstract

Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve is one of the richest rare flora and animal reserves in Kyrgyzstan. The natural environment of the Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve is exceptionally favourable to high-quality honey production. Botanical authenticity is the main factor influencing honey prices, as it has a direct impact on the quality of honey. Producing monofloral honey in a natural landscape is challenging because, throughout the beekeeping season, multiple melliferous plants bloom at the same time. The article describes for the first time the botanical origin and physicochemical characteristics of honey collected in this biosphere reserve and also determines the influence of the dominant honey plant on organoleptic, physicochemical, and food safety indicators. Pollen grains of 50 taxa of nectar sources and about 10 taxa of pollen sources were identified. There were unique plant pollens in the samples; nine of the samples were monofloral honey—three of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), four of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and two of eremurus (Eremurus fuscus O.Fedtsch), and eight samples were polyfloral honey. High diastase activity was found in samples of thyme honey (41.1 ± 2.9 Gothe) and in samples of sage honey (31.3 ± 2.2 Gothe). The physicochemical and food safety parameters of the honey samples comply with the established norms and international standards.

References

  • AdgabaN, Al-Ghamdi AA., Getachew A, Tadesse Y, Belay A, Ansari MJ, Sharma D. Characterization of honeys by their botanical and geographical origins based on physicochemical properties and chemo-metrics analysis. J. Food Meas. Charact. 2017;11(3):1106–1117. https://doi.10.1007/s11694-017-9487-4.
  • Beiranvand M, Beiranvand F. Iranian plant Eremuruspersicus: an overview of botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Nat. Prod. Res. 2022;36(10):2692-2705. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2021.1916744.
  • Bogdanov S, Martin P, Lüllmann C. Harmonised methods of the European Honey Commission. Apidologie. 1997;(Extra issue):1-59. Burmistrov AN. Melliferous plants and their pollen grains. Moscow, Russia, 1990, p. 192.
  • Cantarello, E., Lovegrove, A., Orozumbekov, A., Birch, J., Brouwers, N., & Newton, A. C. Human impacts on forest biodiversity in protected walnut-fruit forests in Kyrgyzstan. J. Sustain, 2014;33(5):454-481.
  • Codex Alimentarius. Revised Codex Standard for Honey, Standards and Standard Methods. Codex Alimentarius Commission FAO/OMS. 2001;11(1987):7.
  • Council EU. Council Directive 2001/110/EC of 20 December 2001 relating to honey. Off. J. Eur. Commun. L. 2001; 10:47–52.
  • Duisenov EE, Aitmatova UA. Comprehensive legal analysis of the network of specially protected natural areas in the Kyrgyz Republic. Int. J. of Appl. Fundam. Res. 2016;8(3):468-472.
  • Durmishi B, Knights V, Mehmeti I, Stamatovska V, Nuha D, Rizani S, Bytyçi P, Haziri V, Sadiku V. Determining the quality of honey in the region of Kosova with physiochemical analysis. U. Arı. D.-U. Bee J. 2023;23(2):202-14. https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1349616.
  • Farooq MA, Ali S, Hassan A, Tahir H M, Mumtaz S, Mumtaz Sh. Biosynthesis and industrial applications of α-amylase: a review. Arch.Microbiol, 2021:203;1281–1292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02128-y.
  • GOST 31769-2012 Honey. Determination of the relative frequency of pollen.
  • GOST 19792-2017 Natural honey. Technical specifications, Interstate council for standardisation, metrology, and certification,2019, p.16.
  • GOST 34232-2017 Honey. Methods for determining sucrase activity, diastase number, insoluble substances, Interstate council for standardisation, metrology, and certification, 2017, p.15.
  • Gürbüz S, Çak N, Mehmetoğlu S, Atmaca H, Demir T, Apan AM, Atmaca Ö, Güney F. Physicochemical quality characteristics of southeastern Anatolia honey, Turkey. Int. J. Anal. Chem. 2020;8810029. https://doi.10.1155/2020/8810029.
  • Huidobro JF, Santana FJ, Sánchez MP, Sancho MT. Diastase, invertase und glycosidase activities in fresh honey from northwest Spain. J.Apic. Res. 1995;34(1):39-44J.https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.1995.11100884.
  • Ionov RN, Lebedeva LP. Flora of Kyrgyzstan. BPI NAS RK. Proceedings of the ecological conference, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 2002, p. 46-55.
  • Ishenbayeva NN, Kurmanov RG, KerimalievZhK, Giniyatullin MG, Research of quality indicators of different types of honey in Kyrgyzstan. Vestnik Bashkir State Agr. Univ.2021; 4:72-78. https://doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2021-60-4-72-80.
  • ISO 5492 Sensory analysis – Vocabulary, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, (http://www.iso.org), 2009.
  • ISO 6658, 2005 Sensory Analysis — Methodology — General Guidance.International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, (http://www.iso.org), 2009.
  • Kadyrova K, Smanalieva J, Determination of physico-chemical properties of honey from mountainous and lowland regions of Kyrgyzstan. Manas J. Eng. 2017;5(1):29-34 https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mjen/issue/40447/484347.
  • Krauze A, Zalewski RI. Classification of honeys by principal component analysis on the basis of chemical and physical parameters. Z Lebensm-Unters-Forsch, 1991;192(1):19-23.
  • Kenjerić D, Primorac LJ, Mandić ML, Bubalo D, Perl Pirički A, Flanjak I. Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L L.) honey characterization. Dtsch. Lebensmitt. Rundsch. 2006; 102:479-484.
  • Kurmanov RG, Ishbirdin AR. Atlas of pollen. Ufa, Gilem, 2013, p.299. Louveaux J, Maurizio A, Vorwohl G. Methods of melissopalynology. Bee World, 1978;59:139–157.
  • Majewska E, Drużyńska B, Wołosiak R. Determination of the botanical origin of honeybee honeys based on the analysis of their selected physicochemical parameters coupled with chemometric assays. Food Sci.Biotechnol.2019;28:1307–1314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00598-5.
  • Mazhi̇tova A, Smanali̇eva J. Amino acid composition and some physicochemical parameters of multi-floral honey from mountainous regions of Kyrgyzstan. U.Arı. D.-U.Bee J. 2022;22(2):188-202. https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1143337.
  • Moore PD, Webb JA. Pollen analysis, Black well scientific publication, 1991, p.216.
  • Özkök A, Koru Ö, Sorkun K. Microbiological analysis and antibacterial effects of Turkish thyme honey, Bee World, 2016;93(4):98-101, https://doi.10.1080/0005772X.2016.1275489.
  • Pita-Calvo C, VázquezM.. Differences between honeydew and blossom honeys: A review. Trends Food Sci. Technol.2017;59: 79-87.
  • Piana M, Oddo LP, Bentabol A, Bruneau E, Bogdanov S, & Declerck C. Sensory analysis applied to honey: state of the art. Apidologie 2004; 35.
  • Oddo LP, Piro R, Bruneau É, Guyot-Declerck C, Ivanov T, Piskulová J, Ruoff, K. Main European monofloral honeys: descriptive sheets. Apidologie 2004;35(Suppl. 1):38-81. https://doi.10.1051/apido:2004049
  • Sanz ML, Gonzalez M, De Lorenzo C, Sanz J, Martınez-Castron I. A contribution to the differentiation between nectar honey and honeydew honey. Food Chem. 2005;91(2):313-317.
  • Serrano S, Villarejo M, Espejo R, Jodral M. Chemical and physical parameters of Andalusian honey: classification of Citrus and Eucalyptus honeys by discriminate analysis. J. Food Chem. 2004; 87:619-625.
  • Smanalieva J, Senge B. Analytical and rheological investigations into selected monofloral German honey. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2009;229(1):107-113. https://doi.10.1007/s00217-009-1031-2.
  • Smanalieva J. Ermittlung funktioneller und materialwissenschaftlicher Kennwerte von ausgewählten Honigsorten. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008, p.180.
  • Solak AO, Çakmak İ, Tosunoglu A. Pollen Preferences of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) on Marmara Island. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature. J. Apitheraphy. Nat. 2023;6(2):41-56 https://doi.10.35206/jan.1377566.
  • TR CU 021 Technical regulation of the Customs union "On the Safety of Food Products", 2011, p.160.
  • Tsagkaris AS, Koulis GA, Danezis GP, Martakos I, Dasenaki M, Georgiou CA, Thomaidis NS. Honey authenticity: Analytical techniques, state of the art and challenges. Rsc. Advances. 2021;11(19):11273-11294.
  • Thrasyvoulou, A., Tananaki, C., Goras, G., Karazafiris, E., Dimou, M., Liolios, V., Gounari, S. Legislation of honey criteria and standards. J. Apic. Res. 2018;57(1):88-96.
  • Umurakov SU, Azykova EK, Gvozdetsky NA. Atlas of Kyrgyz SSR. Natural conditions and resources. GUGK, Moscow, USSR, 1987, p.157.
  • Von der Ohe W, Oddo, Piana M, Morlot M, Martin P. Harmonized methods of melissopalynology, Apidologie, 2004;35:18-25.
  • UNEP-WCMC (2024). Protected Area Profile for Sary-Chelekskiy from the World Database on Protected Areas, March 2024. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net.

Kırgızistan'ın Sarı-Çelek Biyosfer Rezervinden Toplanan Bal Örneklerinin Botanik Kökeninin ve Fizikokimyasal Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 64 - 78, 29.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1423188

Abstract

Sary-Chelek Biyosfer Rezervi, Kırgızistan'daki en zengin nadir bitki örtüsü ve hayvan rezervlerinden biridir. Sary-Chelek Biyosfer Rezervi'nin doğal ortamı, yüksek kaliteli bal üretimi için son derece elverişlidir. Botanik özgünlük, balın kalitesi üzerinde doğrudan bir etkiye sahip olduğu için bal fiyatlarını etkileyen ana faktördür. Doğal bir peyzajda tek çiçekli bal üretmek zordur çünkü arıcılık sezonu boyunca birden fazla melez bitki aynı anda çiçek açar. Bu makale, bu biyosfer rezervinde toplanan balın botanik kökenini ve fizikokimyasal özelliklerini ilk kez tanımlamakta ve ayrıca baskın bal bitkisinin organoleptik, fizikokimyasal ve gıda güvenliği göstergeleri üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektedir. Nektar kaynaklarının 50 taksonuna ait polen taneleri ve polen kaynaklarının yaklaşık 10 taksonu tanımlanmıştır. Örneklerde benzersiz bitki polenleri vardı; örneklerin dokuzu monofloral baldı - üçü adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.), dördü kekik (Thymus vulgaris L.) ve ikisi eremurus (Eremurus fuscus O. Fedtsch) ve sekiz örnek polifloral baldı. Yüksek diastaz aktivitesi kekik balı (41.1 ± 2.9 Gothe) ve adaçayı balı (31.3 ± 2.2 Gothe) örneklerinde bulunmuştur. Bal örneklerinin fizikokimyasal ve gıda güvenliği parametreleri belirlenmiş normlara ve uluslararası standartlara uygundur.

References

  • AdgabaN, Al-Ghamdi AA., Getachew A, Tadesse Y, Belay A, Ansari MJ, Sharma D. Characterization of honeys by their botanical and geographical origins based on physicochemical properties and chemo-metrics analysis. J. Food Meas. Charact. 2017;11(3):1106–1117. https://doi.10.1007/s11694-017-9487-4.
  • Beiranvand M, Beiranvand F. Iranian plant Eremuruspersicus: an overview of botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Nat. Prod. Res. 2022;36(10):2692-2705. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2021.1916744.
  • Bogdanov S, Martin P, Lüllmann C. Harmonised methods of the European Honey Commission. Apidologie. 1997;(Extra issue):1-59. Burmistrov AN. Melliferous plants and their pollen grains. Moscow, Russia, 1990, p. 192.
  • Cantarello, E., Lovegrove, A., Orozumbekov, A., Birch, J., Brouwers, N., & Newton, A. C. Human impacts on forest biodiversity in protected walnut-fruit forests in Kyrgyzstan. J. Sustain, 2014;33(5):454-481.
  • Codex Alimentarius. Revised Codex Standard for Honey, Standards and Standard Methods. Codex Alimentarius Commission FAO/OMS. 2001;11(1987):7.
  • Council EU. Council Directive 2001/110/EC of 20 December 2001 relating to honey. Off. J. Eur. Commun. L. 2001; 10:47–52.
  • Duisenov EE, Aitmatova UA. Comprehensive legal analysis of the network of specially protected natural areas in the Kyrgyz Republic. Int. J. of Appl. Fundam. Res. 2016;8(3):468-472.
  • Durmishi B, Knights V, Mehmeti I, Stamatovska V, Nuha D, Rizani S, Bytyçi P, Haziri V, Sadiku V. Determining the quality of honey in the region of Kosova with physiochemical analysis. U. Arı. D.-U. Bee J. 2023;23(2):202-14. https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1349616.
  • Farooq MA, Ali S, Hassan A, Tahir H M, Mumtaz S, Mumtaz Sh. Biosynthesis and industrial applications of α-amylase: a review. Arch.Microbiol, 2021:203;1281–1292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02128-y.
  • GOST 31769-2012 Honey. Determination of the relative frequency of pollen.
  • GOST 19792-2017 Natural honey. Technical specifications, Interstate council for standardisation, metrology, and certification,2019, p.16.
  • GOST 34232-2017 Honey. Methods for determining sucrase activity, diastase number, insoluble substances, Interstate council for standardisation, metrology, and certification, 2017, p.15.
  • Gürbüz S, Çak N, Mehmetoğlu S, Atmaca H, Demir T, Apan AM, Atmaca Ö, Güney F. Physicochemical quality characteristics of southeastern Anatolia honey, Turkey. Int. J. Anal. Chem. 2020;8810029. https://doi.10.1155/2020/8810029.
  • Huidobro JF, Santana FJ, Sánchez MP, Sancho MT. Diastase, invertase und glycosidase activities in fresh honey from northwest Spain. J.Apic. Res. 1995;34(1):39-44J.https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.1995.11100884.
  • Ionov RN, Lebedeva LP. Flora of Kyrgyzstan. BPI NAS RK. Proceedings of the ecological conference, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 2002, p. 46-55.
  • Ishenbayeva NN, Kurmanov RG, KerimalievZhK, Giniyatullin MG, Research of quality indicators of different types of honey in Kyrgyzstan. Vestnik Bashkir State Agr. Univ.2021; 4:72-78. https://doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2021-60-4-72-80.
  • ISO 5492 Sensory analysis – Vocabulary, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, (http://www.iso.org), 2009.
  • ISO 6658, 2005 Sensory Analysis — Methodology — General Guidance.International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, (http://www.iso.org), 2009.
  • Kadyrova K, Smanalieva J, Determination of physico-chemical properties of honey from mountainous and lowland regions of Kyrgyzstan. Manas J. Eng. 2017;5(1):29-34 https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mjen/issue/40447/484347.
  • Krauze A, Zalewski RI. Classification of honeys by principal component analysis on the basis of chemical and physical parameters. Z Lebensm-Unters-Forsch, 1991;192(1):19-23.
  • Kenjerić D, Primorac LJ, Mandić ML, Bubalo D, Perl Pirički A, Flanjak I. Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L L.) honey characterization. Dtsch. Lebensmitt. Rundsch. 2006; 102:479-484.
  • Kurmanov RG, Ishbirdin AR. Atlas of pollen. Ufa, Gilem, 2013, p.299. Louveaux J, Maurizio A, Vorwohl G. Methods of melissopalynology. Bee World, 1978;59:139–157.
  • Majewska E, Drużyńska B, Wołosiak R. Determination of the botanical origin of honeybee honeys based on the analysis of their selected physicochemical parameters coupled with chemometric assays. Food Sci.Biotechnol.2019;28:1307–1314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00598-5.
  • Mazhi̇tova A, Smanali̇eva J. Amino acid composition and some physicochemical parameters of multi-floral honey from mountainous regions of Kyrgyzstan. U.Arı. D.-U.Bee J. 2022;22(2):188-202. https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1143337.
  • Moore PD, Webb JA. Pollen analysis, Black well scientific publication, 1991, p.216.
  • Özkök A, Koru Ö, Sorkun K. Microbiological analysis and antibacterial effects of Turkish thyme honey, Bee World, 2016;93(4):98-101, https://doi.10.1080/0005772X.2016.1275489.
  • Pita-Calvo C, VázquezM.. Differences between honeydew and blossom honeys: A review. Trends Food Sci. Technol.2017;59: 79-87.
  • Piana M, Oddo LP, Bentabol A, Bruneau E, Bogdanov S, & Declerck C. Sensory analysis applied to honey: state of the art. Apidologie 2004; 35.
  • Oddo LP, Piro R, Bruneau É, Guyot-Declerck C, Ivanov T, Piskulová J, Ruoff, K. Main European monofloral honeys: descriptive sheets. Apidologie 2004;35(Suppl. 1):38-81. https://doi.10.1051/apido:2004049
  • Sanz ML, Gonzalez M, De Lorenzo C, Sanz J, Martınez-Castron I. A contribution to the differentiation between nectar honey and honeydew honey. Food Chem. 2005;91(2):313-317.
  • Serrano S, Villarejo M, Espejo R, Jodral M. Chemical and physical parameters of Andalusian honey: classification of Citrus and Eucalyptus honeys by discriminate analysis. J. Food Chem. 2004; 87:619-625.
  • Smanalieva J, Senge B. Analytical and rheological investigations into selected monofloral German honey. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2009;229(1):107-113. https://doi.10.1007/s00217-009-1031-2.
  • Smanalieva J. Ermittlung funktioneller und materialwissenschaftlicher Kennwerte von ausgewählten Honigsorten. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008, p.180.
  • Solak AO, Çakmak İ, Tosunoglu A. Pollen Preferences of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) on Marmara Island. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature. J. Apitheraphy. Nat. 2023;6(2):41-56 https://doi.10.35206/jan.1377566.
  • TR CU 021 Technical regulation of the Customs union "On the Safety of Food Products", 2011, p.160.
  • Tsagkaris AS, Koulis GA, Danezis GP, Martakos I, Dasenaki M, Georgiou CA, Thomaidis NS. Honey authenticity: Analytical techniques, state of the art and challenges. Rsc. Advances. 2021;11(19):11273-11294.
  • Thrasyvoulou, A., Tananaki, C., Goras, G., Karazafiris, E., Dimou, M., Liolios, V., Gounari, S. Legislation of honey criteria and standards. J. Apic. Res. 2018;57(1):88-96.
  • Umurakov SU, Azykova EK, Gvozdetsky NA. Atlas of Kyrgyz SSR. Natural conditions and resources. GUGK, Moscow, USSR, 1987, p.157.
  • Von der Ohe W, Oddo, Piana M, Morlot M, Martin P. Harmonized methods of melissopalynology, Apidologie, 2004;35:18-25.
  • UNEP-WCMC (2024). Protected Area Profile for Sary-Chelekskiy from the World Database on Protected Areas, March 2024. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Field Crops and Pasture Production (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nazgül Ishenbaeva This is me 0009-0003-4388-5777

Mukarama Musulmanova This is me 0000-0002-4205-2875

Jamila Smanalıeva 0000-0002-3929-4291

Early Pub Date May 25, 2024
Publication Date May 29, 2024
Submission Date January 28, 2024
Acceptance Date April 15, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 24 Issue: 1

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Vancouver Ishenbaeva N, Musulmanova M, Smanalıeva J. IDENTIFICATION OF THE BOTANICAL ORIGIN AND DETERMINATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF HONEY SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM THE SARY-CHELEK BIOSPHERE RESERVE OF KYRGYZSTAN. U. Arı. D.-U. Bee J. 2024;24(1):64-78.

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