Structure–Mechanical Property Correlation in Ba(C2H3O2)2 added Bi-2212 Ceramics: Identifying Optimal Doping via Semi-Empirical Hardness Modeling

Year 2025, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 577 - 589, 30.11.2025

Ali Serol Ertürk , Mustafa Burak Türköz , Ümit Erdem , Gürcan Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.29137/ijerad.1764808

Abstract

This comprehensive study investigates the effect of barium acetate (Ba(C2H3O2)2) impurity ion addition, in the range of 0.00–0.12 mole-to-mole ratios, on the key mechanical performance, characteristics and true mechanical microhardness (Hv) in the plateau limit (PL) areas of bulk Bi2.1Sr2.0Ca1.1Cu2.0Oᵧ+(Ba(C2H3O2)2)x ceramic structures, using microhardness measurement tests under applied loads intervals 0.295 N to 2.940 N. A suite of semi-empirical mechanical modeling approaches, including elastic/plastic deformation (EPD), Meyer’s Law (ML), modified proportional sample resistance (MPSR), proportional sample resistance (PSR), and Hays–Kendall (HK) mechanical approaches is employed to evaluate changes in mechanical performance within the PL regions. The results show that the incorporation of Ba(C2H3O2)2 impurity ion addition progressively degrades intrinsic slip systems and mechanical durability. As a result, undoped Bi-2212 ceramic structure exhibits the lowest sensitivity to external loads, while the most heavily doped composition displays the highest susceptibility to applied loads. All Bi2.1Sr2.0Ca1.1Cu2.0Oᵧ+(Ba(C2H3O2)2)x ceramic structures ceramics exhibit the characteristic indentation size effect (ISE) performance. Among the mechanical investigation models examined, the HK approach yields hardness values in the plateau regions that most closely match the experimentally measured Hv parameters, confirming its superiority and reliability for the mechanical characterization of Bi-2212 systems containing barium acetate impurity ions.

Keywords

Bi-2212 phase , Ba(C2H3O2)2 addition , Hv , true Hv values , HK mechanical approach

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