<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>int j sport, exerc &amp; train sci</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences - IJSETS</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2149-8229</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2149-8229</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>İbrahim ERDEMİR</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18826/useeabd.1900018</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Sport and Exercise Psychology</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Spor ve Egzersiz Psikolojisi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Sporda Mükemmeliyetçiliğin İkili Yolları: Başarı Hedeflerinin ve Sahtekarlık Fenomeninin Spor Karakterini Yordamadaki Rolleri</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Dual Pathways of Perfectionism in Sport: The Roles of Achievement Goals and the Impostor Phenomenon in Predicting Sport Character</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8849-9904</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Terzioğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Zeynep Ayça</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ANTALYA BİLİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SİVİL HAVACILIK YÜKSEKOKULU</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0931-3647</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kağan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sertan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>DOĞU AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260330">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>12</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>40</fpage>
                                        <lpage>55</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260301">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>01</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260329">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>29</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences - IJSETS</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences - IJSETS</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Amaç: Bu çalışmada, bireysel ve takım sporcularının çok boyutlu mükemmeliyetçiliği, başarı hedefi yönelimleri, sahtekarlık sendromu ve spor karakteri arasındaki ilişkilerin yapısal eşitlik modelleme yaklaşımı bağlamında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma, sporcuların mükemmeliyetçiliği, başarı hedefi yönelimleri, sahtekarlık sendromu ve spor karakteri arasındaki ilişkileri teorik temelli bir yapısal model içinde incelemek için kesitsel bir tasarım kullanmıştır. Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (YEM), gizli yapılar arasındaki hem tahmin edici hem de aracı ilişkilerin değerlendirilmesine olanak tanıyan doğrudan ve dolaylı yolları eş zamanlı olarak test etmek için kullanılmıştır. Model uyumu, belirlenmiş kesme kriterlerine uygun olarak standart uyum indeksleri (χ², CFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Yapısal modelden elde edilen sonuçlar, spordaki çok boyutlu mükemmeliyetçiliğin başarı motivasyonunu pozitif olarak (β = .41) ve sahtekarlık sendromunu güçlü bir şekilde (β = .74) tahmin ettiğini göstermiştir. Başarı motivasyonu, spor karakteriyle pozitif olarak ilişkilendirilirken (β = .29), sahtekarlık sendromu spor karakterini negatif olarak öngörmüştür (β = −.21). Sonuç: Bulgular, mükemmeliyetçiliğin spordaki ikili rolünü vurgulayarak, uyumlu motivasyonel yollar ve uyumsuz sahtekarlıkla ilgili süreçler aracılığıyla spor karakteriyle ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, spor bağlamlarında karakter gelişimini daha iyi anlamak ve desteklemek için sporcuların motivasyonel yönelimlerinin yanı sıra öz değerlendirme eğilimlerini de ele almanın önemini vurgulamaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Aim: This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect relationships among athletes’ multidimensional perfectionism, achievement goals, the impostor phenomenon, and sport character using structural equation modeling. Method: A cross-sectional design was employed with a sample of 278 athletes (Mage = 22.16). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test direct and indirect paths simultaneously. Model fit was evaluated using standard fit indices (χ², CFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR). Results: Multidimensional perfectionism positively predicted achievement goals (β = 0.41) and strongly predicted the impostor phenomenon (β = 0.74). Achievement goals were positively associated with sport character (β = 0.29), whereas the impostor phenomenon negatively predicted sport character (β = −0.21). The model explained 16.9% of the variance in achievement goals, 54.7% in the impostor phenomenon, and 6.2% in sport character. The indirect effect of perfectionism on sport character via the impostor phenomenon was not significant. Conclusion: The findings indicate that perfectionism operates through parallel processes rather than a single mediational pathway. While achievement goals function as an adaptive mechanism enhancing sport character, the impostor phenomenon represents a maladaptive pathway associated with reduced character-related outcomes. The study provides an integrative model that brings together motivational and self-evaluative processes in explaining sport character, contributing to a more differentiated understanding of perfectionism in sport contexts.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Achievement goals</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Impostor phenomenon</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Perfectionism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Sport character</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Structural equation modeling</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Başarı hedefleri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İmposter fenomeni</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Mükemmeliyetçilik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Spor karakteri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Yapısal eşitlik Modeli</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Adell, F. L., Castillo, I., &amp; Álvarez, O. (2019). Personal and sport values, goal orientations, and moral attitudes in youth basketball. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 28(1), 100-105.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Agans, J. P., Su, S., &amp; Ettekal, A. V. (2018). Peer motivational climate and character development: Testing a practitioner-developed youth sport model. Journal of Adolescence, 62, 108-115.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.11.008</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Appleton, P. R., &amp; Hill, A. P. (2012). Perfectionism and athlete burnout in junior elite athletes: The mediating role of motivation regulations. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 6(2), 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.6.2.129</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Baron, R. M., &amp; Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Boardley, I. D., &amp; Kavussanu, M. (2011). Moral disengagement in sport. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4(2), 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2011.570361</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bravata, D. M., Watts, S. A., Keefer, A. L., Madhusudhan, D. K., Taylor, K. T., Clark, D. M., &amp;Nelson, R., … (2020). Prevalence, predictors, and treatment of impostor syndrome: A systematic review. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(4), 1252-1275.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bredemeier, B., &amp; Shields, D. (2006). Sports and character development. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 3(2), 255-256. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.3.2.255</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Browne, M. W., &amp; Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen &amp; J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Camiré, M., &amp; Trudel, P. (2010). High school athletes’ perspectives on character development through sportparticipation. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 15(2), 193-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980902877617</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Clance, P. R. (1985). The impostor phenomenon: Overcoming the fear that haunts your success. Peachtree.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Clance, P. R., &amp; Imes, S. A. (1978). The impostor phenomenon in high achieving women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 15(3), 241-247.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cokley, K., Stone, S., Krueger, N., Bailey, M., Garba, R., &amp; Hurst, A. (2018). Self-esteem as a mediator of the link between perfectionism and the impostor phenomenon. Personality and Individual Differences, 135, 292–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.032</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Conroy, D. E., Elliot, A. J., &amp; Hofer, S. M. (2003). A 2x2 achievement goals questionnaire for sport: Evidence for factorial invariance, temporal stability, and external validity. Journal of Sport &amp; Exercise Psychology, 25(4), 456-476. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.4.456</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Creswell, J. W., &amp; Creswell, J. D. (2022). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methodsapproaches (6th ed.). Sage Publications.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çepikkurt, F. (2011). Üniversiteli hentbolcuların mükemmeliyetçilik ve kaygı düzeyleri ile başarı hedefleri ve müsabaka sonuçlarına yaptıkları yükleme biçimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dunn, J. G., Dunn, J. C., &amp; Syrotuik, D. G. (2002). Relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and goalorientations in sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24, 376–395. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.24.4.376</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dunn, J. G., Gotwals, J. K., &amp; Dunn, J. C. (2005). An examination of the domain specificity of perfectionism among intercollegiate student-athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1439–1448.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.09.009</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Elliot, A. J. (1999). Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals. Educational Psychologist, 34(3), 169-189. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3403_3</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Elliot, A. J., &amp; Church, M. A. (1997). A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(1), 218–232. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.1.218</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Elliot, A. J., &amp; Harackiewicz, J. M. (1996). Approach and avoidance achievement goals and intrinsic motivation: A mediational analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 461-475.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Elliot, A. J., &amp; McGregor, H. A. (2001). A 2X2 achievement goal framework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(3), 501-519. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.3.501</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Feenstra, S., Begeny, C. T., Ryan, M. K., Rink, F. A., Stoker, J. I., &amp; Jordan, J. (2020). Contextualizing the impostor “syndrome”. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 575024. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.575024</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fleming, D. J. M., Hill, A. P., Olsson, L. F., Mallinson-Howard, S. H., &amp; Dorsch, T. E. (2025). Interactive effects of perfectionism on competitive golf performance: A multi-level analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 81, 102952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102952</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gäde, J. C., Schermelleh-Engel, K., &amp; Klein, A. G. (2017). Disentangling the common variance of perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns: A bifactor model of perfectionism. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 160. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00160</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gentile, A., Milovanovic, I., Pišot, S., Bianco, A., &amp; Lavanco, G. (2022). Moral disengagement in youth athletes: A narrative review. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 7(2), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7020033</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gonçalves, C. E., e Silva, M. J. C., Cruz, J., Torregrosa, M., &amp; Cumming, S. (2010). The effect of achievement goals on moral attitudes in young athletes. Journal of Sports Science &amp; Medicine, 9(4), 605-611.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">González-Hernández, J., Capilla Díaz, C., &amp; Gómez-López, M. (2019). Impulsiveness and cognitive patterns. Understanding the perfectionistic responses in Spanish competitive junior athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1605. https://doi.org//10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01605</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Görgüt, İ., &amp; Tuncel, S. (2017). Spor karakter ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(3), 149-156.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gu, Y., &amp; Cheng, L. (2026). A systematic review and meta-analysis of motivational climate and youth sport outcomes: Examining a hierarchical effects model. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1716745. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1716745</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hair, J. F., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., &amp; Black, W. C. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Pearson Prentice.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hill, A. P. (2016). Introduction: Conceptualising perfectionism in sport, dance and exercise. In A. P. Hill (Ed.), The psychology of perfectionism in sport, dance and exercise (pp. 1–3). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315661100</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hill, A. P., &amp; Curran, T. (2016). Multidimensional perfectionism and burnout: A meta-analysis. Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, 20(3), 269–288.https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868315596286</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hill, A. P., &amp; Gotwals, J. K. (2025). A meta-analysis of multidimensional perfectionism and imposter phenomenon. Journal of Research in Personality, 104639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104639</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hill, A. P., &amp; Madigan, D. J. (2017). A short review of perfectionism in sport, dance and exercise: Out with the old, in with the 2× 2. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16, 72-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.021</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hill, A. P., Hall, H. K., &amp; Appleton, P. R. (2010). Perfectionism and athlete burnout in junior elite athletes: The mediating role of coping tendencies. Anxiety, Stress, &amp; Coping, 23(4), 415-430.  https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800903330966</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hill, A. P., Madigan, D. J., Curran, T., Jowett, G. E., &amp; Rumbold, J. L. (2024). Exploring and evaluating the two-factor model of perfectionism in sport. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 42(6), 612-634. https://doi.org/10.1177/07342829241231149</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hill, A. P., Mallinson‐Howard, S. H., Madigan, D. J., &amp; Jowett, G. E. (2020). Perfectionism in sport, dance, and exercise: An extended review and reanalysis. In G. Tenenbaum &amp; R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (4th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 121–157). John Wiley &amp; Sons.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Houltberg, B. J., Wang, K. T., Qi, W., &amp; Nelson, C. S. (2018). Self-narrative profiles of elite athletes and comparisons on psychological well-being. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 89(3), 354-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2018.1481919</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hu, L., &amp; Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jang, C. Y. (2013). Development and validation of the sport character scale. Doctoral Thesis, The University of Utah.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jowett, G. E., Hill, A. P., Hall, H. K., &amp; Curran, T. (2016). Perfectionism, burnout and engagement in youth sport: The mediating role of basic psychological needs. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 24, 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.01.001</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kavussanu, M. (2008). Moral behaviour in sport: a critical review of the literature. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(2), 124–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/17509840802277417</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kavussanu, M., &amp; Al-Yaaribi, A. (2021). Prosocial and antisocial behaviour in sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19(2), 179–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2019.1674681</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kavussanu, M., &amp; Roberts, G. C. (2001). Moral functioning in sport: An achievement goal perspective. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 23(1), 37-54.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kavussanu, M., &amp; Stanger, N. (2017). Moral behavior in sport. In G. Tenenbaum &amp; R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (4th ed., pp. 407–434). Wiley.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kazak Çetinkalp, Z. (2009). Sporda hür irade kuramı ve başarı hedefi kuramının değerlendirilmesi. Doktora Tezi,Ege Üniversitesi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kenny, D. A., Kaniskan, B., &amp; McCoach, D. B. (2015). The performance of RMSEA in models with small degreesof freedom. Sociological Methods &amp; Research, 44(3), 486–507. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124114543236</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). The Guilford Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (5th ed.). Guilford Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kumar, S., &amp; Jagacinski, C. M. (2006). Imposters have goals too: The imposter phenomenon and its relationship to achievement goal theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(1), 147-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.05.014</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Květon, P., Jelínek, M., &amp; Burešová, I. (2021). The role of perfectionism in predicting athlete burnout, training distress, and sports performance: A short-term and long-term longitudinal perspective. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(17), 1969-1979. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1911415</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref54">
                        <label>54</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lee, M. J., Whitehead, J., Ntoumanis, N., &amp; Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (2008). Relationships among values, achievement orientations, and attitudes in youth sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30(5), 588-610.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref55">
                        <label>55</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Liu, C., Qu, G., &amp; Gao, R. (2023). Defining sports moral character and clarifying its related concepts. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5, 1101377. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1101377</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref56">
                        <label>56</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Madigan, D. J., Stoeber, J., &amp; Passfield, L. (2017). Perfectionism and achievement goals revisited: The 3× 2 achievement goal framework. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 28, 120–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.10.008</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref57">
                        <label>57</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nicholls, J. G. (1984). Achievement motivation: Conceptions of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance. Psychological Review, 91(3), 328–346.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref58">
                        <label>58</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Núñez, E. F. D., Villanueva, L. M. S., Mendoza, M. A. T., Alcoser, S. D. I., Garay, J. P. P., &amp; Hernández-Vásquez, R. (2024). Perfectionism as a paradoxical factor in sport and exercise performance: An umbrella review. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 19(2), 247-254. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v19i2.15111</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref59">
                        <label>59</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Olsson, L. F., Madigan, D. J., Hill, A. P., &amp; Grugan, M. C. (2022). Do athlete and coach performance perfectionism predict athlete burnout?. European Journal of Sport Science, 22(7), 1073-1084.  https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1916080</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref60">
                        <label>60</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Preacher, K. J., &amp; Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref61">
                        <label>61</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ring, C., Whitehead, J., Gürpınar, B., &amp; Kavussanu, M. (2023). Sport values, personal values and antisocial behavior in sport. Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 3(3), 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsep.2023.05.002</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref62">
                        <label>62</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Schumacker, R. E., &amp; Lomax, R. G. (2016). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315749105</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref63">
                        <label>63</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sheveleva, M. S., Permyakova, T. M., &amp; Kornienko, D. S. (2023). Perfectionism, the impostor phenomenon, self-esteem, and personality traits among Russian college students. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 132–148. https://doi.org/10.11621/pir.2023.0310</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref64">
                        <label>64</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shields, D. L., &amp; Bredemeier, B. L. (2009). True competition: A guide to pursuing excellence in sport and society. Human Kinetics.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref65">
                        <label>65</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Singh, A., &amp; Arora, M. K. (2023). Perceived Incompetence: A Study of the Impostor Phenomenon among Sport Performers. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 11(1), 310-326. https://doi.org/10.25215/1101.034</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref66">
                        <label>66</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Stoeber, J. (2011). The dual nature of perfectionism in sports: Relationships with emotion, motivation, and performance. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4(2), 128–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2011.604789</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref67">
                        <label>67</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Stoeber, J. (2014). Perfectionism in sport and dance: A double-edged sword. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 45(4), 385-394. https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP 2014.45.385</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref68">
                        <label>68</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Stoeber, J., &amp; Otto, K. (2006). Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(4), 295–319. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_2</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref69">
                        <label>69</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Stoeber, J., Stoll, O., Pescheck, E., &amp; Otto, K. (2008). Perfectionism and achievement goals in athletes: Relations with approach and avoidance orientations in mastery and performance goals. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(2), 102–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.02.002</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref70">
                        <label>70</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Stupuris, T., Šukys, S., &amp; Tilindienė, I. (2013). Relationship between adolescent athletes’ values and behavior in sport and perceived coach’s character development competency. Baltic Journal of Sport and HealthSciences, 4(91), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v4i91.178</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref71">
                        <label>71</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şahin, E. E., &amp; Gülşen, F. U. (2022). Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS): Adaptation and validation in Turkish university students. Psycho-Educational Research Reviews, 11(1), 270-282. https://doi.org/10.52963/PERR_Biruni_V11.N1.17</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref72">
                        <label>72</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Van de Vijver, F., &amp; Tanzer, N. K. (2004). Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural assessment. European Review of Applied Psychology, 54(2), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2003.12.004</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref73">
                        <label>73</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vergauwe, J., Wille, B., Feys, M., De Fruyt, F., &amp; Anseel, F. (2015). Fear of being exposed: The trait-relatedness of the impostor phenomenon and its relevance in the work context. Journal of Business and Psychology,30(3), 565-581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-014-9382-5.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref74">
                        <label>74</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vicent, M., Sanmartín, R., Vásconez-Rubio, O., &amp; García-Fernández, J. M. (2020). Perfectionism profiles and motivation to exercise based on self-determination theory. International Journal of Environmental Research And Public Health, 17(9), 3206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093206</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref75">
                        <label>75</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Waleriańczyk, W. (2023). Perfectionism and performance in a trail running competition: A prospective study of the interactive effects of perfectionism. Journal of Sports Sciences, 41(14), 1400–1409.  https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2023.2273090</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref76">
                        <label>76</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zanchetta, M., Junker, S., Wolf, A. M., &amp; Traut-Mattausch, E. (2020). “Overcoming the fear that haunts your success”–the effectiveness of interventions for reducing the impostor phenomenon. Frontiers inPsychology, 11, 405. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00405</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref77">
                        <label>77</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zarghmi, M., Ghamary, A., Shabani, S. E. H. S., &amp; Varzaneh, A. G. (2010). Perfectionism and achievement goals in adult male elite athletes who compete at the national level and above. Journal of Human Kinetics, 26(1), 147–154. https://doi.org/10.2478v10078-010-0058-6</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
