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Kaya Gazı Devriminin Gölgesinde Doğu Akdeniz’de Enerji Keşifleri: İş Birliği için Fırsat mı, Çatışma İçin Gerekçe mi?

Year 2022, Issue: 14, 69 - 90, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.102

Abstract

Son on yıl içerisinde doğalgaz piyasalarına arz yönlü en önemli katkılardan birini sağlayan Doğu Akdeniz’deki keşifler, bölge jeopolitiği açısından da önemli etkiler yaratmıştır. Yeni yer altı zenginliklerinin ortaya çıkarılması hem yaratacağı rant getirisi sebebiyle hem de stratejik etkisinden dolayı tüm siyasi aktörlerin iştahını kabartmaktadır. Doğu Akdeniz’de de geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılan doğalgaz keşiflerinin benzer bir dinamiği harekete geçirme ihtimalinden söz edilebilir. Üstelik doğalgazın boru hatlarıyla taşınmasından sıvılaştırılarak hedef pazarlara sevk edilmesine kadar çeşitlendirilebilecek bir dizi seçenek bu rekabeti daha da artırmakta ve tarafların çatışma ihtimalini artırmaktadır. Özellikle Arap Baharı ve Suriye İç Savaşı ile tırmanan siyasi gerilimlerin de en azından bir yönüyle bu dinamikle irtibatı olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Diğer taraftan, klasik liberal perspektif bu yeni buluntuların ülkeler arası iş birliği fırsatları doğurabileceğini, çatışma zemini hazırlamak bir yana karşılıklı çıkar temelinde inşa edilecek bir barış fırsatı sunabileceğini öngörmektedir. Ana hatlarıyla bu farklı iki çekim gücünün bölgesel güç dinamikleri açısından ele alınması Doğu Akdeniz jeopolitiğinin anlaşılması açısından önem taşımaktadır.

References

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  • Banks, F. E. (2018). The Political Economy of Natural Gas. London: Croom Helm.
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  • Keohane, R. (1984). After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Klare, M. (2002). Resource Wars. New York: Owl Books.
  • Le Billon, P. (2004). The Geopolitical Economy of Resource Wars. Geopolitics, 9(1), 1-28.
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  • Occhiali, G., Tagliapietra, S., & Hafner, M. (2017). The European Gas Markets: New Dynamics in a Rapidly Evolving International Market. Milano: Fundazione Enrico Mattei.
  • Özveren, E. (2002). Geo-Strategic Significance of Cyprus: Long-Term Trends & Prospects. Journal of International Affairs (7), 1-10.
  • Polat, S. Doğu Akdeniz'de MEB. 17 Ekim 2018. Aydınlık.
  • Ruble, I. (2017). European Union energy supply security: The benefits of natural gas imports from the Eastern Mediterranean. Energy Policy (105), 341-353.
  • Sputniknews. Türkiye’nin lk Sondaj Gemisi Fatih Arama Çalışmalarına Başlıyor. 20 Ekim 2018. URL: https://tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/201810301035908809-fatih-sondaj-gemisi-turkiye/.
  • Stambolis, C. (2014). The Role of East Med Gas in European Energy Supply. 20th Annual BPSPA Conference, (s. 16). Vienna.
  • Taliotis, C. (2015). East-Mediterranean Gas potential: Opportunities and Barriers. Nicosia: The Cyprus Institute.
  • TP. (2018). 2017 Ham Petrol ve Doğalgaz Sektörü Raporu. İstanbul: Türkiye Petrolleri.
  • Venn, F. (2013). The Oil Crisis. New York: Routledge.
  • World Energy Council. (2016). World Energy Sources-Natural Gas 2016. London: World Energy Council.
  • Yergin, D. (1992). The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power. New York: Free Press.
  • Yergin, D. (2006). Ensuring Energy Security. Foreign Affairs, 85(2), 69-82.
  • Yergin, D. (2012). The Quest: Energy, Security and the Remaking of the Modern World. New York: Pinguin Books.
Year 2022, Issue: 14, 69 - 90, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.102

Abstract

References

  • Acemoğlu, D., Golosov, M., Tsyvinski, A., & Yared, P. (2012). A Dynamic Theory of Resource Wars. The Quarterly Journal of Economics (127), 283-331.
  • Banks, F. E. (2018). The Political Economy of Natural Gas. London: Croom Helm.
  • Bilgin, M. (2015). Turkey’s Energy Strategy: Synchronizing Geopolitics and Foreign Policy with Energy Security. Insight Turkey, 17(2), 67-81. BP. (2018). BP Energy Outlook - 2018 Edition. London: BP Publications.
  • Byrza, M. J. (2013). Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas: Potential for Historic Breakthroughs among Israel, Turkey and Cyprus. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 12(3), 35-44.
  • Cohen, T., & Rabinovitch, A. Leviathan gas field developers approve $3.75 billion investment. Reuters-Commodities. 23 Şubat 2017, URL: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-natgas-leviathan/leviathan-gas-field-developers-approve-3-75-billion-investment-idUSKBN1620OS
  • Corbeau, A.-S., & Ledesma, D. (2016). LNG Markets in Transition: The Great Reconfiguration. LNG 2018, 1-14, Perth. Creti, A., & Villeneuve, B. (2004). Long-term contracts and take-or-pay clauses in natural gas markets. Energy Studies Review, 13(1), 75-94.
  • Cyprus Mail. Turkey objects to exploration in Block 6. Cyprus Mail. 5 Şubat 2017 URL: https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/05/02/turkey-objects-exploration-block-6/
  • EIA. Offshore Discoveries in the Mediterranean Could Increas Egypt's Natural Gas Production. 14 Ağustos 2018, Today in Energy. URL: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=36792
  • Engdahl, W. (2004). A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and the New World Order. London: Pluto Press. ENI. (2017). Factbook 2017. Milano: ENI.
  • Evripidou, S. Cyprus and Egypt sign unitisation deal on the joint exploitation. Cyprus Mail. 13 Aralık 2013. URL:https://cyprus-mail.com/2013/12/13/cyprus-and-egypt-sign-unitisation-deal-on-the-joint-exploitation/
  • Gazel, F. (2004). Mavi Akım: Avrasya'da Çözümsüzlüğün Öyküsü. İstanbul: Metis Yayın.
  • Gazprom Export. (2017). Gas Supplies to Europe. Moskova: Gazprom Statistics. 11 Mayıs 2018 URL: http://www.gazpromexport.ru/en/statistics
  • Grigoriadis, I. N. (2014). Energy discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean: conflict or cooperation? Middle East Policy, 124-133.
  • International Energy Agency (IEAa). (2017). World Energy Outlook. Viyana: International Energy Agency.
  • International Energy Agency (IEAb). (2017). Renewables 2017. Vienna: International Energy Agency. https://www.iea.org/publications/renewables2017/
  • International Energy Agency (IEA). (2018). Gas 2018: Analysis and Forecasts into 2023. Vienna: International Energy Agency. Joaquin, M. Israel-Lebanon maritime dispute explained. AlJazeera. 31 Mart 2018, URL: https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/03/israel-lebanon-maritime-dispute-explained-170327074710548.html
  • Karbuz, S. (2018). Geostrategic Importance of East Mediterranean Gas Resources. A. B. Dorsman, V. Ş. Ediger, & M. B. Karan içinde, Energy Economy, Finance and Strategy, 237-256. Cham: Springer.
  • Kaynak, A. (2017). The Outlook for Peace in Cyprus after the Financial Crisis and Gas Discoveries". Journal of Cyprus Studies, 19(43), 1-14.
  • Keohane, R. (1984). After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Klare, M. (2002). Resource Wars. New York: Owl Books.
  • Le Billon, P. (2004). The Geopolitical Economy of Resource Wars. Geopolitics, 9(1), 1-28.
  • Le Coq, C., & Paltseva, E. (2012). Assessing gas transit risks: Russia vs. the EU. Energy Policy (12), 642-650.
  • Middle East Institute (MEI). (2016). The Zohr Gas Field: A Boon for Egypt. Washington: Middle East Institute. URL: http://www.mei.edu/publications/zohr-gas-field-boon-egypt
  • Melikoğlu, M. (2014). Shale gas: Analysis of its role in the global energy market. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (37), 460-468.
  • Modern Diplomacy.. Cyprus And Turkey: East Med Gas Aspirations – Analysis. Eurasia Review. 27 Eylül 2018 URL :https://www.eurasiareview.com/27092018-cyprus-and-turkey-east-med-gas-aspirations-analysis/
  • Noack, R. The Russian Pipeline to Germany that Trump is so Mad About, Explained. 11 Temmuz 2018 The Washington Post.
  • Occhiali, G., Tagliapietra, S., & Hafner, M. (2017). The European Gas Markets: New Dynamics in a Rapidly Evolving International Market. Milano: Fundazione Enrico Mattei.
  • Özveren, E. (2002). Geo-Strategic Significance of Cyprus: Long-Term Trends & Prospects. Journal of International Affairs (7), 1-10.
  • Polat, S. Doğu Akdeniz'de MEB. 17 Ekim 2018. Aydınlık.
  • Ruble, I. (2017). European Union energy supply security: The benefits of natural gas imports from the Eastern Mediterranean. Energy Policy (105), 341-353.
  • Sputniknews. Türkiye’nin lk Sondaj Gemisi Fatih Arama Çalışmalarına Başlıyor. 20 Ekim 2018. URL: https://tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/201810301035908809-fatih-sondaj-gemisi-turkiye/.
  • Stambolis, C. (2014). The Role of East Med Gas in European Energy Supply. 20th Annual BPSPA Conference, (s. 16). Vienna.
  • Taliotis, C. (2015). East-Mediterranean Gas potential: Opportunities and Barriers. Nicosia: The Cyprus Institute.
  • TP. (2018). 2017 Ham Petrol ve Doğalgaz Sektörü Raporu. İstanbul: Türkiye Petrolleri.
  • Venn, F. (2013). The Oil Crisis. New York: Routledge.
  • World Energy Council. (2016). World Energy Sources-Natural Gas 2016. London: World Energy Council.
  • Yergin, D. (1992). The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power. New York: Free Press.
  • Yergin, D. (2006). Ensuring Energy Security. Foreign Affairs, 85(2), 69-82.
  • Yergin, D. (2012). The Quest: Energy, Security and the Remaking of the Modern World. New York: Pinguin Books.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Akif Bahadır Kaynak 0000-0003-0300-3728

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date January 10, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 14

Cite

APA Kaynak, A. B. (2022). Kaya Gazı Devriminin Gölgesinde Doğu Akdeniz’de Enerji Keşifleri: İş Birliği için Fırsat mı, Çatışma İçin Gerekçe mi?. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(14), 69-90. https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.102
AMA Kaynak AB. Kaya Gazı Devriminin Gölgesinde Doğu Akdeniz’de Enerji Keşifleri: İş Birliği için Fırsat mı, Çatışma İçin Gerekçe mi?. JOSOC. June 2022;(14):69-90. doi:10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.102
Chicago Kaynak, Akif Bahadır. “Kaya Gazı Devriminin Gölgesinde Doğu Akdeniz’de Enerji Keşifleri: İş Birliği için Fırsat mı, Çatışma İçin Gerekçe Mi?”. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 14 (June 2022): 69-90. https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.102.
EndNote Kaynak AB (June 1, 2022) Kaya Gazı Devriminin Gölgesinde Doğu Akdeniz’de Enerji Keşifleri: İş Birliği için Fırsat mı, Çatışma İçin Gerekçe mi?. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 14 69–90.
IEEE A. B. Kaynak, “Kaya Gazı Devriminin Gölgesinde Doğu Akdeniz’de Enerji Keşifleri: İş Birliği için Fırsat mı, Çatışma İçin Gerekçe mi?”, JOSOC, no. 14, pp. 69–90, June 2022, doi: 10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.102.
ISNAD Kaynak, Akif Bahadır. “Kaya Gazı Devriminin Gölgesinde Doğu Akdeniz’de Enerji Keşifleri: İş Birliği için Fırsat mı, Çatışma İçin Gerekçe Mi?”. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 14 (June 2022), 69-90. https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.102.
JAMA Kaynak AB. Kaya Gazı Devriminin Gölgesinde Doğu Akdeniz’de Enerji Keşifleri: İş Birliği için Fırsat mı, Çatışma İçin Gerekçe mi?. JOSOC. 2022;:69–90.
MLA Kaynak, Akif Bahadır. “Kaya Gazı Devriminin Gölgesinde Doğu Akdeniz’de Enerji Keşifleri: İş Birliği için Fırsat mı, Çatışma İçin Gerekçe Mi?”. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 14, 2022, pp. 69-90, doi:10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.102.
Vancouver Kaynak AB. Kaya Gazı Devriminin Gölgesinde Doğu Akdeniz’de Enerji Keşifleri: İş Birliği için Fırsat mı, Çatışma İçin Gerekçe mi?. JOSOC. 2022(14):69-90.

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