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Year 2019, Issue: 19, 177 - 264, 01.01.2019

Garabet K. Moumdjıan

Abstract

Ermeni-Kürt ilişkilerinin tarihi yüzyıllar gerisine uzanmaktadır.1800’lerde Ermeniler, Kürdistan olarak adlandırılan bölgede ortayaçıkan ve Osmanlı askeri gücü tarafından bastırılan Kürt isyanlarınakatılmışlardır. Ermeniler, 1915’ten sonra, Cumhuriyet DönemiTürkiyesi’nde baş gösteren ve 1930’ların sonlarına kadar devam edenKürt isyanlarına da dahil olmuşlardır. Ermeni DevrimciFederasyonu’nun (EDF, namı diğer Taşnaksutyun) bu dönemdekihedeflerini belirleyen iki düşünce söz konusudur: Ermenilerin OrtaDoğu’daki yerleşkelerinin geçici olduğu ve Ermenilerin tarihianavatanlarına geri dönmeleri gerektiği. EDF’nin yeni kurulmuş olanTürkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin doğu bölgelerinde yaşamaya devam eden –daha sonraları “Gizli Ermeniler” olarak anılacak olan - Ermenilerinvarlığından haberdar olması böylesine cüretkar bir plana teşebbüsetmesinin esas sebebidir. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiyesi, SovyetlerBirliği, Ermenistan, Fransa ve Britanya’da bulunan arşiv belgeleri vebahsi geçen dönemde ortaya çıkan Kürt isyanlarında rol almış olanEDF’nin bazı önde gelen liderlerinin anı türü eserlerine ve mektuplarınaerişim, dönem hakkında daha detaylı bir anlatım sunmak için benzersizbir fırsat sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, konu hakkındaki uluslararası tarihselanlatıda var olan boşlukları doldurmak amacıyla Cumhuriyet DönemiTürkiyesi’nde yaşanan Kürt isyanlardaki Ermeni - ve özellikle EDF katılımına odaklanmaktadır

Keywords

Ermeni-Kürt İlişkileri Kürt İsyanları Cumhuriyet

References

  • Atan A., Hay Gyanke; AmsaganDesutyun,” [Հայ կեանքը.-, Ամսական տեսութիւն], Hayrenik [Հայրենիք Ամսագիր], 6 , 173. thyear Amourian, Andre. [ԱնդրէՏէր-ՕհանեանԱմուրեան], Pages from a Life [Կեանքիէջեր], unpublished manuscript contained in dossier No. at the A.R.F. Bureau’s Maroukhian Library in Yerevan. Bal, Ali. “Sabiha Gökçen et la controverse sur sesorigines.” Turquie News, April 16, 2010.
  • Bardakçı Murat. “Mustafa Suphi’yi Kim Öldürttü?” Türk Haber, February 03, 2016. Access 15, March2016. https://www.haberturk.com/yazarlar/murat-bardakci/1190077-mustafa- suphiyi-kim-oldurttu.
  • Bayburtyan, V. [Վ.Բայբուրդյան]. Krdere, HaykakanHartseYev Hay KertakanHaraperutyunnerePatmutyanLuysinNerko հայկականհարցը և հայ-քրդականհարաբերություններըպա- տմությանլույսիներքո; The Kurds, the Armenian Question, and Armenian-Kurdish Relations under the Light of History]. Yerevan, 2008.
  • Chaliand,Gérard , ed. A People without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan. London: Zed Publishing, 1884. deBellaigue, Christopher. Rebel Land: Among Turkey’s Forgotten
  • Peoples. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010.
  • Dersimi, Nuri. Kurdistan Tarihinde Dersim. Aleppo: 1952.
  • Dink, Hrant, “Sabiha Hatun’un Sırrı.”, Agos, February 06, 2004.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 25 [1-18], Dated April 10, 1934, Aleppo.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 26 [1-26], Dated April 16, 1934, Beirut.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 29 [1-38], Dated May 28, 1934, Beirut.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 32 [2-4-4], Dated July 18, 1934.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 36 [2-4-19], Dated August 28, 1934.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 38 [2-4-26], Dated September 17, 1934.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 43 [4-43], Dated November 19, 1934.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 49 [3-12], from Aleppo, Dated February 4, Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 51 [3-12], from Aleppo, Dated March 6, 1935.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 90 [6-1], Dated November 26, 1935.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 175-A, Dated June 24, 1937.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 176, Dated June 25, 1937.
  • Ghazar, “KapitanVahanKalousdian [Sev (Black) Vahan].” In Album, C Series, No. 9, edited by AvoHeghapokhagan. Aleppo, 1962.
  • Gorgas, Jordi Tejel. “Les territoires de marge de la Syriemandataire : le mouvementautonomiste de la Haute Jazîra, paradoxes et ambiguïtésd’uneintégrationnationale” inachevée (1936-1939)” [The territory margins of Mandatory Syria : the autonomist movement in
  • Upper Jazîra, paradoxes and ambiguities of an uncompleted “national” integration, 1936-39], Revue des mondesmusulmans et de la
  • Méditerranée 126 (November 2009): 205-222.
  • “Gökçen Ermenimiydi?” Hürriyet, February 22, 2004.
  • Great Britain Foreign Office. British Documents on Foreign Affairs. Frederick, Md: University Publications ofAmerica, 1985.
  • Hatikyan, Hakop. Turkyo Hatuk Tzarayutyunnere Hay-Krtakan Hamakortsaktsutyan Dem (1920-1930) [Turkish Intelligence services against Armenian-Kurdish Cooperation (1920-1930). Noravank. http://www.noravank.am/arm/articles/detail.php?ELEMENT_ID=13017.
  • Jwaideh,Wadie. The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2006.
  • Gérard Chaliand, ed., People without a Country, (London: Zed Publishing), 1984.
  • Major] Noel, E.M., (Great Britain, Office of the Civil Administrator, Iraq), Note on the Kurdish Situation, Baghdad: Government Press, 1919.
  • See also E.M.C. Noel, Diary of Major E.M. Noel, C.I.E, D.S.O., on Special Duty to September 21st, 1919, Basra Iraq: Government Press,
  • Melkonyan, Ruben. CCCP Archival Documents Regarding the Armenians of Turkey and Developments Surrounding Their Issue (1945- )[ հայութեանեւ նրանց շրջանում տեղի ունեցած որոշ զարգացումների շուրջ (1945-1965 թթ.]. http://publications.ysu.am/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/4Ruben- Melqonyan.pdf.
  • NAA [National Archive of Armenia], fond 1048, list 1, folder 119, document number 7.
  • NAA [National Archives of Armenia], fond 1048, list 1, folder 64, document number 17.
  • NAA, fond 1048, list 1, folder 64, document number 27.
  • NAA, fond 1048, list 1, folder 64, document number 307.
  • NAA, fond 1048, list 1, folder 102, document number 5.
  • NAA, fond 1048, list 1, folder 114, document number 1.
  • Olson Robert. “The Kurdish Rebellions of Sheikh Said (1925), Mt.
  • Ararat (1930), and Desim (1937-38); Their Impact on the Development of Turkish and Kurdish Nationalism.”Die Welt des Islams New Series , no. 1 (2000):67-94. Access 15 Mayıs 2016. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1571104?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
  • Olson, Robert. The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880-1925.Austin: University ofTexas Press, 1991.
  • Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence,“Dersim Massacre1937-1938,” by Hans-Lukas Kieser, .Accessed April 10, 2011. http://www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/en/ouvrage/oemv.
  • Safrastian,Arshak. Kurds and Kurdistan. London: The Harvill Press Ltd,1948.
  • Sassouni, Garo [Կարօ Սասունի], Kurd Azkayin Sharzhumnere Yev Hay-Kerdagan Haraperutyunnere XVrt Taren Minchev Mer Orere Քիւրտ ազգային շարժումները և հայ-քրտական հարաբերությունները ԺԵ դարեն մինչև մեր օրերը], (Beirut: Hamazkayin Vahe Setian Press), 1968.
  • Sayiyan, Aram Araradi, 1926-1930 Krdagan Absdamputyune: H.H.
  • Tashnagtsutyan Yev Hoyboun Hamakordzagtsutyan Yev Daradzasherchanayin Zarkatsumneri Hamateksdum [The Ararad Rebellion of 1926-1930: The ARF-Hoyboun Cooperation Within the politico-military events in the Area], Horizon Weekly Special issue,
  • Silopi, Zinar. Doza Kurdistan. Beirut: Steward,1969.
  • “Slain in 187th street church; Assassins Swarm about Armenian Prelate and Stab Him.”New York Times, December 25, 1933.
  • Smele, Jonathan. The Russian Revolution and Civil War 1917-1921: An Annotated Bibliography. A&C Black, 2006.
  • Troshag, ARF Central Organ, 1925-1934.
  • Van Bruinessen, Martin. Genocide in Kurdistan? The Suppression of the Dersim Rebellion in Turkey (1937-38)and the Chemical War Against the Iraqi Kurds (1988).
  • https://www.academia.edu/2521265/Genocide_in_Kurdistan_The_Supp ression_of_the_Dersim_Rebellion_in_Turkey_1937

ARMENIAN INVOLVEMENT IN THE 1925 (ARARAT) AND 1937 (DERSIM) KURDISH REBELLIONS IN REPUBLICAN TURKEY: MAPPING THE ORIGINS OF “HIDDEN ARMENIANS”

Year 2019, Issue: 19, 177 - 264, 01.01.2019

Garabet K. Moumdjıan

Abstract

The history of Armenian-Kurdish relations extends over
centuries. In the 1800’s, Armenians were involved in the Kurdish
rebellions in Kurdistan proper. The rebellions were crushed by Ottoman
military might. After 1915, a new phase of Armenian involvement in yet
a new episode of Kurdish rebellions ensued in Republican Turkey. This
new collusion lasted all the way to the late 1930s. The aim of the ARF
(Armenian Revolutionary Federation, AKA Tashnagtsutyune) at the time
was twofold: Dispersion into the Middle East was considered to be a
temporary sojourn and the ARF was adamant in its thinking that
Armenians should repatriate to their historic homeland. The ARF
attempted such an adventurous plan due to its knowledge that many
pockets of Armenians—ergo, what would later become known as
“Hidden Armenians”—existed in the Eastern Provinces of the newly established Turkish Republic. Having access to archival material from
republican Turkey, the Soviet Union, Armenia, France, Britain, as well
as the memoirs and letters of some prominent ARF leaders involved in
the Kurdish rebellions of the time creates a unique opportunity to present
a more detailed account about the period under. The article will focus
on Armenian and especially ARF participation in those uprisings. This
has to be done in order to close a gap in the international historical
discourse regarding the subject.

Keywords

Armenian-Kurdish Relations Kurdish Rebellions

References

  • Atan A., Hay Gyanke; AmsaganDesutyun,” [Հայ կեանքը.-, Ամսական տեսութիւն], Hayrenik [Հայրենիք Ամսագիր], 6 , 173. thyear Amourian, Andre. [ԱնդրէՏէր-ՕհանեանԱմուրեան], Pages from a Life [Կեանքիէջեր], unpublished manuscript contained in dossier No. at the A.R.F. Bureau’s Maroukhian Library in Yerevan. Bal, Ali. “Sabiha Gökçen et la controverse sur sesorigines.” Turquie News, April 16, 2010.
  • Bardakçı Murat. “Mustafa Suphi’yi Kim Öldürttü?” Türk Haber, February 03, 2016. Access 15, March2016. https://www.haberturk.com/yazarlar/murat-bardakci/1190077-mustafa- suphiyi-kim-oldurttu.
  • Bayburtyan, V. [Վ.Բայբուրդյան]. Krdere, HaykakanHartseYev Hay KertakanHaraperutyunnerePatmutyanLuysinNerko հայկականհարցը և հայ-քրդականհարաբերություններըպա- տմությանլույսիներքո; The Kurds, the Armenian Question, and Armenian-Kurdish Relations under the Light of History]. Yerevan, 2008.
  • Chaliand,Gérard , ed. A People without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan. London: Zed Publishing, 1884. deBellaigue, Christopher. Rebel Land: Among Turkey’s Forgotten
  • Peoples. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010.
  • Dersimi, Nuri. Kurdistan Tarihinde Dersim. Aleppo: 1952.
  • Dink, Hrant, “Sabiha Hatun’un Sırrı.”, Agos, February 06, 2004.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 25 [1-18], Dated April 10, 1934, Aleppo.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 26 [1-26], Dated April 16, 1934, Beirut.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 29 [1-38], Dated May 28, 1934, Beirut.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 32 [2-4-4], Dated July 18, 1934.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 36 [2-4-19], Dated August 28, 1934.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 38 [2-4-26], Dated September 17, 1934.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 43 [4-43], Dated November 19, 1934.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 49 [3-12], from Aleppo, Dated February 4, Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 51 [3-12], from Aleppo, Dated March 6, 1935.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 90 [6-1], Dated November 26, 1935.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 175-A, Dated June 24, 1937.
  • Garo Sassouni, Letter No. 176, Dated June 25, 1937.
  • Ghazar, “KapitanVahanKalousdian [Sev (Black) Vahan].” In Album, C Series, No. 9, edited by AvoHeghapokhagan. Aleppo, 1962.
  • Gorgas, Jordi Tejel. “Les territoires de marge de la Syriemandataire : le mouvementautonomiste de la Haute Jazîra, paradoxes et ambiguïtésd’uneintégrationnationale” inachevée (1936-1939)” [The territory margins of Mandatory Syria : the autonomist movement in
  • Upper Jazîra, paradoxes and ambiguities of an uncompleted “national” integration, 1936-39], Revue des mondesmusulmans et de la
  • Méditerranée 126 (November 2009): 205-222.
  • “Gökçen Ermenimiydi?” Hürriyet, February 22, 2004.
  • Great Britain Foreign Office. British Documents on Foreign Affairs. Frederick, Md: University Publications ofAmerica, 1985.
  • Hatikyan, Hakop. Turkyo Hatuk Tzarayutyunnere Hay-Krtakan Hamakortsaktsutyan Dem (1920-1930) [Turkish Intelligence services against Armenian-Kurdish Cooperation (1920-1930). Noravank. http://www.noravank.am/arm/articles/detail.php?ELEMENT_ID=13017.
  • Jwaideh,Wadie. The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2006.
  • Gérard Chaliand, ed., People without a Country, (London: Zed Publishing), 1984.
  • Major] Noel, E.M., (Great Britain, Office of the Civil Administrator, Iraq), Note on the Kurdish Situation, Baghdad: Government Press, 1919.
  • See also E.M.C. Noel, Diary of Major E.M. Noel, C.I.E, D.S.O., on Special Duty to September 21st, 1919, Basra Iraq: Government Press,
  • Melkonyan, Ruben. CCCP Archival Documents Regarding the Armenians of Turkey and Developments Surrounding Their Issue (1945- )[ հայութեանեւ նրանց շրջանում տեղի ունեցած որոշ զարգացումների շուրջ (1945-1965 թթ.]. http://publications.ysu.am/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/4Ruben- Melqonyan.pdf.
  • NAA [National Archive of Armenia], fond 1048, list 1, folder 119, document number 7.
  • NAA [National Archives of Armenia], fond 1048, list 1, folder 64, document number 17.
  • NAA, fond 1048, list 1, folder 64, document number 27.
  • NAA, fond 1048, list 1, folder 64, document number 307.
  • NAA, fond 1048, list 1, folder 102, document number 5.
  • NAA, fond 1048, list 1, folder 114, document number 1.
  • Olson Robert. “The Kurdish Rebellions of Sheikh Said (1925), Mt.
  • Ararat (1930), and Desim (1937-38); Their Impact on the Development of Turkish and Kurdish Nationalism.”Die Welt des Islams New Series , no. 1 (2000):67-94. Access 15 Mayıs 2016. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1571104?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
  • Olson, Robert. The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880-1925.Austin: University ofTexas Press, 1991.
  • Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence,“Dersim Massacre1937-1938,” by Hans-Lukas Kieser, .Accessed April 10, 2011. http://www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/en/ouvrage/oemv.
  • Safrastian,Arshak. Kurds and Kurdistan. London: The Harvill Press Ltd,1948.
  • Sassouni, Garo [Կարօ Սասունի], Kurd Azkayin Sharzhumnere Yev Hay-Kerdagan Haraperutyunnere XVrt Taren Minchev Mer Orere Քիւրտ ազգային շարժումները և հայ-քրտական հարաբերությունները ԺԵ դարեն մինչև մեր օրերը], (Beirut: Hamazkayin Vahe Setian Press), 1968.
  • Sayiyan, Aram Araradi, 1926-1930 Krdagan Absdamputyune: H.H.
  • Tashnagtsutyan Yev Hoyboun Hamakordzagtsutyan Yev Daradzasherchanayin Zarkatsumneri Hamateksdum [The Ararad Rebellion of 1926-1930: The ARF-Hoyboun Cooperation Within the politico-military events in the Area], Horizon Weekly Special issue,
  • Silopi, Zinar. Doza Kurdistan. Beirut: Steward,1969.
  • “Slain in 187th street church; Assassins Swarm about Armenian Prelate and Stab Him.”New York Times, December 25, 1933.
  • Smele, Jonathan. The Russian Revolution and Civil War 1917-1921: An Annotated Bibliography. A&C Black, 2006.
  • Troshag, ARF Central Organ, 1925-1934.
  • Van Bruinessen, Martin. Genocide in Kurdistan? The Suppression of the Dersim Rebellion in Turkey (1937-38)and the Chemical War Against the Iraqi Kurds (1988).
  • https://www.academia.edu/2521265/Genocide_in_Kurdistan_The_Supp ression_of_the_Dersim_Rebellion_in_Turkey_1937
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA93AZ74ZP
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Garabet K. Moumdjıan This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 19

Cite

Chicago Moumdjıan, Garabet K. “-”. Uluslararası Suçlar Ve Tarih, no. 19 (January 2019): 177-264.