BALKAN SAVAŞLARI’NDAN YÜZYIL SONRA EVİRİLEN TÜRK-SIRP İLİŞKİLERİNİN BİR GÜNCESİ

Year 2013, Issue: 14, 7 - 36, 01.03.2013

Didem Ekinci

Abstract

Bosna-Hersek’teki savaşa kadar samimi olan Türkiye-Yugoslavyailişkileri, üç etmen tarafından biçimlendirilmiştir: Yugoslavya’nınTürkiye’nin Avrupa’ya giden ticaret yolunun üzerinde yer alması,Yugoslavya halklarıyla paylaşılan uzun tarih ve o zamana kadar var olandostça ilişkiler. Diplomatik ilişkilerde savaşla birlikte bozulmagözlemlenmiş, bu nedenle ekonomik ilişkiler de savaşın ve sonrakiKosova krizinin kurbanı olmuştur. Ancak, diplomatik ilişkilerin yapısı veaktör davranışları, göze görünenden farklı bir nitelik sergilemiş, bu dailişkileri karmaşık bir gerçekliğe sokmuştur: iki tarafça kullanılan, bazendüşmanlık eşiğinde seyreden politik söyleme, büyükelçi geri çekme veretlerine rağmen, ilişkiler devam etmiştir. Yeniden gerçekleşebilecekuzlaşı arayışları ortak siyasi iradenin inşasının ve muhafaza edilmesininönemine işaret etmektedir

Keywords

Türkiye, Sırbistan, Balkanlar, Balkan Savaşları, Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönem

A CHRONICLE OF EVOLVING TURKISH–SERBIAN RELATIONS A CENTURY AFTER THE BALKAN WARS

Abstract

Relations between Turkey and Yugoslavia, which were cordialuntil the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina1, were shaped by three factors:Yugoslavia’s location on Turkey’s trade routes to Europe, the long historyshared with the peoples of Yugoslavia, and the friendly relations thatexisted thus far. Diplomatic relations took a new turn for the worse withthe war, whereby economic relations also ended up being victim of thewar, as well as the ensuing Kosovo crisis. However, the pattern ofdiplomatic relations and behavior since then has been different fromwhat takes place, which made relations a complex reality: despite therhetoric employed by both sides, sometimes verging on the inimical, andwithdrawal of or denying agreement to ambassadors, relations survived.Prospects as regards an enhanced future rapprochement point to theimportance of building and maintaining mutual political willingness

Keywords

Turkey, Serbia, Balkans, Balkan Wars, post-Cold War era

References

• Kollu, Atilla. “Türkiye - Balkan İlişkileri: 1919–1939”, [“Turkish–Balkan Relations, 1919–1939”]. PhD thesis, Hacettepe University, 1996. Books and Articles
• Armaoğlu, Fahir. 20. Yüzyıl Siyasi Tarihi, [20th Century Political History], vol: 1-2; 1914–1995. İstanbul: Alkım, 2005.
• Banac, Ivo. “Nationalism in Serbia”, in Balkans – A Mirror of the New International Order, eds. Günay Göksu Özdoğan and Kemali Saybaşılı, İstanbul: Eren, 1995, p.133.
• Karatay, Osman. “Milosevic Dönemi Yugoslav Dış Siyaseti: Başarısız Bir Mirasyedilik Olayı”, [“Yugoslav Foreign Policy in the Milosevic Era: An Unsuccessful Case of Prodigality”], in Balkan Diplomasisi, [Balkan Diplomacy], eds. Ömer E. Lütem and Birgül Demirtaş-Coşkun, Ankara: ASAM, 2001, p.148.
• Kut, Şule. “Türkiye’nin Balkan Politikası”, [“Turkey’s Balkan Policy’], in Türkiye’nin Yeni Dünyası: Türk Dış Politikasının Değişen Dinamikleri, [Turkey’s New World: The Changing Dynamics in Turkish Foreign Policy], eds. Alan Makovsky and Sabri Sayarı, İstanbul: ALFA, 2002.
• Sander, Oral. Balkan Gelişmeleri ve Türkiye 1945–1965, [Balkan Developments and Turkey 1945–1965]. Ankara: Sevinç, 1969.
• Uzgel İlhan, “Balkanlarla İlişkiler”, [“Relations with the Balkans”], in Türk Dış Politikası: Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar, [Turkish Foreign Policy: Phenomena, Documents, Interpretations since the War of National Liberation], vol. II, ed. Baskın Oran, İstanbul: İletişim, 2001 pp. 174-181. Newspaper Articles
• Akyol, Taha. “Balkanlar ve Türkiye”, [“The Balkans and Turkey”], Milliyet, September 24, 1997.
• Bila, Fikret. “Demirel, Milosevic’i Anlatıyor”, [“Demirel Speaking of Milosevic”], Milliyet, Oct. 7, 2000.
• Demirtaş, Serkan. “Serbia Proposes a Military Agreement with Turkey”, Turkish Daily News, September 12, 2007.
• İdiz, Semih. “Balkanlar’da İstikrarın Önemi”, [“Importance of Stability in the Balkans”], Star, October 26, 2000.
• Kohen, Sami. “Sorun Ayrılıkçı Terörizm”, [“The Problem is Separatist Terrorism”], interview with Theodoros Pangalos, Zivadin Jovanovic, Milliyet, June 9, 1998.
• Kohen, Sami. ”İyi Komşuluktan Öte”, [“Beyond Good Neighbourliness”], Milliyet, August 1, 1997.
• Kroon, Robert. ”Serbs Will Not Be Cowed Leader Sees Need for Separate State within Bosnia”, International Herald Tribune, October 19, 1992.
• Milic, Predrag. “Montenegro Declares Its Independence from Serbia”, The Washington Post, June 4, 2006.
• Panic, Milan. “For Serbs, Milosevic’s Death Removes a Stain”, International Herald Tribune, March 15, 2006.
• Tavşanoğlu, Leyla. “Yugoslavya Kulağımıza Küpe Olsun”, [“Yugoslavia Should be a Lesson for Us”], Cumhuriyet, January 4, 2011.
• Tınç, Ferai. “Milosevic, Ölümüyle de Sorun”, [“Milosevic, Problem also With His Death”], Hürriyet, March 13, 2006.
• Yinanç, Barçın. “Serbia Snubs Turkish Envoy”, Turkish Daily News, May 2, 2008. Newspaper News
• “ABD Bölgeyi Karıştırıyor”, [“USA, Muddying Waters in the Region”], Cumhuriyet, June 27, 1999.
• “Ankara – Bağdat – Belgrad”, [“Ankara – Baghdad – Belgrade”], Sabah, June 13, 1999.
• “Belgrad: PKK’yı Desteklemiyoruz”, [‘Belgrade: We do not Support the PKK’], Milliyet, July 28, 1997.
• “Belgrad’la Beyaz Sayfa”, [“White Page with Belgrade”], Hürriyet, March 4, 2001.
• “Belgrad’la Yeni Dönem”, [“New Era with Belgrade”], Hürriyet, March 2, 2001.
• “Girit’te Olumlu Sinyaller”, [“Positive Signals in Crete”], Sabah, November 4, 1997.
• “Gül: Turkey Eyes Investment in Serbia”, Hürriyet Daily News, October 27, 2009, www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=gul-turkey-eyes- investment-in-serbia-2009-10-27.
• “Gül’le Gece Diplomasisi”, [“Night Diplomacy with Gül”], Radikal, October 13, 2005.
• “İstanbul’da Başka Ülkenin Bakanı Oldu”, [“Svilanovic Becomes Minister of another State in İstanbul”], Milliyet, February 6, 2003.
• “Karadağ, Sırbistan”dan Ayrılmak İstiyor”, [“Montenegro Inclined for Separation from Serbia”], BBC Turkish February 23, 2005, Deutsche Welle,
• http://www.turkatak.gen.tr/index.php?option=content&task=view?id=7
• &Itemid=2 as retrieved on February 23, 2006, 00:11:52 GMT.
• “Karadağ, Sırbistan”dan Ayrılmak İstiyor”, [“Montenegro Inclined for Separation from Serbia”], BBC Turkish February 23, 2005, Deutsche Welle,
• http://www.turkatak.gen.tr/index.php?option=content&task=view?id=7
• &Itemid=2 as retrieved on February 23, 2006, 00:11:52 GMT.
• “Kıbrıs’a Örnek Olabiliriz”, [“We Can be a Model for Cyprus”], Hürriyet, February 12, 2004.
• “Modernizing Serbia’s Military”, November 10, 2010, SETimes,
• http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/ features/2010/11/10/feature-03
• “Relations of Serbia, Turkey as Precondition for Stability, Tadic”, Tanjug,August 20, 2004,
• http://www.mfa.gov.yu/Bilteni/Engleski/b200804_e.html#N4
• “Savaştan Barışa”, [“From War to Peace”], Milliyet. February 13, 2004. “Serbia – Montenegro, Turkey Sign Agreement on Military Cooperation”, Southeast European Times in Belgrade, September 7, 2004, http://www.mfa.gov.yu/FDP/set_070904_e.html, Last accessed: 9 March 2007.
• “Serbia and Turkey Sign Agreement on Military Training”, April 13, 2010, http://www.pioneer-investors.com/news2.asp?newsid=14181 and “Military Medical Cooperation Between Serbia and Turkey”, April 28, 2009,
• “Serbia, Turkey Trade Deal Comes Into Force”, Hürriyet Daily News, September 2, 2010, www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=serbia- turkey-trade-deal-comes-into-force-2010-09-02.
• “Serbia–Montenegro, Turkey Sign Agreement on Military Cooperation”, Southeast European Times, September 7, 2004 as retrieved on http://www.mfa.gov.yu/FDP/set_070904-e.html, Last access: 28 February 2006
• “Serbian Envoy Leaves Turkey in Protest”, Turkish Daily News, February 21, 2008.
• “Sırbistan Karadağ Pazarlığı”, [“Serbia Montenegro Bargain”], BBC Turkish, October 10, 2005.
• “Sırbistan Karadağ Yol Ayrımında”, [“Serbia – Montenegro at the Parting of the Ways”], Yeni Mesaj, 4 March 2006,
• http://www.yenimesaj.com.tr/index.php?sayfa=dünyadan&haberno=100 95&tarih=2006_03-04 as retrieved on March 6, 2006, 16:10:27 GMT. “Sırbistan, Türkiye”nin Yeni Pazarı Olacak”, Zaman Online, July 19, 2010, http://www.zaman.com.tr/yazdir.do?haberno=1006572.
• “Sırbistan’a NATO Desteği”, [“NATO Support for Serbia”], Hürriyet, February 13, 2004.
• “Sırp – Yunan – PKK İttifakı”, [“Serb – Greek – PKK Alliance”], Sabah, May 5, 1998.
• “Textile Companies to be privatized”, Beta News (BE92), October 13, 2006, http://www.b92.net/eng.news/economy-article.php?nav-id=37308 &fs=version=print.
• “Turkey Backs Serbia and Montenegro’s NATO Partnership”, Turkish Daily News,
• “Turkey Recognizes Kosovo, Advises Parties to Stay Calm”, February 20, 2008, Turkish Daily News.
• “Turkey Recognizes Kosovo, Advises Parties to Stay Calm”, Turkish Daily News, February 20, 2008.
• “Turkey, Important and Prospective Partner of Serbia – Montenegro”, Tanjug
• “Turkey’s Foreign Minister Visits Serbia and Montenegro for Talks”, The Journal of Turkish Weekly, October 12, 2005, http://www.turkishweeklynet/news.php?id=20653, as retrieved on February 28, 2006.
• “Turkey”s Foreign Minister Visits Serbia and Montenegro for Talks”, The Journal of Turkish Weekly, October 12, 2005, as retrieved on February 28, 2006 http://www.turkishweeklynet/news.php?id=20653. “Yugoslavya ile Yeni Başlangıç”, [“New Start with Yugoslavia”], Hürriyet, April 11, 2002. February 14, 2004. Online Sources
• “Sırbistan-Karadağ Ülke Bülteni”, [“Serbia and Montenegro Country
• Bulletin”], May 2006,
• http://www.deik.org.tr/bultenler/200662810157Bul06may.pdf as
• retrieved on October 9, 2006, 01:55:24 GMT.
• “Tükiye, Sırbistan – Karadağ ve Kosova İlişkileri”, [“Relations between, Turkey, Serbia – Montenegro and Kosovo”],
• http://www.bilimarastirmavakfi.org/html2/yayinlar/yayinlargiris.html as retrieved on February 22, 2006, 06:13:49 GMT.
• “Turkey, Important and Prospective Partner of Serbia – Montenegro”, Tanjug,
• http://www.mfa.gov.yu/Policy/Bilaterala/Turkey/activities_e/290503_ 1/_e.html as Last accessed on September 27, 2006, 06:43:06 GMT.
• Live interview on CNN International after Milosevic was found dead in his cell, March 11, 2006. See Can Karpat, “Sırbistan ve Karadağ: Mutsuz Çift Boşanma Yolunda mı?”, [“Serbia and Montenegro: Unhappy Couple on the Road to Divorce?”], on
• http://www.axisglobe.com/article.asp?article=596 as retrieved on March 3, 2006, 01:13:37 GMT.
• Türbedar, Erhan. “Karadağ”ın Bağımsızlığına Yeni Bir Engel”, [“New Obstacle before Montenegro”s Independence”], February 12, 2005, http://www.turksam.org/tr/yazilar.asp?kat=53&yazi=169. Official Documents
• “T.C. Hükümeti ile Sırbistan ve Karadağ Bakanlar Konseyi Arasında Askeri–Bilimsel ve Askeri–Teknik İşbirliği Konusunda Anlaşmanın Onaylanmasının Uygun Bulunduğuna Dair Kanun Tasarısı ve Dışişleri Komisyonu Raporu”, [“Draft Law and Foreign Affairs Commission Report on the Approval of the Ratification of Military Scientific and Military Technical Cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Council of Ministers of Serbia and Montenegro”], http://www.gov.tr/sirasayi/dönem22/yil01/ss938.htm.
• “Türkiye, Bosna-Hersek, Sırbistan Üçlü Danışma Toplantısı”, [Turkey- Bosnia and Herzegovina – Serbia Trilateral Consultation Meeting”], February 9, 2010,
• http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-bosna-hersek-sirbistan-uclu-danisma
• toplantisinin-metni.tr.mfa.
• “Türkiye–Sırbistan Ticari ve Ekonomik İlişkileri”, [“Turkey– Serbia Trade and Economic Relations”], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-sirbistan_ticari-ve- ekonomik-iliskileri.tr.mfa , as retrieved on June 25, 2008.