SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA PARTICLES FROM YAM AND CASSAVA PERIDERM

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 13, 30.06.2025

Ayomide Famodu , Henry Mgbemere , Eugenia Obidiegwu

https://doi.org/10.47137/uujes.1559944

Abstract

In this study, silica particles were synthesized from periderms of yam and cassava. The synthesis process involved the calcination of both periderms to form their respective ash at 600, 700, 800, and 900oC, followed by purification of the ash with dilute sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and leaching of the ash in NaOH solution to form sodium silicate. The sodium silicate was further titrated with HCl to precipitate silica out in gelatin form. The resulting fine particles were then characterized using X-ray Fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The study showed cassava and yam periderm could be precursors for synthesizing silica nanoparticles with different characteristics and properties. Calcination at 600 oC was found to give the highest yield of silica, with the yam and cassava periderms giving 80.89 % and 91.35%, respectively. The findings of this study have potential applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals, construction, and foundry.

Keywords

Sol-gel , Nanoparticles , Cassava Periderm , Yam Periderm , Silica

Supporting Institution

University Of Lagos

Project Number

001

Thanks

Thank you

References

• Akhayere E, Kavaz D and Vaseashta A. Synthesizing Nano Silica Nanoparticles from Barley Grain Waste: Effect of Temperature on Mechanical Properties. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2019;28(4):2513-2521. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/91078.
• Aro O, Aletor A, Tewe O and Agbede O. Nutritional potentials of cassava tuber wastes: A case study of a cassava starch processing factory in south-western Nigeria. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2010; 22, Article #213. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd22/11/aro22213.htm.
• Heuzé V, Tran G, Archimède H, Régnier C, Bastianelli D. and Lebas F. Cassava peels, cassava pomace and other cassava by-products. Feedipedia, a programme by INRAE, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. 2016. Retrieved from https://feedipedia.org/node/526
• Adejumo O, and Adebukola AO. Agricultural Solid Wastes: Causes, Effects, and Effective Management. Strategies of Sustainable Solid Waste Management 2021. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93601
• Abdelbary S, and Abdelfattah H. Modern Trends in Uses of Different Wastes to Produce Nanoparticles and Their Environmental Applications. In M. Sen (Ed.), Nanotechnology and the Environment. 2020. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93315
• Agunsoye JO, Adebisi JA, Bello SA, Haris M, Agboola JB and & Hassan. S. B., (2018) Synthesis of Silicon Nanoparticles from Cassava Periderm by Reduction Method. Papers of Materials Science and Technology, 701-709. DOI 10.7449/2018/MST_2018_701_709
• Sapawe N, Surayah ON, Zulkhairi ZM, Amirul S and Amir M. Synthesis of green silica from agricultural waste by sol-gel method. Materials Today: Proceedings; 2018. 5(10), 21861–21866.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.07.043
• Vaibhav V, Vijayalakshmi U and Roopan S. Agricultural waste as a source for the production of silica nanoparticles. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2015; 139:515–520. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2014.12.083.
• Liu Y, Guo Y, Zhu Y, An D, Gao W, Wang Z and Wang Z. A sustainable route for the preparation of activated carbon and silica from rice husk ash. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011; 186(2-3): 1314–1319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.007
• Adebisi JA, Agunsoye JO, Bello SA, Kolawole FO, Ramakokovhu MM, Daramola M O and Hassan SB. Extraction of Silica from Sugarcane Bagasse, Cassava Periderm and Maize Stalk: Proximate Analysis and Physico-Chemical Properties of Wastes. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2019;10(3): doi:10.1007/s12649-017-0089-5
• Akhayere E, and Kavaz D. Synthesis of silica nanoparticles from Agricultural waste. Agri-Waste and Microbes for Production of Sustainable Nanomaterials, 2022;121–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-823575-1.00028-7
• Zarei V, Mirzaasadi M, Davarpanah A, Nasiri A, Valizadeh M and Hosseini M. Environmental Method for Synthesizing Amorphous Silica Oxide Nanoparticles from a Natural Material. Processes, 2021;9(2): 334. doi:10.3390/pr9020334.
• Braga AFB, Moreira SP, Zampieri PR, Bacchin JMG and Mei PR. New processes for the production of solar-grade polycrystalline silicon: A review. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2008;92(4):418-424. doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2007.10.003.
• Liou T. Preparation and characterization of nano-structured silica from rice husk. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2003;364(1):313-323, DOI:10.1016/j.msea.2003.08.045
• Nzereogu PU, Omah AD, Ezema FI, Iwuoha EI and Nwanya AC. Silica extraction from Rice Husk: Comprehensive review and applications. Hybrid Advances, 2023; 4, 100111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hybadv.2023.100111 .
• Athinarayanan J, Periasamy S, Alhazmi M, Alatiah A, and Alshatwi A. Synthesis of biogenic silica nanoparticles from rice husks for biomedical applications. Ceramics International, 2015;41(1):275–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.08.069.
• Jelita J, Basuki W, Tamrin T and Lamek M. Characterization of gelatin from scapula (Os scapula) from Aceh cattle. AIP Conf. Proc. 14 December 2018; 2049 (1): 020072. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5082477
• Movasaghi Z, Rehman S and Rehman Iu. (2008). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy of Biological Tissues. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 2008;43(2):134–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/05704920701829043