uujfe Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 2148-4155 Bursa Uludağ University 10.17482/uumfd.1773476 Civil Engineering (Other) İnşaat Mühendisliği (Diğer) TÜRKİYE'DE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR MALZEME SEÇİMİ İÇİN CRITIC TABANLI ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR DESTEK YAKLAŞIMI A CRITIC-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Support Approach for Sustainable Material Selection in Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3212-488X Akın Fırat Doğu İSTANBUL TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8466-2463 Akbaş Merve İSTANBUL TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 04 10 2026 31 1 331 350 08 28 2025 03 12 2026 Copyright © 2002, Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering 2002 Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering

Bu çalışma, geri dönüştürülmüş beton agregalarının (GDBA), doğal agrega (DA) ile karıştırılarak Türkiye koşullarında yol temel tabakalarında kullanım uygunluğunu çok kriterli karar verme (MCDM) yöntemleriyle değerlendirmektedir. Değerlendirme sürecinde teknik, çevresel ve ekonomik 19 kriter kullanılmış; kriter ağırlıkları CRITIC yöntemiyle objektif biçimde belirlenmiştir. Beş farklı GDBA–DA karışımı (%0–100 arası) TOPSIS, COPRAS ve EDAS yöntemleriyle sıralanmış; %100 GDBA içeren alternatif her üç yöntemde de en uygun seçenek olarak öne çıkmıştır. Bu bulgu, teknik yeterliliklerin ötesinde çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ve ekonomik etkinliğin karar sürecinde belirleyici olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle atık bertaraf maliyetinin ortadan kalkması, CO₂ emisyonlarında ve doğal kaynak tüketiminde sağlanan düşüşler, GDBA'nın çevreci bir alternatif olduğunu desteklemektedir. Literatür ile uyumlu biçimde, teknik parametrelerdeki sınırlı zayıflıklar, bütüncül değerlendirmede çevresel ve ekonomik kazanımlarla dengelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, MCDM yaklaşımlarının inşaat mühendisliğinde karar destek aracı olarak etkin biçimde kullanılabileceğini ve GDBA’nın sürdürülebilir yol altyapısı uygulamalarında güçlü bir alternatif sunduğunu göstermektedir.

This study evaluates the applicability of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) mixed with natural aggregates (NA) in road subbase layers under Turkish conditions using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. A total of 19 criteria covering technical, environmental, and economic aspects were employed, with objective weights derived using the CRITIC method. Five alternative RCA–NA mixtures (ranging from %0 to %100 RCA) were ranked using the TOPSIS, COPRAS, and EDAS methods. In all three approaches, the %100 RCA alternative was identified as the most favorable option. This finding emphasizes the decisive role of environmental sustainability and economic efficiency beyond mere technical compliance. Particularly, the elimination of disposal costs, significant reductions in CO₂ emissions, and conservation of natural resources highlighted RCA as an environmentally superior alternative. While some technical limitations were observed—such as higher water absorption—their influence was offset by the substantial environmental and economic benefits. The results align with the existing literature, confirming that RCA can deliver acceptable technical performance while contributing to sustainability goals. Overall, this study demonstrates the practical utility of MCDM methods as decision support tools in civil engineering and underscores RCA’s potential as a sustainable material for road infrastructure applications.

 CRITIC Çok kriterli karar verme Sürdürülebilir malzeme seçimi CRITIC Multi-Criteria Decision Making Sustainable Material Selection Abdi, A. P., Damci, A., Turkoglu, H., Kirca, V. O., Demirkesen, S., Sadikoglu, E. ve Arslan, A. E. (2025) A Geographic Information System-Based Integrated Multi-Criteria DecisionSupport System for the Selection of Wind Farm Sites: The Case of Djibouti, Sustainability, 17(6), 2555. doi: 10.3390/su17062555 Adomako, S., Engelsen, C. J., Thorstensen, R. T. ve Barbieri, D. M. (2021) Review of the relationship between aggregates geology and Los Angeles and micro-Deval tests, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80(3), 1963-1980. doi:10.1007/s10064-020-02097-y Akbas, M. ve Akin, F. D. (2025) A Comparative Weighting Analysis Using AHP and CRITIC for Recycled Pavement Material Selection: A Case Study from Istanbul, Results in Engineering, 106837. doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106837 Aloini, D., Dulmin, R., Mininno, V., Pellegrini, L. ve Farina, G. (2018) Technology assessment with if-topsis: an application in the advanced underwater system sector, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 131, 38-48. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2017.07.010. Atan, M. ve Altan, Ş. (2020) Multi-criteria decision-making methods with sample applications, Gazi Publishing House, Ankara. Aytekin, B. (2021). Geri dönüştürülmüş beton agregalarının yol temel ve alttemel tabakalarında kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması (Master's thesis, Bursa Uludag University (Turkey)). Bestgen, J. O., Cetin, B., & Tanyu, B. F. (2016). Effects of extraction methods and factors on leaching of metals from recycled concrete aggregates. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(13), 12983-13002. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6456-0 Bhattacharjee, P., Sen, T., Banerjee, D. ve Sarkar, B. (2012) Analysis of noise emitted from electrical machines using topsis technique, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 5-9. doi:10.7763/ijesd.2012.v3.178. Bilgen, G. (2020). Geri dönüştürülmüş beton agregasının düşük plastisiteli bir kilin mekanik özelliklerine etkisi. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 10(3), 1714-1719. doi: 10.21597/jist.685938 Bilgiçli, M. T., & Vural, İ. (2019). İnşaat yıkıntı atıkları ile iyileştirilmiş yol alt dolgularının FLAC 2D ile analizi. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Innovative Technologies in Engineering and Science (ISITES 2019). doi: 10.33793/acperpro.02.03.71 Chen, C. (2020) A novel multi-criteria decision-making model for building material supplier selection based on entropy-ahp weighted topsis, Entropy, 22(2), 259. doi:10.3390/e22020259. Ézsiás, L., Tompa, R. ve Fischer, S. (2024) Investigation of the possible correlations between specific characteristics of crushed stone aggregates, Spectrum of Mechanical Engineering and Operational Research, 1(1), 10-26. doi:10.31181/smeor1120242 Ghorabaee, M. K., Zavadskas, E. K., Amiri, M. ve Turskis, Z. (2016) Extended EDAS method for fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making: an application to supplier selection, International journal of computers communications ve control, 11(3), 358-371. Gupta, N., Kluge, M., Chadik, P. A., & Townsend, T. G. (2018). Recycled concrete aggregate as road base: Leaching constituents and neutralization by soil Interactions and dilution. Waste Management, 72, 354-361. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.018 He, Y., Lei, F., Wei, G., Wang, R., Wu, J. ve Wei, C. (2019) EDAS method for multiple attribute group decision making with probabilistic uncertain linguistic information and its application to green supplier selection, International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, 12(2), 1361-1370. doi:10.2991/ijcis.d.191028.001   Hung, V. Q., Jayarathne, A., Gallage, C., Dawes, L., Egodawatta, P., & Jayakody, S. (2024). Leaching characteristics of metals from recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP). Heliyon, 10(9). doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30407 Hwang, C.L. ve Yoon, K. (1981) Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications, Springer-Verlag, New York. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-48318-9. Kaya, O., & Ok, B. (2023). Geri Dönüştürülmüş Farklı İnşaat ve Yıkıntı Atıklarının Yol Temellerinde Kullanımının Maliyet ve Esnek Üstyapı Kalınlığına Etkisinin Araştırılması. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(2), 734-751. doi: /10.31466/kfbd.1288042 Kolios, A., Mytilinou, V., Lozano-Minguez, E. ve Salonitis, K. (2016) A comparative study of multiple-criteria decision-making methods under stochastic inputs, Energies, 9(7), 566. doi: 10.3390/en9070566 Kravchenko, E. ve Besklubova, S. (2024) Value stream assessment of the sustainable concrete recycling process with sequestration of CO2 from flue gases, Sustainable Production and Consumption, 46, 282-293. doi: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.03.004 Kumar, R. (2025) A comprehensive review of MCDM methods, applications, and emerging trends, Decision Making Advances, 3(1), 185-199. doi: 10.31181/dma31202569 Li, D. ve Nan, J. (2011) Extension of the topsis for multi-attribute group decision making under atanassov ifs environments, International Journal of Fuzzy System Applications, 1(4), 47-61. doi:10.4018/ijfsa.2011100104. Li, Z., Wei, G., Wang, R., Wu, J., Wei, C. ve Wei, Y. (2019) EDAS method for multiple attribute group decision making under q-rung orthopair fuzzy environment, Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 26(1), 86-102. doi:10.3846/tede.2019.11333. Liu, M., Cui, B. W., Lu, D. G. ve Faber, M. H. (2024) Risk-informed decision making for utilising recycled materials in infrastructure developments, Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems, 41(3-4), 124-139. doi: 10.1080/10286608.2025.2492645 Martínez, I. N., Albiñana, J. M. ve Piqueras, V. Y. (2018) Multi-criteria decision making techniques in civil engineering education for sustainability, In ICERI2018 Proceedings , 9798-9807, IATED. doi: 10.21125/iceri.2018.0813 Martínez-Lage, I., Vázquez-Burgo, P. ve Velay-Lizancos, M. (2020) Sustainability evaluation of concretes with mixed recycled aggregate based on holistic approach: Technical, economic and environmental analysis, Waste Management, 104, 9-19. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.044 Midodashvili, B., Midodashvili, L. ve Midodashvili, P. (2020) Educational programs performance ranking by use of topsis method, Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 1(47), 366-374. doi:10.17498/kdeniz.786051. Mohajan, H. K. (2025) Impacts of Construction and Demolition Waste on Environment: An Overview, Studies in Social Science ve Humanities, 4(3), 1-5. doi:10.63593/SSSH.2709-7862.2025.05.001 Mohseni, S., Baghizadeh, K. ve Pahl, J. (2022) Evaluating barriers and drivers to sustainable food supply chains, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022(1), 4486132. doi: 10.1155/2022/4486132 Mulliner, E., Smallbone, K. ve Maliene, V. (2013) An assessment of sustainable housing affordability using a multiple criteria decision making method, Omega, 41(2), 270-279. doi: 10.1016/j.omega.2012.05.002 Ok, B., & Demir, A. (2018). Yapim Yikim Atiklarinin Yol Temellerinde Kullanilabilirliğinin İncelenmesi. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 224-236. doi: 10.28948/ngumuh.386621  Pallewatta, S., Weerasooriyagedara, M., Bordoloi, S., Sarmah, A. K. ve Vithanage, M. (2023) Reprocessed construction and demolition waste as an adsorbent: An appraisal, Science of the Total Environment, 882, 163340. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163340 Piccinali, A., Cavallotti, I., Plizzari, G. ve Sorlini, S. (2023) Life cycle assessment of the production of natural and recycled aggregates for concrete: a case study in the province of brescia, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 22(10), 1767-1774. doi:10.30638/eemj.2023.152 Polat, E. G., Yücesan, M. ve Gül, M. (2023) A comparative framework for criticality assessment of strategic raw materials in Turkey, Resources Policy, 82, 103511. doi: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103511 Raudeliuniene, J., Trinkuniene, E., Burinskiene, A. ve Bubliene, R. (2025) Application of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach COPRAS for Developing Sustainable Building Practices in the European Region, Sustainability, 17(8), 3740. doi: 10.3390/su17083740 Reddy, A. S., Kumar, P. R. ve Raj, P. A. (2022) Entropy-based fuzzy TOPSIS framework for selection of a sustainable building material, International Journal of Construction Management, 22(7), 1194-1205. doi: 10.1080/15623599.2019.1683695 Sadik, M.N., Akter, T., Proma, P.D., Prodhan, M.A.R. ve Momotaj, M (2024). Impact of Recycled Coarse Aggregates on the Mechanical Properties and Durability of Concrete, European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 2(5), 738-759. doı: 10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(5).66 Silva, R. V., de Brito, J., & Dhir, R. K. (2014). Properties and composition of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste suitable for concrete production. Construction and Building Materials, 65, 201-217. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.117 Şen, B. N., & Eren, Z. (2021). Döngüsel Ekonomi Modeli Kapsamında Erzurum İli Hafriyat Toprağı, İnşaat ve Yıkıntı Atıklarının Yol Yapımında Kullanılabilirliğinin İncelenmesi. Sürdürülebilir Çevre Dergisi, 1(2), 41-52. Toka, E. B. ve Olgun, M. (2022) Performance of granular road base and sub-base layers containing recycled concrete aggregate in different ratios, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 23(11), 3729-3742. doi:1 0.1080/10298436.2021.1916819 Torkayesh, A. E., Deveci, M., Karagoz, S. ve Antucheviciene, J. (2023) A state-of-the-art survey of evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS): Developments and applications, Expert systems with applications, 221, 119724. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2023.119724 Turkoglu, H., Sadikoglu, E., Demirkesen, S., Damci, A. ve Acar, S. (2024) An integrated multi-criteria decision-making approach for selecting the starting location of railroad projects, Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. doi: 10.1108/ECAM-06-2024-0764 Ulutaş, A., Balo, F., Mirković, K., Stević, Ž. ve Mostafa, M. M. (2023) MCDM model for critical selection of building and insulation materials for optimising energy usage and environmental effect in production focus, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 29(7), 587-603. doi: 10.3846/jcem.2023.19569 Verma, M., ve Yadav, S. K. (2023) Construction and demolition waste utilisation as recycled concrete aggregate in concrete: a state of art, Journal of Engineering Research and Application, 2(02), 31-35. doi: 10.55953/JERA.2023.2205 Yi, Y., Fei, X., Fedele, A., Lavagnolo, M. C. ve Manzardo, A. (2024) Decision support model for selecting construction and demolition waste management alternatives: A life cycle-based approach, Science of The Total Environment, 951, 175408. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175408 Zhang, Y., Cetin, B. ve Edil, T. B. (2021) Seasonal performance evaluation of pavement base using recycled materials, Sustainability, 13(22), 12714. doi: 10.3390/su132212714