van vet j

Van Veterinary Journal

2149-3359 2149-8644

Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi

Physiogical Role of Kisspeptin in The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis

Hipotalamo–Hipofizer-Gonadal Aks’ta Kisspeptin’in Fizyolojik Rolü

Taşkıran

Nihal

ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ, HEMŞİRELİK FAKÜLTESİ

04 20 2017

28 1 57 61 09 30 2015 11 06 2015

1990

Van Veterinary Journal

In neurohormonal system, mammalian reproductiveaxis is regulated by combination of three fundamental tissues and parts; theseare hypothalamus, hypophysis and gonads. Females, the main physiologicalfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) in the reproductiveperformance of activities required for continued secretion of hormones, ovumacquisition, to ensure continuation of pregnancy with the formation of ahealthy pregnancy. This is part of a triple hypothalamic gonadotropin axisreleasing hormone (GnRH), pituitary follicle-stimulatinghormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH), estrogen and progesterone in theovary is the part. Classical information is released from the hypothalamus,GnRH, pituitary receptors in the hypothalamic-pituitary portal circulationthrough the front of the high-density gonodrop cells and stimulates FSH and LHare secreted from these cells. Follicle-stimulating hormone, stimutales therelease of ovarian follicle development and estrogen hormone, ovulation takesplace in the LH. The hypothalamus, pituitary and gonadal axisGnRH-FSH/LH-estrogen/progesterone way to the front of many mammalian species,although well-defined molecular and cellular events that started in the brainfunction is not fully understood yet. But in recent years the discovery of kisspeptin,  particularly in GnRH secretion, puberta andmetabolic regulation of reproduction has resulted in many of the unknown. TheKiss1 gene encodes a family of peptides called kisspeptins, which are thenatural ligands for the receptor G protein-coupled receptor (GPR54). In humansand mice, inactivating mutations of GPR54 results in hypogonadotropichypogonadism, indicating that kisspeptins play a vital role in the regulationof GnRH secretion. Many aspects of the roles of kisspeptins on theneuroendocrine regulation of reproduction are still not clear, despite theknowledge of their regulatory effects on timing puberty andhypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The aim of this review, to contribute ourknowledge about structure of the kisspeptins, neuronal control and drawattention the importance role kisspeptins of in reproductive and nervous systemand shed light on future studies.

Nörohormonalsistemde, memeli üreme aksı üç temel doku ve bölümün birleşmesiyle düzenlenir;bunlar hipotalamus, hipofiz ve gonadlardır. Dişilerde,hipotalamo-hipofizer-gonadal (HPG) aksın temel fizyolojik fonksiyonureproduktif faaliyetlerin devamı ve performans için gerekli hormonlarınsalgılanmasını, ovumun elde edilmesini, gebeliğin oluşumunu ve sağlıklı gebeliğindevamını sağlamaktır. Bu üçlü aksın hipotalamus kısmını gonadotropinserbestleyici hormon (GnRH), hipofiz kısmını follikül uyarıcı (FSH) velüteinleştirici (LH) hormonlar, ovaryum kısmını ise östrojen ve progesteronoluşturmaktadır. Klasik bilgi olarak hipotalamustan GnRH salınmakta,hipotalamo-hipofizer portal dolaşımla yüksek yoğunlukta ön hipofizdekireseptörler aracılığı ile gonodrop hücreleri uyarmakta ve bu hücrelerden FSH veLH salgılanmaktadır. Folikül uyarıcı hormon, ovaryumda follikül gelişimini veöstrojen hormonunun salınımını uyarırken, LH ise ovulasyonu gerçekleşmektedir.Hipotalamus, hipofiz ve gonadal aks da GnRH-FSH/LH-östrojen/progesteron yolu bir çok memeli türünde iyitanımlanmış olmasına rağmen ön beyindeki bu işlevi başlatan moleküler vehücresel olaylar henüz tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Fakat son yıllarda kisspeptinin keşfedilmesi, başta GnRHsalınım olmak üzere, puberta ve üremenin metabolik düzenlenmesinde birçokbilinmeyenin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Kisspeptinler, peptit bir aileden oluşan ve Kiss 1 gen tarafından kodlanarak G protein-coupled receptor (GPR54)’e bağlanan hormonlardır. İnsanlarda vefarelerde GPR54 mutasyonlarındaki eksiklik ya da yetersizliklerhipogonadotropik hipogonadizmle sonuçlanmıştır. Bu da kisspeptinlerin GnRHsekresyonu düzenlemesinde hayati bir rol üstlendiğini göstermektedir.Kisspeptinlerin pubertenin zamanlanması ve HPG aks regülasyonunda etkilioldukları bilinmekle birlikte üremenin nöronal kontrolü açısından açıklığakavuşturulmayı bekleyen pek çok nokta bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı,kisspeptinlerin yapısı, nöronal kontrolü hakkındaki bilgilere katkı sağlayarak,üreme ve sinir sistemindeki rolleri açısından kisspeptinlerin önemine dikkatiçekmek ve ileride yapılması planlanabilecek çalışmalara ışık tutmaktır.

Kisspeptin GPR54 GnRH FSH LH Puberty

Kisspeptin GPR54 GnRH FSH LH Puberta

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