Verimlilik, Ar-Ge ve Gelir Dağılımı Eşitsizliğinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: Panel Veri Analiziyle Ampirik Bir Kestirim

Year 2025, Volume: 59 Issue: 1, 47 - 60, 22.01.2025

Hakan Aydoğan , Hakan Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1510434

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelere ait panel veriler kullanılarak verimlilik, Ar-Ge ve gelir dağılımı eşitsizliğinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini ampirik olarak değerlendirmektir.
Yöntem: Bu amaçla, 29 ülke için 1998-2018 yılları arasında gözlemlenen ilgili değişkenlere ilişkin panel veriler analiz edilmiştir. Değişkenlerin yatay kesit bağımlılığı ve durağanlık testleri yapılıp panel veri regresyon modelleri test edildikten sonra parametre kestirimleri yapılmıştır. Daha sonra, en uygun model belirlenerek model hatalarındaki otokorelasyon, değişen varyans ve yatay kesit bağımlılığı gibi varsayımlar test edilmiştir. Çalışmada gerçekleştirilen tüm analizlerde R istatistik programı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Analiz sonuçlarına göre verimlilik ve Ar-Ge değişkenleri ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif yönde etkilerken, gelir dağılımı eşitsizliğinin artmasının da ekonomik büyümeyi negatif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.
Özgünlük: Bu çalışma bazı açılardan literatürdeki boşluğu doldurmaktadır: Çalışmada hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelere ait veri setleri kullanılarak daha geniş bir yelpazede analiz yapılmış ve 1998’den 2018’e kadar yakın dönemdeki Gini katsayıları, Ar-Ge harcamaları ve Toplam Faktör Verimliliği (TFV) değişkenleri üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Ayrıca, bu araştırmanın sonuçları yalnızca politika yapıcılarına kolaylık sağlamakla kalmayacak, aynı zamanda da Ar-Ge harcamaları ve TFV’nin ekonomik büyümede ne derece etkili olduğunun da anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

Ekonomik Büyüme, Ar-Ge, Toplam Faktör Verimliliği, GINI, Panel Veri Analizi

Effects of Productivity, R&D and Income Inequality on Economic Growth: An Empirical Estimation Using Panel Data

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to empirically consider the effects of Total Factor Productivity (TFP), R&D, and income inequality on economic growth using panel data covering a broad range of developing and developed countries.
Methodology: Panel data on relevant variables observed between 1998 and 2018 for 29 countries were analyzed. Cross-sectional dependence and stationarity tests of the variables were performed, then panel data regression models were tested and parameters were estimated. Then, the most appropriate model was determined and model assumptions such as autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence of model errors were tested. In all analyses, R statistical program was used.
Findings: According to the analysis results, it has been determined that while productivity and R&D variables affect economic growth positively, increasing of income inequality also affects economic growth negatively.
Originality: This research fills the gap in the literature in some ways: Our analysis covers a wider range of countries in both developing as well as developed countries, and emphasizes on recent period Gini coefficients, R&D expenditures, and productivity, from 1998 to 2018. Furthermore, the results of this research will not only facilitate the economic policymakers of the countries but will also be effective in realizing how important R&D expenditures and productivity are in economic growth.

Keywords

Economic Growth, R&D, TFP, GINI, Panel Data Analysis

Thanks

This study was produced from a part of the corresponding author’s Ph.D. thesis at Marmara University, Department of Quantitative Methods.

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