Sonorous plunge of serum magnesium levels among pre-diabetic and diabetic cats
Year 2023,
, 191 - 195, 15.12.2023
Kerem Ural
,
Songül Erdoğan
,
Hasan Erdoğan
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a frequently occurring endocrine disorder in felines, and the impact of magnesium deficiency on the incidence of diabetes and related complications has garnered significant interest in the realm of human research. Our objective was to investigate the levels of magnesium present in the serum of cats with pre-diabetes and diabetes. Although magnesium levels in pre-diabetic and healthy cats did not exhibit a significant statistical difference, a notable contrast was evident in diabetic cats in this study. Specifically, diabetic cats exhibited considerably lower magnesium levels in comparison to non-diabetic felines. In conclusion it should not be unwise to draw preliminary conclusion that magnesium levels should have helped better understanding molecular insight and consequences in both pre-diabetic and diabetic cats. If necessary, as evidenced by hypomagnesemia also at this study, dietary supplementation should be considered.
References
- Barbagallo, M., & Dominguez, L. J. (2007). Magnesium metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 458(1), 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2006.05.007
- Chaudhary, D. P., Sharma, R., & Bansal, D. D. (2010). Implications of magnesium deficiency in type 2 diabetes: a review. Biological Trace Element Research, 134, 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-009-8465-z
- Dong, J. Y., Xun, P., He, K., & Qin, L. Q. (2011). Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Care, 34(9), 2116-2122. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-0518
- Gottlieb, S., & Rand, J. (2018). Managing feline diabetes: current perspectives. Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, 19(9), 33-42. https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S125619
- Gottlieb, S., Rand, J. S., Marshall, R., & Morton, J. (2015). Glycemic status and predictors of relapse for diabetic cats in remission. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 29(1), 184-192. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12509
- Guerrero-Romero, F., & Rodríguez-Morán, M. (2014). Oral magnesium supplementation: an adjuvant alternative to facing the worldwide challenge of type 2 diabetes?. Cirugia y Cirujanos, 82(3), 282-289.
- Guerrero-Romero, F., Simental-Mendía, L. E., Hernández-Ronquillo, G., & Rodriguez-Morán, M. (2015). Oral magnesium supplementation improves glycaemic status in subjects with prediabetes and hypomagnesaemia: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Diabetes & Metabolism, 41(3), 202-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2015.03.010
- Kim, D. J., Xun, P., Liu, K., Loria, C., Yokota, K., Jacobs Jr, D. R., & He, K. (2010). Magnesium intake in relation to systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and the incidence of diabetes. Diabetes Care, 33(12), 2604-2610. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-0994
- Martin, H. E., & Wertman, M. (1947). Serum potassium, magnesium, and calcium levels in diabetic acidosis. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 26(2), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI101799
- Norris, C. R., Nelson, R. W., & Christopher, M. M. (1999). Serum total and ionized magnesium concentrations and urinary fractional excretion of magnesium in cats with diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 215(10), 1455-1459.
- O'Neill, D.G., Gostelow, R., Orme, .C, Church, D.B., Niessen, S.J., Verheyen, K., Brodbelt, D.C. (2016). Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus among 193,435 cats attending Primary-Care Veterinary Practices in England. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30(4), 964-972. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14365
- Paolisso, G., Sgambato, S., Passariello, N., Giughano, D., Scheen, A., 'Onofrio, F. D., & Lefebvre, P. J. (1986). Insulin induces opposite changes in plasma and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations in normal man. Diabetologia, 29, 644-647. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00869264
- Pham, P. C. T., Pham, P. M. T., Pham, S. V., Miller, J. M., & Pham, P. T. T. (2007). Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2(2), 366-373. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.02960906
- Pham, P. C., Pham, P. M., Pham, P. A., Pham, S. V., Pham, H. V., Miller, J. M., & Pham, P. T. T. (2005). Lower serum magnesium levels are associated with more rapid decline of renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Clinical Nephrology, 63(6), 429-436. https://doi.org/10.5414/CNP63429
- Reeve-Johnson, M. K., Rand, J. S., Vankan, D., Anderson, S. T., Marshall, R., & Morton, J. M. (2016). Diagnosis of prediabetes in cats: glucose concentration cut points for impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 57, 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.05.008
- Rodríguez-Morán, M., & Guerrero-Romero, F. (2003). Oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic control in type 2 diabetic subjects: A randomized double-blind controlled trial. Diabetes Care, 26(4), 1147-1152. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.4.1147
- Sales, C. H., & Pedrosa, L. D. F. C. (2006). Magnesium and diabetes mellitus: Their relation. Clinical Nutrition, 25(4), 554-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2006.03.003
- Schulze, M. B., Schulz, M., Heidemann, C., Schienkiewitz, A., Hoffmann, K., & Boeing, H. (2007). Fiber and magnesium intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A prospective study and meta-analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167(9), 956-965. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.9.956
- Reeve-Johnson, M. K., Rand, J. S., Anderson, S., Marshall, R. D., & Vankan, D. (2012). Determination of reference values for casual blood glucose concentration in clinically-healthy, aged cats measured with a portable glucose meter from an ear or paw sample. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 26(3), 755-755. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00937.x
- Rand, J. S., Kinnaird, E., Baglioni, A., Blackshaw, J., & Priest, J. (2002). Acute stress hyperglycemia in cats is associated with struggling and increased concentrations of lactate and norepinephrine. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 16(2), 123-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2002.tb02343.x
- Reeve-Johnson, M. K., Rand, J. S., Vankan, D., Anderson, S., Marshall, R. D., & Morton, J. M. (2013). Diagnosis of prediabetes in cats: Cutpoints for impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in cats 8 years and older using ear or paw samples and a portable glucose meter calibrated for cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 27(3), 693-693. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12100
Pre-diyabetik ve diyabetik kedilerde serum magnezyum seviyelerindeki büyük düşüş
Year 2023,
, 191 - 195, 15.12.2023
Kerem Ural
,
Songül Erdoğan
,
Hasan Erdoğan
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus kedilerde sık görülen bir endokrin bozukluktur ve magnezyum eksikliğinin diyabet insidansı ve ilgili komplikasyonlar üzerindeki etkisi insan araştırmaları alanında önemli bir ilgi uyandırmıştır. Amacımız, pre-diyabet ve diyabetli kedilerin serumlarında bulunan magnezyum seviyelerini araştırmaktı. Bu çalışmada pre-diyabetik ve sağlıklı kedilerdeki magnezyum seviyeleri önemli bir istatistiksel farklılık göstermese de, diyabetik kedilerde kayda değer bir zıtlık görüldü. Özellikle, diyabetik kediler, diyabetik olmayanlara kıyasla önemli ölçüde daha düşük magnezyum seviyeleri gösterdi. Sonuç olarak, bir ön çalışma olarak, hem pre-diyabetik hem de diyabetik kedilerde magnezyum seviyelerini izlemek ve gerekirse diyet takviyesini düşünmek ihtiyatlı olabilecektir.
References
- Barbagallo, M., & Dominguez, L. J. (2007). Magnesium metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 458(1), 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2006.05.007
- Chaudhary, D. P., Sharma, R., & Bansal, D. D. (2010). Implications of magnesium deficiency in type 2 diabetes: a review. Biological Trace Element Research, 134, 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-009-8465-z
- Dong, J. Y., Xun, P., He, K., & Qin, L. Q. (2011). Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Care, 34(9), 2116-2122. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-0518
- Gottlieb, S., & Rand, J. (2018). Managing feline diabetes: current perspectives. Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, 19(9), 33-42. https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S125619
- Gottlieb, S., Rand, J. S., Marshall, R., & Morton, J. (2015). Glycemic status and predictors of relapse for diabetic cats in remission. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 29(1), 184-192. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12509
- Guerrero-Romero, F., & Rodríguez-Morán, M. (2014). Oral magnesium supplementation: an adjuvant alternative to facing the worldwide challenge of type 2 diabetes?. Cirugia y Cirujanos, 82(3), 282-289.
- Guerrero-Romero, F., Simental-Mendía, L. E., Hernández-Ronquillo, G., & Rodriguez-Morán, M. (2015). Oral magnesium supplementation improves glycaemic status in subjects with prediabetes and hypomagnesaemia: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Diabetes & Metabolism, 41(3), 202-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2015.03.010
- Kim, D. J., Xun, P., Liu, K., Loria, C., Yokota, K., Jacobs Jr, D. R., & He, K. (2010). Magnesium intake in relation to systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and the incidence of diabetes. Diabetes Care, 33(12), 2604-2610. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-0994
- Martin, H. E., & Wertman, M. (1947). Serum potassium, magnesium, and calcium levels in diabetic acidosis. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 26(2), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI101799
- Norris, C. R., Nelson, R. W., & Christopher, M. M. (1999). Serum total and ionized magnesium concentrations and urinary fractional excretion of magnesium in cats with diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 215(10), 1455-1459.
- O'Neill, D.G., Gostelow, R., Orme, .C, Church, D.B., Niessen, S.J., Verheyen, K., Brodbelt, D.C. (2016). Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus among 193,435 cats attending Primary-Care Veterinary Practices in England. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30(4), 964-972. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14365
- Paolisso, G., Sgambato, S., Passariello, N., Giughano, D., Scheen, A., 'Onofrio, F. D., & Lefebvre, P. J. (1986). Insulin induces opposite changes in plasma and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations in normal man. Diabetologia, 29, 644-647. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00869264
- Pham, P. C. T., Pham, P. M. T., Pham, S. V., Miller, J. M., & Pham, P. T. T. (2007). Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2(2), 366-373. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.02960906
- Pham, P. C., Pham, P. M., Pham, P. A., Pham, S. V., Pham, H. V., Miller, J. M., & Pham, P. T. T. (2005). Lower serum magnesium levels are associated with more rapid decline of renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Clinical Nephrology, 63(6), 429-436. https://doi.org/10.5414/CNP63429
- Reeve-Johnson, M. K., Rand, J. S., Vankan, D., Anderson, S. T., Marshall, R., & Morton, J. M. (2016). Diagnosis of prediabetes in cats: glucose concentration cut points for impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 57, 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.05.008
- Rodríguez-Morán, M., & Guerrero-Romero, F. (2003). Oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic control in type 2 diabetic subjects: A randomized double-blind controlled trial. Diabetes Care, 26(4), 1147-1152. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.4.1147
- Sales, C. H., & Pedrosa, L. D. F. C. (2006). Magnesium and diabetes mellitus: Their relation. Clinical Nutrition, 25(4), 554-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2006.03.003
- Schulze, M. B., Schulz, M., Heidemann, C., Schienkiewitz, A., Hoffmann, K., & Boeing, H. (2007). Fiber and magnesium intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A prospective study and meta-analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167(9), 956-965. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.9.956
- Reeve-Johnson, M. K., Rand, J. S., Anderson, S., Marshall, R. D., & Vankan, D. (2012). Determination of reference values for casual blood glucose concentration in clinically-healthy, aged cats measured with a portable glucose meter from an ear or paw sample. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 26(3), 755-755. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00937.x
- Rand, J. S., Kinnaird, E., Baglioni, A., Blackshaw, J., & Priest, J. (2002). Acute stress hyperglycemia in cats is associated with struggling and increased concentrations of lactate and norepinephrine. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 16(2), 123-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2002.tb02343.x
- Reeve-Johnson, M. K., Rand, J. S., Vankan, D., Anderson, S., Marshall, R. D., & Morton, J. M. (2013). Diagnosis of prediabetes in cats: Cutpoints for impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in cats 8 years and older using ear or paw samples and a portable glucose meter calibrated for cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 27(3), 693-693. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12100