Suriye Menşeli Sağlık Hizmetlerine Yönelik Tüketici Irkçılığı ve Satın Alma Davranışlarına Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği
Year 2023,
Volume: 14 Issue: 40, 1330 - 1347, 25.11.2023
Avni Can Yağcı
,
Ayşe Şahin
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, Türk tüketicilerin Suriyelilerin sunduğu sağlık hizmetlerini nasıl değerlendirdiğinin, bu hizmetleri satın alma istekliliklerinin ve genel olarak Suriyelilerin sunduğu hizmetlere karşı tüketici ırkçılığı düzeyinde eğilimleri olup olmadığının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında tüketici ırkçılığı, satın alma istekliliği ve hizmet değerlendirmesi değişkenleri belirlenmiştir. Veriler Mersin ilinin Yenişehir ilçesindeki 302 katılımcıdan kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında geliştirilen hipotezler yapısal eşitlik modeli ve hiyerarşik regresyon analizi uygulanarak test edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre tüketici ırkçılığının hizmet değerlendirmesini ve hizmet satın alma istekliliğini olumsuz yönde, hizmet değerlendirmesinin ise hizmet satın alma istekliliğini olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Tüketici ırkçılığı ve hizmet satın alma istekliliği arasındaki ilişkide hizmet değerlendirmesi ve sonucun önemi değişkenlerinin aracılık rolü olduğu, etkileşim düzeyi değişkeninin ise bu ilişkide düzenleyici rolünün olmadığı saptanmıştır.
Ethical Statement
For this study the approval of ethical committee no 18/05/2021-06 dated 18.06.2021 was taken from the Ethical Committee, Mersin University.
References
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Alietti, A., & Padovan, D. (2013). Religious racism. Islamophobia and antisemitism in Italian society. Religions, 4, 584–602. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel4040584
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Darling, J. R., & Arnold, D. R. (1988). The competitive position abroad of products and marketing practices of the United States, Japan, and selected European countries. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 5(4), 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb008239
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- Dodanwala, T. C., Shrestha, P., & Santoso, D. S. (2021). Role conflict related job stress among construction professionals: The moderating role of age and organization tenure. Construction Economics and Building, 21(4), 21-37.
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- Fredrickson, G. M. (2011). Rassismus. Philipp Reclam jun.
- Hair, J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Babin, B. J., & Black, W. C. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.), Pearson.
- Hill, S. R., & Paphitis, K. (2011). Can consumers be racist? An investigation of the effect of consumer racism on product purchase. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 23(1), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.1108/13555851111099998
- Hjerm, M. (2001). Education, xenophobia and nationalism: A comparative analysis. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(1), 37-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830124482
- Hoyle, R. H., & Gottfredson, N. C. (2015). Sample size considerations in prevention research applications of multilevel modeling and structural equation modeling. Prevention Science, 16, 987-996.
- Jessor, R., Van Den Bos, J., Vanderryn, J., Costa, F. M., & Turbin, M. S. (1995). Protective factors in adolescent problem behavior: Moderator effects and developmental change. Developmental Psychology, 31(6), 923-933.
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- Merriam-Webster. (2022). Racism. Retrieved December 20, 2022 from https://www.merriam webster.com/dictionary/racism
- Mocan, N., & Raschke, C. (2016). Economic well-being and anti-semitic, xenophobic, and racist attitudes in Germany. European Journal of Law & Economics, 41(1), 1-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-015-9521-0
- Ouellet, J. F. (2005). Consumer racism and its effects on attitudes. Advances in Consumer Research, 32, 422-428.
- Ouellet, J. F. (2007). Consumer racism and its effects on domestic cross-ethnic product purchase: An empirical test in the United States, Canada, and France. Journal of Marketing, 71, 113–128. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.71.1.113
- Ozatalay, C., & Dogus, S. (2018). Türkiye’de ayrımcılık algısı, türleri, failleri, boyutları. Eşit Haklar İçin İzleme Derneği.
- Presidency of Migration Management. (2022). Temporary protection. Retrieved March 10, 2022 from https://en.goc.gov.tr/temporary-protection27
- Rodat, S. (2017). Cultural racism: a conceptual framework. Revista de Stiinte Politice, 54, 129–140.
- Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
- Shoham, A., & Gavish, Y. (2016). Antecedents and buying behavior consequences of consumer racism, national identification, consumer animosity, and consumer ethnocentrism. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 28(5), 296-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/08961530.2016.1214661
- Singh, A. S., & Masuku, M. B. (2014). Sampling techniques & determination of sample size in applied statistics research: An overview. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2(11), 1-22.
- Sumbas, A. (2009). Batı Avrupa’da yükselen yeni-ırkçılık üzerine bir deneme. Alternatif Politika, 1(2), 260-281.
- Şahinoğlu, K. T., & Yakut, S. G. (2019). Yapısal eşitlik modeli ile özgürlüklerin ekonomik performansa etkisi üzerine bir inceleme. Ekoist: Journal of Econometrics and Statistics, (30), 1-20.
- Tanaka, J. S. (1987). "How big is big enough?": Sample size and goodness of fit in structural equation models with latent variables. Child Development, 134-146.
- TÜİK. (2022). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, 2021. Retrieved September 9, 2023 from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2021-45500
- Virdee, S., & McGeever, B. (2018). Racism, crisis, Brexit. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 41(10), 1802–1819. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1361544
- Wodak, R., & Reisigl, M. (1999). Discourse and racism: European perspectives. Annual Review of Anthropology, 28, 175-199. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.175
- Wolf, E. J., Harrington, K. M., Clark, S. L., & Miller, M. W. (2013). Sample size requirements for structural equation models: An evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73(6), 913-934.
- Wren, K. (2001). Cultural racism: something rotten in the state of Denmark?. Social & Cultural Geography, 2(2), 141-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649360120047788
- Yagci, A. C. (2022). Türk Tüketicilerin Suriyeli Menşeli Sağlık Hizmetlerine Karşı Satın Alma Davranışlarının Tüketici Irkçılığı Açısından İncelenmesi [Master’s thesis]. Mersin University.
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Consumer Racism Against Syrian-Origin Health Services and Its Effect on Buying Behaviors: Turkish Case
Year 2023,
Volume: 14 Issue: 40, 1330 - 1347, 25.11.2023
Avni Can Yağcı
,
Ayşe Şahin
Abstract
In the study, it is aimed to determine how Turkish consumers evaluate the health services provided by Syrians, their willingness to buy these services, and whether there is a consumer racism tendency towards the services provided by Syrians in general. Within the scope of the research, the variables of consumer racism, willingness to buy and service judgment are determined. Data are collected from 302 participants in Yenişehir district of Mersin province by convenience sampling method. The hypotheses developed within the scope of the research are tested by applying the structural equation model and hierarchical regression analysis. According to the results, it is seen that consumer racism affects service judgment and willingness to buy services negatively, while service judgment positively affects service willingness to buy. It is determined that the variables of service judgment and importance of outcome have a mediating role in the relationship between consumer racism and willingness to buy services, while the level of interaction variable has no moderating role in this relationship.
Ethical Statement
For this study the approval of ethical committee no 18/05/2021-06 dated 18.06.2021 was taken from the Ethical Committee, Mersin University.
References
- Abdul-Latif, S. A. (2016). The effect of consumer racism, ethnic-based consumer ethnocentrism and ethnic-based consumer animosity on Malaysian Malays' product judgment and willingness to buy Malaysian Chinese products [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiti Utara Malaysia.
- Abdul-Latif, S. A., & Abdul-Talib, A. N. (2017). Consumer racism: a scale modification. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 29(3), 616-633. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-02-2016-0026
Alietti, A., & Padovan, D. (2013). Religious racism. Islamophobia and antisemitism in Italian society. Religions, 4, 584–602. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel4040584
- Arnold, H. J. (1982). Moderator variables: A clarification of conceptual, analytic, and psychometric issues. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 29(2), 143-174.
- Chin, W. W., & Newsted, P. R. (1999). Structural Equation modeling analysis with small samples using partial least squares. In: Hoyle R. H. (Ed.), Statistical strategies for small sample research (pp. 307-341). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Darling, J. R., & Arnold, D. R. (1988). The competitive position abroad of products and marketing practices of the United States, Japan, and selected European countries. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 5(4), 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb008239
- Di Masso, A., Castrechini, A., & Valera, S. (2014). Displacing xeno-racism: the discursive legitimation of native supremacy through everyday accounts of ‘urban insecurity’. Discourse & Society, 25(3), 341–361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926513519531
- Dodanwala, T. C., Shrestha, P., & Santoso, D. S. (2021). Role conflict related job stress among construction professionals: The moderating role of age and organization tenure. Construction Economics and Building, 21(4), 21-37.
- Doğan, Ö. S., & Özdemir, F. (2021). Mersin’de (Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar ve Yenişehir) Yaşayan Suriyeliler: Sosyo-Kültürel Yapı ve Entegrasyon Süreci. Coğrafya Dergisi, (42), 33-47.
- Donovan, R. J., & Rossiter, J. R. (1982). Store atmosphere: an environmental psychology approach. Journal of Retailing, 58(1), 34–57.
- Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (2000). Aversive racism and selection decisions: 1989 and 1999. American Psychological Society, 11(4), 315-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00262.
- Eser, H. B., & Cicek, A. (2020). Avrupa’da aşırı sağın ayak sesleri: Zenofobinin patolojik normalleşmesi. Alternatif Politika, 12(1), 114-144.
- Fekete, L. (2001). The emergence of xeno-racism. Institute of Race Relations, 43(2), 23-40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306396801432003
- Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
- Fredrickson, G. M. (2011). Rassismus. Philipp Reclam jun.
- Hair, J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Babin, B. J., & Black, W. C. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.), Pearson.
- Hill, S. R., & Paphitis, K. (2011). Can consumers be racist? An investigation of the effect of consumer racism on product purchase. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 23(1), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.1108/13555851111099998
- Hjerm, M. (2001). Education, xenophobia and nationalism: A comparative analysis. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(1), 37-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830124482
- Hoyle, R. H., & Gottfredson, N. C. (2015). Sample size considerations in prevention research applications of multilevel modeling and structural equation modeling. Prevention Science, 16, 987-996.
- Jessor, R., Van Den Bos, J., Vanderryn, J., Costa, F. M., & Turbin, M. S. (1995). Protective factors in adolescent problem behavior: Moderator effects and developmental change. Developmental Psychology, 31(6), 923-933.
- Kara, A., & Gürdal, S. (2017). Uluslararası pazar bölümlendirme ve konumlandırma stratejilerinin ihracat performansına etkisi: Türk ihracatçıları üzerine bir araştırma. Istanbul Journal of Social Sciences, 17, 69-95.
- Kennedy, D. A. (2001). Consumer discrimination: the limitations of federal civil rights protection. Missouri Law Review, 66(2), 275-339.
- Klein, J. G., Ettenson, R., & Morris, M. D. (1998). The animosity model of foreign product purchase: an empirical test in the People’s Republic of China. The Journal of Marketing, 62(1), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299806200108
- McCornack, S., & Ortiz, J. (2017). Choices and connections: an introduction to communication. (2nd ed.). Bedford: St. Martin’s.
- Merriam-Webster. (2022). Racism. Retrieved December 20, 2022 from https://www.merriam webster.com/dictionary/racism
- Mocan, N., & Raschke, C. (2016). Economic well-being and anti-semitic, xenophobic, and racist attitudes in Germany. European Journal of Law & Economics, 41(1), 1-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-015-9521-0
- Ouellet, J. F. (2005). Consumer racism and its effects on attitudes. Advances in Consumer Research, 32, 422-428.
- Ouellet, J. F. (2007). Consumer racism and its effects on domestic cross-ethnic product purchase: An empirical test in the United States, Canada, and France. Journal of Marketing, 71, 113–128. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.71.1.113
- Ozatalay, C., & Dogus, S. (2018). Türkiye’de ayrımcılık algısı, türleri, failleri, boyutları. Eşit Haklar İçin İzleme Derneği.
- Presidency of Migration Management. (2022). Temporary protection. Retrieved March 10, 2022 from https://en.goc.gov.tr/temporary-protection27
- Rodat, S. (2017). Cultural racism: a conceptual framework. Revista de Stiinte Politice, 54, 129–140.
- Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
- Shoham, A., & Gavish, Y. (2016). Antecedents and buying behavior consequences of consumer racism, national identification, consumer animosity, and consumer ethnocentrism. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 28(5), 296-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/08961530.2016.1214661
- Singh, A. S., & Masuku, M. B. (2014). Sampling techniques & determination of sample size in applied statistics research: An overview. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2(11), 1-22.
- Sumbas, A. (2009). Batı Avrupa’da yükselen yeni-ırkçılık üzerine bir deneme. Alternatif Politika, 1(2), 260-281.
- Şahinoğlu, K. T., & Yakut, S. G. (2019). Yapısal eşitlik modeli ile özgürlüklerin ekonomik performansa etkisi üzerine bir inceleme. Ekoist: Journal of Econometrics and Statistics, (30), 1-20.
- Tanaka, J. S. (1987). "How big is big enough?": Sample size and goodness of fit in structural equation models with latent variables. Child Development, 134-146.
- TÜİK. (2022). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, 2021. Retrieved September 9, 2023 from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2021-45500
- Virdee, S., & McGeever, B. (2018). Racism, crisis, Brexit. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 41(10), 1802–1819. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1361544
- Wodak, R., & Reisigl, M. (1999). Discourse and racism: European perspectives. Annual Review of Anthropology, 28, 175-199. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.175
- Wolf, E. J., Harrington, K. M., Clark, S. L., & Miller, M. W. (2013). Sample size requirements for structural equation models: An evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73(6), 913-934.
- Wren, K. (2001). Cultural racism: something rotten in the state of Denmark?. Social & Cultural Geography, 2(2), 141-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649360120047788
- Yagci, A. C. (2022). Türk Tüketicilerin Suriyeli Menşeli Sağlık Hizmetlerine Karşı Satın Alma Davranışlarının Tüketici Irkçılığı Açısından İncelenmesi [Master’s thesis]. Mersin University.
- Zeithaml, V. A., Parasuraman, A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). Problems and strategies in services marketing. Journal of Marketing, 49(2), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900203