JAPONLARIN GÜNLÜK OYUN KULLANIMI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 34, 30.06.2024

Kazuki Okada

Öz

Japonya'da yerel oyun pazarının büyüklüğü hem 2020 hem de 2021'de 2 trilyon Japon yenini aştı. Japonya'daki oyun oynayan nüfus 55,35 milyon ya da toplam nüfusun yaklaşık yarısı olduğu söylenmektedir ve Japonya'da oyun oynamanın çok aktif hale geldiği söylenebilir. Oyunların Japonya'da neden bu kadar aktif bir şekilde kullanılmaya başlandığı sorusunu açıklığa kavuşturmak için aşağıdaki üç araştırma sorusu belirlenmiş ve incelenmiştir. (1) Japonya'da oyunlar nasıl yayıldı? (2) Japon halkı oyunlardan ne bekliyor? (3) Oyunlar gelecekte Japonlar için nasıl bir varlığa sahip olacak? Araştırma sorusu 1)'de Japonya'daki oyun tarihinin incelenmesine odaklanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, teknolojik yeniliklerin oyunları kullanıcılar için daha tanıdık bir alana getirdiğini ve oyun oynamayı kolaylaştırdığı söylenebilir. Araştırma sorusu (2)’de, oyun kullanıcılarının tercihleri ve oyun oynamaktan kopma nedenleri araştırıldı. Bireysel tercihler kişiden kişiye farklılık göstermekle birlikte, bir oyunla ilgili aktif bir topluluğun varlığının veya yokluğunun, belirli bir oyuna verilen desteğin uzun ömürlü olmasında bir faktör olduğu söylenebilir. Başka bir deyişle, kullanıcılar oyunlardan sadece oyun içeriği değil, aynı zamanda başkalarıyla bağlantı kurmayı da bekler hale gelmiştir. Araştırma sorusu (3)'te, oyunların eğitim amaçlı kullanımı, yaşam tarzıyla ilgili uygulamalar, çevrimiçi hizmetlerin kullanımı, azalan doğum oranı ve yaşlanan nüfus gibi çeşitli konularla oyunlar birleştirildiğinde oyunların gelecekte nasıl kullanılması gerektiği tartışıldı. Bu tartışmalar doğrultusunda, oyunların Japonya'da nasıl popülerlik kazandığını ve gelecekte nasıl ele alınacağı açıklığa kavuşturulmaya çalışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oyunlar, Topluluk, Para Kazanma, Japon Oyun Tarihi, Günlük Yaşam

A STUDY ON DAILY GAME USE BY JAPANESE PEOPLE

Öz

In Japan, the size of the domestic game market exceeded 2 trillion yen in both 2020 and 2021. The gaming population in Japan is said to be 55.35 million, or about half of the total population, and it can be pointed out that the use of games in Japan is becoming very active. In order to clarify the question of why games have become so actively used in Japan, the following three research questions were set and examined. (1) How did games spread in Japan? (2) What do Japanese people want from games? (3) What kind of presence will games have for the Japanese in the future? In research question 1), the discussion centered on a survey of the history of games in Japan. As a result, I pointed out that technological innovation has brought games into a more familiar space for users and made it easier for them to play games. Research question (2) investigated game users' preferences and the causes of their disengagement from game playing. While individual preferences differ from person to person, it was pointed out that the presence or absence of an active community related to a game is a factor in the longevity of support for a particular game. In other words, users have come to expect not only game content but also connections with others from games. In research question (3), I combined games with various topics, such as educational use of games, lifestyle-related applications, use of online services, and the declining birthrate and aging population, and discussed how games should be used in the future. Through these discussions, we will clarify how games have gained popularity in Japan and how they will be treated in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Games, Community, Monetization, Japanese Game History, Daily Life

Kaynakça

• Aida, M. Hirakawa, S. Ihori,N. and Sakamoto, A.(2009) Kyōikuteki Trebi Gēmu-no Naiyō Bunseki― chekku Risuto-no Sakusei-to Genjō Oyobi Mondaiten-no Haaku―(「教育的テレビゲームの内容分析―チェックリストの作成と現状および問題点の把握―」), Journal of Digital Games Research Vol.3 No.1 , P13-25.
• Endoh, M. and Mikami, K. (2020) " Survey analysis on reasons for dropout from continuous gameplay- Hints to prevent loss of replay motivation - ", Journal of Digital Games Research Vol.13 No.2, P13-22.
• Horiuchi, Y. Tajima, S. Suzuki, K. Shibuya, A. and Sakamoto, A.(2016) Terebi Gēmu Riyō-ni Yoru Kōgekisei・ Kihan Ishiki-eno Eikyō―Chūgakusei-no Jūdan Chōsa-ni Taisuru Rēteingu Kubun Goto-no Bunseki―(「テレビゲーム利用による攻撃性・規範意識への影響―中学生の縦断調査データに対するレーティング区分ごとの分析―」). Journal of Digital Games Research Vol.9 No.1, P13-24.
• Kamakura,T. Tomiyasu,S. Baba,A.(2009)MMORPG-o Mochiita Rekishijugyō-no Kyōikukōka Ni Tsuite―Kōgyō Kōtō Senmon Gakkō-ni Okeru Jikken-no Kekka Hōkoku―(「MMORPGを用いた歴史授業の教育効果について―工業高等専門学校における実験の結果報告―」). Journal of Digital Games Research Vol.3 No.1, P1-12.
• Kawasaki, Y. (2015) " The role of a Japanese café where video game machine was introduced -A new form of urban entertainment in the form of Arcade video games- ", Journal of Digital Games Research Vol.7 No.2, P1-12.
• Kobayashi, N. (2017). Bideogēmu Sangyō-to Sono Kibangijutsu (「ビデオゲーム産業とその基盤技術」). CUC view & vision, 43, P21-30.
• Komago, Y. (2019) "Practice of Information Ethics Education Focusing on the Appropriate Use of Video Games- Analysis of Teaching Materials and Learning Effects Developed by Students in Teacher Training Courses -", Journal of Digital Games Research Vol.12 No.1, P31-35
• Komago, Y. (2023) "Classroom Practice and Evaluation of "Media and Culture" Using Video Games as a Subject ", REPLAYING JAPAN 5, P149-159
• Machida, M.(2008).Sabu Karutyā Kyōzai-niyoru Kokugoka Jugyō Kaihatsuron：Gakusyūsya-no Kyōmi・Kansin Kanki-no Hōryaku-o Saguru(「サブカルチャー教材による国語科授業開発論 : 学習者の興味・関心喚起の方略を探る」). D. Thesis, Waseda University, P1-282.
• Mouri, H. (2021).Gēmu Kenkyū-ni Okeru Syōgakukan-no Gakunenbetsu Gakusyū Zasshi-ga Yūsuru Yakuwari-ni Kansuru Kōsatsu―Medelia-toshiteno Sēshitsu-no Henyo-ni Tyakumoku Shite(「ゲーム研究における小学館の学年別学習雑誌が有する役割に関する考察―メディアとしての性質の変容に着目して」) Āto・Dokyumentēshon Kenkyū 29 Kan(アート・ドキュメンテーション研究29巻) P17-33.
• Nakamichi, T. (2008).Nihon Bideo Gēmu Sangyō-no Hatten—1980 Nendai-no SangyōKōzō-o Tyushin-ni(「日本ビデオゲーム産業の発展--1980年代の産業構造を中心に」), Cultural economics,P97-105.
• Nisikata, T. (2011).Terebigēmu-ni Okeru Kojinsa-no Kenkyū(１) ―Danjo-niokeru Gēmu-no Konomi-no Sōi―(「テレビゲームにおける個人差の研究（１）―男女におけるゲームの好みの相違―」), Mejiro University Humanities Research No.7,P201-213.
• Nojima, M. (2008).MMO-no Riyōdōki-to Ryōkinseido―Gēmunaikōdō-to Shūekisei-no Kankei Bunseki―(「MMOの利用動機と料金制度―ゲーム内行動と収益性の関係分析―」), Journal of Digital Games Research Vol.2 No.1, P44-55.
• Nojima, M. (2012) "An Analysis of Pay Users in Free-to-Play Games", The journal of the Faculty of Economics, Seikei University 43, P67-91.
• Research and Study Department of the National Institute of Information and Communications Policy, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (2014) "Fiscal 2013 Research Report on International Expansion and Prospects of Emerging ICT Fields", P1-61.
• Suda, K. (2014) Nihon-no Kōkōsei-o Taisyō-to Shita Gēmu Izon-to Purei Kōdō-no Jittai（「日本の高校生を対象としたゲーム依存とプレイ行動の実態」）, Japan Association of Simulation & Gaming, Simulation & gaming Vol.24, No.1, P1-10.
• Suzuki, K. Sado,M. Horiuchi, Y. Hasegawa, M. and Sakamoto, A. (2009) Chūgakusei-no Terebi Gēmu Shiyō-to Kōgekisei ―Bōryoku Byōsha Shichō-no Eikyō Oyobi Ninchiteki Jukuryosei-niyoru Chōsei Kouka-no Kentou―(「中学生のテレビゲーム使用と攻撃性―暴力描写視聴の影響および認知的熟慮性による調整効果の検討―」), Journal of Digital Games Research Vol.3 No.1, P27-38.
• Wada, M. (2010) " Media Education of Video Game: Does Critical Analysis of Unethical Video Game Effect on Cognition of Video Games? ", Toukyou Gakugei Daigaku Kyouiku Jissen Kenkyuu Shien Senta kiyou Vol.6 , P53-62.
• Yamaguchi, S. (2014) Gēmu Sangyō-ni Okeru Inta-netto-jō-no Chosakuken Shingai-to Keizai Kōka―Gēmupurei Dōga-to Gēmusofuto Hanbai Honsū-ni Kansuru Jissyō Bunseki―「ゲーム産業におけるインターネット上の著作権侵害と経済効果―ゲームプレイ動画とゲームソフト販売本数に関する実証分析―」, Information and Communications Policy Review No.9, P178-201.
• Yamaguchi, S. (2020) . Mobairugēmu-no Purei Jikan to Kōfukukan-no Kankei(「モバイルゲームのプレイ時間と幸福感の関係」）, GLOCOM Discussion Paper Series No.16, 2020 ,P1-15
• Yamamoto, K. Soga, C. JULIEN, M. (2022) " Game Engagement and Favorite Game Titles in College Students and General Adults: A Comparative Study of Using Text Mining with Correspondence Analysis ", OSAKA SANGYO UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF HUMAN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 21, P1-9.
• Yamaoka, A. Kobayashi, S. Mouri,M. and Sakamoto, A.(2010) Terebi Gēmu-no Shiyō-ga Joshi Daigakusei-no Kōgeki Kōdō-ni Oyobosu Eikyō―Hōsyōsei-to Negateibu Mūdo―(「テレビゲームの使用が女子大学生の攻撃行動に及ぼす影響―報奨性とネガティブムード―」), Journal of Digital Games Research Vol.4 No.1, P81-89
• Internet References
• ASMARQ Co., Ltd. (2021). Sumaho Gēmu-no Kakin-ni Kansuru-Chōsa(「スマホゲームの課金に関する調査」).https://www.asmarq.co.jp/data/app-payments/#:~:text=%E8%AA%B2%E9%87%91%E7%B5%8C%E9%A8%93%E8%80%85%E3%81%AE%E5%89%B2%E5%90%88,%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%8C%E8%AA%B2%E9%87%91%E7%B5%8C%E9%A8%93%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%80%82　 (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• AUTOMATON (2022). Nihon-no Steam Yūzā-ga Mōretsu-ni Zōka, Kako Saikō-ni. PC-de Gēmu-o Suru Bunka-ga, Nihon-demo Sintō Site Kite Iru「日本のSteamユーザーが猛烈に増加、過去最高に。PCでゲームをする文化が、日本でも浸透してきている」https://automaton-media.com/articles/newsjp/20220414-198993/ 　 (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• CINRA (2018). Kawashima Masashi-ga Kataru,『Pokemon GO』-no UX Dezain-gaSekai-o Kaeta Riyū(「川島優志が語る、『ポケモンGO』のUXデザインが世界を変えた理由)https://www.cinra.net/article/report-201808-kawashimamasashi (Accessed onFebruary 26, 2024)
• Computer Entertainment Supplier's Association (2013). Gyōkai Raitā-kara Mita Amyūzument Sangyō-no 40 Nen Dai 3 Kai「Supēsu Inbēdā」-no Bakuhatsu, Soshite「Rejā Kakumei」-e (「業界ライターから見たアミューズメント産業の40年　第３回　「スペースインベーダー」の爆発、そして「レジャー革命」へ」) https://www.cesa.or.jp/efforts/keifu/nakafuji/nakafuji03.html (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• Cross Marketing Inc. (2021). Gēmu-ni Kansuru Chōsa (2021 Nen 8 Gatsu) Konsyūma Gēmu Hen（「 ゲームに関する調査（2021年8月）コンシューマゲーム編」）https://www.cross-m.co.jp/report/it/20210817game/ (Accessed on June 21, 2024)
• Engineer type (2023). Pokemon Go-no Tsugi-ga, Sleep Nanowa Naze? 7 Gatsu 20 Ka Haishin Kaishi! Suimin gēmu Apuri 「Pokemon Srīpu」Rōnchihappyōkai Repo (「ポケモンGOの次が、Sleepなのはなぜ？ 7月20日配信開始！睡眠ゲームアプリ『ポケモンスリープ』ローンチ発表会レポ」)https://type.jp/et/feature/23056/ 　 (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• EXLINK CO., LTD. (2014). Keitai Denwa-to SMS(「携帯電話とSMS」) https://www.ex-sms.com/related/mobilephone/ 　 (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• Famitsū.com (2020). 『Atsumori』Ruikei Hanbai honsū-ga 2240 Manbon-ni. Shirīzu Rekidai Saikō-no Sērusu-o Tassē【Atsumare Dōbutsu-no Mori】 (『あつ森』累計販売本数が2240万本に。シリーズ歴代最高のセールスを達成【あつまれ どうぶつの森】)https://www.famitsu.com/news/202008/06203599.html#:~:text=%E4%BB%BB%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%80%81%E5%B0%8F%E5%A3%B2%E5%BA%97,%E3%82%92%E8%B6%85%E3%81%88%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%80%82(Accessed on June 19, 2024)
• Famitsū.com (2022). 『Famitsū Gēmu Hakusho 2022』-ga Honjitsu（8/25）Hatsubai. Kokunai-no Gēmu Apuri Shijō Kibo-wa Hoka Bunya-o Attō-Suru Kekka-ni.(『ファミ通ゲーム白書 2022』が本日（8/25）発売。国内のゲームアプリ市場規模はほか分野を圧倒する結果に) https://www.famitsu.com/news/202208/25273436.html(Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• GameWith, Inc. (2021). 【Dai 2 Kai Koronaka-ni Okeru Gēmu Purei Jittai Chōsa】Gēmu Purei-ga Kodoku Taisaku-ni Yakudatteiru-to 7 Wari-ga Kaitō, 10 Dai-ga 9 Wari・20 Dai-ga 8 Wari-to Wakai Sedai-de Kencho（【第2回コロナ禍におけるゲームプレイ実態調査】ゲームプレイが孤独対策に役立っていると７割が回答、10代が9割・20代が8割と若い世代で顕著）https://newscast.jp/news/4449061(Accessed on June 23, 2024)
• IRBANK "GungHo Online Entertainment, Inc. corporate performance"(2024). https://irbank.net/E05474/pl (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• Kansai TV News (2019). 【Tokushū】1 Nichi 20 Jiikan, 2 Nenkan Gaishutsu Sezu…「Ge-mu Izonshō」Kanja-no Genjitsu(「【特集】1日20時間、2年間外出せず…『ゲーム依存症』患者の現実」)https://www.ktv.jp/news/feature/20190813/ 　 (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• Logitec (2022). Tanjō-kara Dō Kawatta? Idō Tsūshin Shisutemu-to Awasete Yomitoku Sumaho-no Rekishi(「誕生からどう変わった？　移動通信システムと合わせて読み解くスマホの歴史」 )https://www.logitec.co.jp/data_recovery/column/vol123/　 (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (2021). Kakkyō-o Teisuru Kokunai Gēmusofuto Sangyō: Gēmusofuto Sangyō-no Kongo-no Mitōshi-wa? (「活況を呈する国内ゲームソフト産業；ゲームソフト産業の今後の見通しは？」) https://www.meti.go.jp/statistics/toppage/report/minikaisetsu/hitokoto_kako/20210721hitokoto.html 　(Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (2020). Shingata Korona Uirusu Kansensyō Taisaku-no Tame-no Syōgakkō, Chūgakkō, Kōtōgakkō Oyobi Tokubetsu Shien Gakkō Nado-ni Okeru Issei Rinji Kyūgyō-ni Tsuite（「新型コロナウイルス感染症対策のための小学校，中学校，高等学校及び特別支援学校等における一斉臨時休業について」）https://www.mext.go.jp/content/202002228-mxt_kouhou01-000004520_1.pdf(Accessed on June 21, 2024)
• Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. "Population Projections - January 2024 Report-" 　https://www.stat.go.jp/data/jinsui/pdf/202401.pdf (Accessed on March 05, 2024)
• Moneypost WEB (2021). Kizukeba 700 Man En-mo…Gēmu Hai Kakin-no Numa-kara Nukedashita Hitotachi(「気づけば700万円も…　ゲーム廃課金の“沼”から抜け出した人たち」)https://www.moneypost.jp/787221 　 (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• Mynavi Corporation (2024). Daigakusē-no Gēmu Jijō o Tettei Chōsa! Sukina Gēmu Janru-ya Purei Jikan, Jōhō Syūsyū Hōhō-made Habahiroku Kaisetsu（「大学生のゲーム事情を徹底調査！好きなゲームジャンルやプレイ時間、情報収集方法まで幅広く解説」）https://cm-marketinglab.mynavi.jp/column/research_game24/(Accessed on June 23, 2024)
• National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (2024). Nihon-no Setaisū-no Syōrai Suikei(Zenkoku Suikei) (『日本の世帯数の将来推計(全国推計)』)https://www.ipss.go.jp/pp-ajsetai/j/HPRJ2024/t-page.asp(Accessed on June 21, 2024)
• nippon.com (2021). Dai1kaime-no Kinkyū Jitai Sengen-no Hi, Tōkyō-no Shinki Kansen-wa 87 Nin Datta : Dai 1 Pa-to Dai 3 Ha-o Gurafu-de Hikaku（「第1回目の緊急事態宣言の日、東京の新規感染は87人だった : 第1波と第3波をグラフで比較」）https://www.nippon.com/ja/japan-data/h00908/(Accessed on June 21, 2024)
• Nippon Research Center Ltd. (2020). Enu Āru Shī Repōto 「Sukina Gēmu-wa?」 （「NRCレポート　「好きなゲーム」は？」）https://www.nrc.co.jp/report/200302.html(Accessed on June 23, 2024)
• PR TIME（2022）. Docomo Syoppu-de Kōreisha-muke『Puyopuyo İ Spōtsu Muryō Taikenkai』-o Kaisai!（「ドコモショップで高齢者向け『ぷよぷよeスポーツ無料体験会』を開催！」）https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000004380.000005397.html 　(Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• SHIBUYA109 lab. (2023). Zetto Sedai-no Gēmu-ni Kansuru Ishiki Chōsa(「Z世代のゲームに関する意識調査」)https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000236.000033586.html 　 (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• Spike Chunsoft Co., Ltd. (2024). PLAY VIDEO AND LIVEhttps://www.spike-chunsoft.co.jp/playlicense/ (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• SAITAMA SHINBUN (2022). Obāchan-mo「Puyo Puyo」70 Dai, 80 Dai. Kōpurē-ni Kansei İ-supōtsu-de Ninchishō Yobō, Tsurugashimashi-ga Katsuyō Shien「おばあちゃんも「ぷよぷよ」　70、80代、好プレーに歓声　eスポーツで認知症予防、鶴ケ島市が活用支援」https://www.saitama-np.co.jp/articles/12811/postDetail 　 (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• Steam Hardware & Software Survey. https://store.steampowered.com/hwsurvey/Steam-Hardware-Software-Survey-Welcome-to-Steam 　(Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• STS DIGITAL, Inc (2024). 【2413 Nin-ni Chōsa】2 Ri-ni 1 Ri-wa Pazuru Gēmu-o Insutōru Shita Koto-ga Aru!? 〜Gēmu Apuri-ni Tsuiteno Ankēto〜（「【2413人に調査】2人に1人はパズルゲームをインストールしたことがある！？〜ゲームアプリについてのアンケート〜」）https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000016.000135770.html(Accessed on June 23, 2024)
• The Asahi Shinbun GLOBE＋(2021). 70 Sai Chō-to Shōgakusei, 「Puyo Puyo」 Taiketsu I-Supo-tsu-ga Umu Kenkō-to Kōryū, Kumamoto-de Mita(「70歳超と小学生、「ぷよぷよ」対決　eスポーツが生む健康と交流、熊本で見た」)https://globe.asahi.com/article/14344030 　 (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• The Game Age Research Institute, Inc. (2023). 2022 Nen-no Mobairu Gēmu Purei Jikan-o Chōsa_Kako 2 Nen-to Hikaku shi, Mobairu Gēmu Purei Jikan-wa Yaku 10% Gen)(「2022年のモバイルゲームプレイ時間を調査_過去2年と比較し、モバイルゲームプレイ時間は約10%減」)https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000121.000039514.html　 (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• THE SANKEI SHIMBUN (2018). 100 Endama-no Omomi-de Jidōsha-ga Katamuita…Gēmu Būmu-no Ganso 「Supēsu Inbēdā」 40 Shūnen-no Kiseki(「１００円玉の重みで自動車が傾いた…ゲームブームの元祖「スペースインベーダー」４０周年の軌跡」)https://www.sankei.com/article/20180907-TABSYZQCZJM5ZDGAS6PZ22FLJA/2/ 　 (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• THE SANKEI SHIMBUN (2023). Famikon Hatsubai 40 Nen Mario-ya Dorakue, Rihabiri-nimo…Gēmu-ga Umidasu Atarashī Bunka (「ファミコン発売４０年　マリオやドラクエ、リハビリにも…ゲームが生み出す新しい文化」)https://www.sankei.com/article/20230714CVL77FJTH5AGPD4QTHNFGAFWRY/ 　 (Accessed on February 26, 2024)
• TUF (2023). Puyo Puyo, Taiko-no Tatsujin, Guran Tsūrisumo…Kōrēsha-no Ikigai Zukuri-ni「İ supōtsu」Taiken Fukushima「ぷよぷよ、太鼓の達人、グランツーリスモ…高齢者の生きがいづくりに「eスポーツ」体験　福島」https://newsdig.tbs.co.jp/articles/tuf/572023?display=1 　 (Accessed on February 26, 2024)