İhracat Piyasalarındaki Tekelci Yapılar Karşısında Küçük Tarım İşletmelerinin İhracat Olanakları : Yalova İli Özelinde Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 165 - 191, 24.10.2023

Zelha Altınkaya

Abstract

Bu çalışma, tarım ürünleri ihracat piyasalarında eksik rekabetin varlığını sorgulamayı ve Türkiye’deki küçük tarım işletmelerinin, bu piyasalarda ihracat yapabilmeleri için kuracakları iş birlikleri üzerine, kavramsal, teorik bir değerlendirme yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Liberalizm, uluslararası ticareti, tam rekabetçi piyasa yapılarında, arz ve talebin birlikte oluşturduğu piyasa dengesi ile açıklar. Klasik uluslararası ticaret teorilerinin temel varsayımlarını karşılayan tek piyasa, tarım ürünleri piyasasıdır. Bu makale, bu varsayıma karşın, tarım piyasalarındaki tekelci piyasalara ilişkin, kavramsal ve teorik bir açıklama getirmekte, bir model önerisi yapmaktadır. Çalışma, tarihi vaka ve istatistiki veri analizi metodunu kullanmıştır. Literatür taraması sonucunda, dünya tarım ürünleri ihracat piyasa yapısının tekelci olduğu; istatistiki bilgilerle de Türk tarım ürünleri piyasasının, tam rekabetçi piyasalarda olduğu gibi çok küçük üreticilerden oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu üreticilerin, kooperatif çatısında ihracat yapmalarının, stratejik ticaret teorilerinin öneri sürdüğü gibi, yurtdışındaki tekelci piyasalara karşı fiyatlarını ve miktarlarını kendi belirleyebilecekleri rekabet şartlarını elde etmeleri ve tekelci piyasalardaki aşırı karların ülkeye yönlendirilmesinde önemli bir üstünlük sunacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Literatürde az sayıda çalışma vardır. Türkiye’de çok sayıda kooperatif olmasına karşın, bu kooperatifleri, küçük ölçekli üreticilerin, stratejik ticaret politikalarının, dünya ihracat piyasalarındaki aşırı karları Türkiye’ye kaydırılması konusunda bir politika izlemesine ilişkin de az sayıda çalışmadan biri olacaktır. Ayrıca, oyun teorisinin tarım ürünleri piyasasında uygulanması konusunda özgünlük taşımaktadır. Araştırma, Yalova ili özelinde bir saha çalışmasını da içermektedir.

Keywords

tarım, ihracat, tekelci yapılar, kooperatif, Yalova

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