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Öfke Atakları ile Depresyon Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 381 - 388, 24.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.491311

Abstract



Öfke ve depresyon uzun yıllardır psikologların, özellikle de
klinik alanda çalışan araştırmacıların ilgi odağı olmuş iki konu başlığıdır. Bu
iki olgu arasındaki az çalışılmış bir konu olmasına rağmen, farklı yaklaşımlar
tarafından değişik şekillerde yorumlanmıştır. Psikanalist yaklaşım, evrimsel
yaklaşım ve bilişsel yaklaşım bu konuya açıklama getirmeye çalışan
yaklaşımlardan bazılarıdır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda ise, öfke konusu
“öfke nöbetleri” gibi belirli bir alana indirgenerek depresyon ile ilişkisi
araştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. İki olgunun arasında bir ilişki olduğu mutlak
olmakla birlikte, bu ilişkinin yönü henüz netlik kazanmamıştır. İlk çalışmalar
daha çok unipolar depresyon ile öfke nöbetleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelerken,
son yıllarda bipolar depresyon gibi farklı türde depresyon hastaları ile
çalışmaların arttığı görülmektedir. Öfke nöbetlerinin, depresyonu açıklayan bir
değişken olduğu; depresyon hastalarının ve yakın çevrelerinin hayatlarını
olumsuz yönde etkilediği ve depresyonun belirleyici bir semptomu olabileceği
savunulmuştur. Beck Depresyon Envanteri puanları öfke nöbetlerinin en güçlü
yordayıcısı olarak bulunmuştur. Öfke nöbetlerinin, depresif psikopatolojinin
önemli bir özelliği olarak görülmesi gerektiği bulgulardan çıkarılan sonuçlar
arasındadır. Bu çalışmada, önce öfke depresyon arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamaya
çalışan yaklaşımlardan örnekler verilmiş ve öfke nöbetleri ve depresyon
ilişkisi ile ilgili literatür özetlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Depresyon ve öfke
arasındaki ilişkinin anlaşılır hale gelmesinin, tedavi yaklaşımları açısından
faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Depresyon öfke nöbetlerinin yordayıcısı olarak
ele alınmalı mıdır yoksa öfke nöbetleri depresyonun sonucu olarak mı ortaya
çıkmaktadır gibi sorulara verilecek cevaplar ile bu ilişkinin yönü açıklığa
kavuşacaktır. 



References

  • Averill, J. R. (1982). Anger and aggression: An essay on emotion. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
  • Becker, E.W., Lesiak, W.J. (1977). Feelings of hostility and personal control as related to depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33, 654-657.
  • Ben-Zur, H., & Breznitz, S. (1991). What makes people angry: Dimensions of anger-evoking events. Journal of Research in personality, 25(1), 1-22.
  • Berkowitz, L. (1962). Aggression: A social psychological analysis. New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill.
  • Berkowitz, L. (1990). On the formation and regulation of anger and aggression: A cognitive-neoassociationistic analysis. American Psychologist, 45(4), 494.
  • Cassiello-Robbins, C, Barlow, D.H. (2016). Anger: The unrecognized emotion in emotional disorders. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 23, 66-85.
  • Clay, L.D., Anderson, W.P., Dixon, W.A. (1993). Relationship between anger and expression and stres in predicting depression. Journal of Counseling & Development, 72, 91-94.
  • Dalgleish, T., & Power, M. J. (1995). Theorectical approaches to posttraumatic stress disorder: The SPAARS model. In Fourth European Conference on Traumatic Stress Paris, France (pp. 7-11).
  • Dollard, J., Miller, N. E., Doob, L. W., Mowrer, O. H., & Sears, R. R. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven, CT, US: Yale University Press.
  • Fava, M. (1998). Depression with anger attacks. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59, 18-22.
  • Fava, M., Alpert, J., Nierenberg, A.A., Ghaemi, N., O'Sullivan, R., Tedlow, J., ... & Rosenbaum, J.F. (1996). Fluoxetine treatment of anger attacks: A replication study. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 8(1), 7-10.
  • Fava, M., Anderson, K., Rosenbaum, J.F. (1990). Anger attacks: Possible variants of panic and major depressive disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147(7), 867-870.
  • Fava, M., Nierenberg, A.A., Quitkin, F.M., Zisook, S. (1997). A preliminary study on the efficacy of sertraline and imipramine on anger attacks in atypical depression and dysthymia. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 33(1), 101-103.
  • Fava, M., Rosenbaum, J.F., McCarthy, M.K., Pava, J.A., Steingard, R.J., Bless, E. (1991). Anger attacks in depressed outpatients and their response to fluoxetine. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 27, 275-279.
  • Fava, M., Rosenbaum, J.F., Pava, J.A., McCarthy, M.K., Steingard, R.J., & Bouffides, E. (1993). Anger attacks in unipolar depression, Part 1: Clinical correlates and response to fluoxetine treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1158-1158.
  • Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and melancholia. London: Hogart Press.
  • Grover, S., Painuly, N., Gupta, N., & Mattoo, S.K. (2011). Anger attacks in bipolar versus recurrent depression. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(4), 239.
  • Goldman, L., Hagga, D.A.F. (1995). Depression and the experience and expression of anger in marital and other relationships. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 183(8), 505-509.
  • Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., ... & Kendler, K. S. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51(1), 8-19.
  • Luutonen, S. (2007). Anger and depression-Theoretical and clinical considerations. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 61(4), 246-251.
  • Mammen, O.K., Pilkonis, P.A., Chengappa, K.N., & Kupfer, D.J. (2004). Anger attacks in bipolar depression: Predictors and response to citalopram added to mood stabilizers. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65(5), 627-633.
  • Novaco, R.W. (1975). Anger control: The development and evaluation of an experimental treatment. Oxford, England: Lexington.
  • Painuly, N., Grover, S., Gupta, N., & Mattoo, S.K. (2011). Prevalence of anger attacks in depressive and anxiety disorders: Implications for their construct? Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 65(2), 165-174.
  • Painuly, N., Sharan, P., & Mattoo, S.K. (2007). Antecedents, concomitants and consequences of anger attacks in depression. Psychiatry Research, 153(1), 39-45.
  • Painuly, N., Sharan, P., & Mattoo, S.K. (2005). Relationship of anger and anger attacks with depression. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 255(4), 215-222.
  • Sayar, K., Güzelhan, Y., Solmaz, M., Özer, Ö.A., Öztürk, M., Acar, B., Arıkan, M. (2000). Anger attacks in depressed Turkish outpatients. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 12(4), 213-218.
  • Schless, A.P., Mendels, J., Kipperman, A., & Cochrane, C. (1974). Depression and hostility. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 159(2), 91-100.
  • Snell Jr, W.E., McDonald, K., & Koch, W.R. (1991). Anger provoking experiences: A multidimensional scaling analysis. Personality and individual differences, 12(10), 1095-1104.

Investigation of the Relationship between Anger Attacks and Depression

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 381 - 388, 24.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.491311

Abstract



Anger and
depression have long been the focus of attention of psychologists, especially
clinical researchers. Although it is a less studied subject, it has been
interpreted in different ways by different approaches. Psychoanalyst approach,
evolutionary approach and cognitive approach are some of the approaches that
try to explain this issue. In recent studies, the relation between depression
and depression has been reduced to a certain area such as anger attacks.
Although there is an absolute relationship between two, the direction of this
relationship has not been clarified yet. While the first studies examined the
relationship between the anger attacks and unipolar depression, in recent years
studies with different types of depression patients such as bipolar depression
have increased. Anger is a variable explaining depression; it has been argued
that depression patients and their family are adversely affected. Beck
Depression Inventory scores were found to be the strongest predictor of anger
attacks. Findings that anger attacks should be seen as an important feature of
depressive psychopathology are among the findings. In this study, we first
tried to explain the relationship between anger and depression. The
understanding of the relationship between depression and anger is considered to
be useful in terms of treatment approaches. Whether depression should be
considered as a predictor of anger attacks or anger attacks occur as a result
of depression is a question that should be clarified.



References

  • Averill, J. R. (1982). Anger and aggression: An essay on emotion. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
  • Becker, E.W., Lesiak, W.J. (1977). Feelings of hostility and personal control as related to depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33, 654-657.
  • Ben-Zur, H., & Breznitz, S. (1991). What makes people angry: Dimensions of anger-evoking events. Journal of Research in personality, 25(1), 1-22.
  • Berkowitz, L. (1962). Aggression: A social psychological analysis. New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill.
  • Berkowitz, L. (1990). On the formation and regulation of anger and aggression: A cognitive-neoassociationistic analysis. American Psychologist, 45(4), 494.
  • Cassiello-Robbins, C, Barlow, D.H. (2016). Anger: The unrecognized emotion in emotional disorders. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 23, 66-85.
  • Clay, L.D., Anderson, W.P., Dixon, W.A. (1993). Relationship between anger and expression and stres in predicting depression. Journal of Counseling & Development, 72, 91-94.
  • Dalgleish, T., & Power, M. J. (1995). Theorectical approaches to posttraumatic stress disorder: The SPAARS model. In Fourth European Conference on Traumatic Stress Paris, France (pp. 7-11).
  • Dollard, J., Miller, N. E., Doob, L. W., Mowrer, O. H., & Sears, R. R. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven, CT, US: Yale University Press.
  • Fava, M. (1998). Depression with anger attacks. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59, 18-22.
  • Fava, M., Alpert, J., Nierenberg, A.A., Ghaemi, N., O'Sullivan, R., Tedlow, J., ... & Rosenbaum, J.F. (1996). Fluoxetine treatment of anger attacks: A replication study. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 8(1), 7-10.
  • Fava, M., Anderson, K., Rosenbaum, J.F. (1990). Anger attacks: Possible variants of panic and major depressive disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147(7), 867-870.
  • Fava, M., Nierenberg, A.A., Quitkin, F.M., Zisook, S. (1997). A preliminary study on the efficacy of sertraline and imipramine on anger attacks in atypical depression and dysthymia. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 33(1), 101-103.
  • Fava, M., Rosenbaum, J.F., McCarthy, M.K., Pava, J.A., Steingard, R.J., Bless, E. (1991). Anger attacks in depressed outpatients and their response to fluoxetine. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 27, 275-279.
  • Fava, M., Rosenbaum, J.F., Pava, J.A., McCarthy, M.K., Steingard, R.J., & Bouffides, E. (1993). Anger attacks in unipolar depression, Part 1: Clinical correlates and response to fluoxetine treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1158-1158.
  • Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and melancholia. London: Hogart Press.
  • Grover, S., Painuly, N., Gupta, N., & Mattoo, S.K. (2011). Anger attacks in bipolar versus recurrent depression. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(4), 239.
  • Goldman, L., Hagga, D.A.F. (1995). Depression and the experience and expression of anger in marital and other relationships. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 183(8), 505-509.
  • Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., ... & Kendler, K. S. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51(1), 8-19.
  • Luutonen, S. (2007). Anger and depression-Theoretical and clinical considerations. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 61(4), 246-251.
  • Mammen, O.K., Pilkonis, P.A., Chengappa, K.N., & Kupfer, D.J. (2004). Anger attacks in bipolar depression: Predictors and response to citalopram added to mood stabilizers. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65(5), 627-633.
  • Novaco, R.W. (1975). Anger control: The development and evaluation of an experimental treatment. Oxford, England: Lexington.
  • Painuly, N., Grover, S., Gupta, N., & Mattoo, S.K. (2011). Prevalence of anger attacks in depressive and anxiety disorders: Implications for their construct? Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 65(2), 165-174.
  • Painuly, N., Sharan, P., & Mattoo, S.K. (2007). Antecedents, concomitants and consequences of anger attacks in depression. Psychiatry Research, 153(1), 39-45.
  • Painuly, N., Sharan, P., & Mattoo, S.K. (2005). Relationship of anger and anger attacks with depression. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 255(4), 215-222.
  • Sayar, K., Güzelhan, Y., Solmaz, M., Özer, Ö.A., Öztürk, M., Acar, B., Arıkan, M. (2000). Anger attacks in depressed Turkish outpatients. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 12(4), 213-218.
  • Schless, A.P., Mendels, J., Kipperman, A., & Cochrane, C. (1974). Depression and hostility. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 159(2), 91-100.
  • Snell Jr, W.E., McDonald, K., & Koch, W.R. (1991). Anger provoking experiences: A multidimensional scaling analysis. Personality and individual differences, 12(10), 1095-1104.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Volume:2, Issue:4 December
Authors

Nilgün Çepelioğullar 0000-0001-6127-0598

Publication Date December 24, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 2 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Çepelioğullar, N. (2018). Öfke Atakları ile Depresyon Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 2(4), 381-388. https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.491311