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AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN AKDENİZ POLİTİKALARI ÖZELİNDE STRATEJİK ÖZERKLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2021, Volume: 19 Issue: 4, 232 - 256, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.992657

Abstract

Stratejik özerklik, Avrupa Birliği’nin geleceği ve güvenliğinin bir teminatıdır. Uzun yıllardır Avrupa siyasetinde kendine yer bulan kavram, Birlik içindeki ve dışındaki gelişmeler neticesinde son zamanların sıklıkla tartışılan konularından biri haline gelmiştir. Avrupa Birliği’nin stratejik özerkliği kendi içinde entegrasyonun uyumunu, birliğini ve bütünlüğünü sağlamasını, yakın çevresi ve komşu bölgelerinde ise daha fazla risk ve sorumluluk almasını gerektirmektedir. Bu çerçevede, Akdeniz Bölgesi, Avrupa Birliği’nin stratejik özerkliğinin değerlendirilebileceği alanların başında gelmektedir. Bölge ülkelerine yönelik politikalarını 1960’ların başında ikili çerçevede başlatan Avrupa Birliği, özellikle 2004 yılında Avrupa Komşuluk Politikasını kabul etmesinden itibaren kurumsal bir çerçevede devam ettirmektedir. Avrupa Birliği’nin Akdeniz’e yönelik girişimleri stratejik özerkliğinin bir yansıması olarak kabul edilse de uygulamadaki hatalar ve eksiklikler Birliğin stratejik bir aktör olmanın gerektirdiği net bir stratejiden yoksun olduğunu göstermektedir. Mevcut şartlar altında tüm girişimlerine ve etkili bir stratejik özerkliğe sahip olma ihtiyacına rağmen, Avrupa Birliği’nin Avrupa-Arap Diyaloğu sürecinden itibaren Akdeniz’e yönelik uygulamaları hem Brüksel'in hem de ilgili ülkelerin sıkışıp kaldığı bir bataklık olarak kalmakta ve Avrupa Birliği’nin stratejik özerklik iddialarını zayıflatmaktadır.

References

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  • Aydın Düzgit, S. (2013) “Avrupa Birliği Genişlemesi ve Komşuluk Politikası”, A. Kaya (ed.) Avrupa Birliği Hakkında Merak Ettikleriniz, İstanbul: Hiperlink Yayınları, 63-75.
  • Barnes-Dacey, J. ve Dworkin, A. (2020) “Promoting European Strategic Sovereignty in the Southern Neighbourhood”, European Council on Foreign Relations – Policy Brief, https://ecfr.eu/publication/promoting-european-strategic-sovereignty-in-the-southern-neighbourhood.
  • Behr, T. (2012a) “The European Union’s Mediterranean Policies after the Arab Spring: Can the Leopard Change its Spots?”, Amsterdam Law Forum, 2(2): 76-88.
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  • Biscop, S. (2019) “European Strategic Autonomy and the Use of Force”, Egmont Paper 103, https://www.egmontinstitute.be/content/uploads/2019/01/EP103.pdf?type=pdf.
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  • Glucroft, W. N. (2021) “Wolfgang Ischinger: Europe is Surrounded by a ‘Ring of Fire’,” Deutsche Welle, 12 Şubat 12, 2021, https://www.dw.com/en/wolfgang-ischinger-europe-is-surrounded-by-a-ring-of-fire/a-56543158.
  • Giovanni, G. (2019) “Strategic Autonomy for European Choices: The Key to Europe’s Shaping Power”, European Policy Centre - Discussion Paper, http://aei.pitt.edu/100408/1/pub_9300_strategic_autonomy_for_european_choices2.pdf.
  • Grevi, G. (2020) “Europe’s path to strategic recovery: Brace, Empower and Engage”, European Policy Centre Discussion Paper, https://www.epc.eu/en/Publications/Europes-path-to-strategic-recovery-Brace-empower-and-engage~31c43c.
  • Gozzi, G. (2018) “Critical Perspectives on Euro-Mediterranean Relations after the “Arab Spring””, Marmara University Journal of Political Science, 6(Özel Sayı): 19-37.
  • Kurtbağ, Ö. (2003) “Avrupa-Akdeniz Ortaklığı: Barselona Süreci”, Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(1): 73-92.
  • Leonard, M. ve Shapiro, J. (2019) “Strategic Sovereignty: How Europe can Regain the Capacity to Act”, https://www.geostrategia.fr/strategic-sovereignty-how-europe-can-regain-the-capacity-to-act.
  • Lepri, L. (2021) “Another Step of the Partnership with the Southern Neighbourhood: The New Agenda for the Mediterranean”, EU Logos, https://www.eu-logos.org/2021/04/07/another-step-of-the-partnership-with-the-southern-neighbourhood-the-new-agenda-for-the-mediterranean/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=another-step-of-the-partnership-with-the-southern-neighbourhood-the-new-agenda-for-the-mediterranean.
  • Michel, C. (2020) “Strategic Autonomy for Europe - The Aim of Our Generation’ - Speech to the Bruegel Think Tank”, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2020/09/28/l-autonomie-strategique-europeenne-est-l-objectif-de-notre-generation-discours-du-president-charles-michel-au-groupe-de-reflexion-bruegel.
  • Moran, J. (2021) “How New is the EU’s New Agenda for the Mediterranean?”, Centre for European Political Studies, https://www.ceps.eu/how-new-is-the-eus-new-agenda-for-the-mediterranean.
  • Pierros, F., Meunier, J. ve Abrams, S. (1999) Bridges and Barriers: The European Union’'s Mediterranean Policy, 1961- 1998, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Romeo, I. (1998) “The European Union and North Africa: Keeping the Mediterranean ‘Safe’ for Europe”, Mediterranean Politics, 3(2): 21-38.
  • Smith, E. K. (2005) “The Outsiders: the European Neighbourhood Policy”, International Affairs, 81(4): 757-773.
  • Tirkides, Y. ve Theophanous, A. (2011) “From the Barcelona Process to the Union for the Mediterranean: Rhetoric versus the Record”, M. N. Jovanović (ed.) International Handbook on the Economics of Integration Volume 1: General Issues and Regional Groups, Massachusetts, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 326-349.
  • Tocci, N. (2021) “European Strategic Autonomy: What It Is? Why We Need It? How to Achieve It?”, https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/9788893681780.pdf.
  • Ünal, M. C. (2017) “‘Arap Baharı’ Sonrası Avrupa Komşuluk Politikasının Geleceği”, Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 16(2): 147-170.
  • Yazgan, H. (2018) “AB’nin Güney Komşuları ile İlişkileri: Göçün Güvenlikleştirilmesi ve Sivil Topluma Etkiler”. Mukaddime - Özel Sayı, 1: 21-37.

AN ANALYSIS ON THE STRATEGIC AUTONOMY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK ITS MEDITERRANEAN POLITICS

Year 2021, Volume: 19 Issue: 4, 232 - 256, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.992657

Abstract

Strategic autonomy accepted as a guarantee for the future and security of the European Union has been in the European politics for many years. Recently, it has become one of the most frequently discussed topics as the result of the developments both inside and outside the Union. The strategic autonomy of the European Union requires it to ensure its unity and integrity within itself, and to take more risks and responsibilities in its neighbouring regions. In this framework, the Mediterranean region appears as one of the leading areas to test the success and effectiveness of the strategic autonomy of the European Union. Although its initiatives towards the Mediterranean since the Euro-Arab Dialogue can be accepted as a reflection of its strategic autonomy, the mistakes and deficiencies in their implementation show that the European Union lacks a clear regional strategy required to be recognised as a strategic actor.

References

  • Akgül Açıkmeşe, S. (2005) “Management of Security in EU’s Neighborhood: Union’s Tactics Revisited”, Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, 10(3): 1-25.
  • Asseburg, M. (2014) “The EU in the Middle East and North Africa: Helpless Bystander Rather Than Effective Democracy Promoter or Stabilizing Force”, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik - SWP Comments 50, https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/comments/2014C50_ass.pdf
  • Aydın Düzgit, S. (2013) “Avrupa Birliği Genişlemesi ve Komşuluk Politikası”, A. Kaya (ed.) Avrupa Birliği Hakkında Merak Ettikleriniz, İstanbul: Hiperlink Yayınları, 63-75.
  • Barnes-Dacey, J. ve Dworkin, A. (2020) “Promoting European Strategic Sovereignty in the Southern Neighbourhood”, European Council on Foreign Relations – Policy Brief, https://ecfr.eu/publication/promoting-european-strategic-sovereignty-in-the-southern-neighbourhood.
  • Behr, T. (2012a) “The European Union’s Mediterranean Policies after the Arab Spring: Can the Leopard Change its Spots?”, Amsterdam Law Forum, 2(2): 76-88.
  • Behr, T. (2012) “After the Revolution: The EU and the Arab Transition”, Notre Europe – Policy Paper 54, http://www.institutdelors.eu/media/eu_arabtransition_t.behr_ne_april2012.pdf?pdf=ok.
  • Bicchi, F. (2014) “The Politics of Foreign aid and the European Neighbourhood Policy Post-Arab Spring: ‘More for More’ or ‘Less of the Same’”, Mediterranean Politics, 19: 318-332.
  • Biscop, S. (2019) “European Strategic Autonomy and the Use of Force”, Egmont Paper 103, https://www.egmontinstitute.be/content/uploads/2019/01/EP103.pdf?type=pdf.
  • Cicioğlu, F. ve Kalaycı, R. (2012) “Avrupa Birliği’nin Akdeniz Politikası ve Barselona Süreci”, A. Ayata ve M. Ercan (ed.), Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye ile İlişkileri, İlişkilerin Siyasi, Askeri, Ekonomik ve Kültürel Çerçevesi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi, 213-235.
  • Commission of the European Communities (2003) “Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament - COM(2003) 104 final - Wider Europe - Neighbourhood: A New Framework for Relations with our Eastern and Southern Neighbours”, https://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/enp/pdf/pdf/com03_104_en.pdf.
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  • Council of the European Union (2016) “Council Conclusions on Implementing the EU Global Strategy in the Area of Security and Defence - 14149/16”, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/22459/eugs-conclusions-st14149en16.pdf.
  • European Commission (2011a) “Joint Communication to the European Council, the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – COM(2011) 200 final - A Partnership for Democracy and Shared Prosperity with the Southern Mediterranean”, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0200:FIN:en:PDF.
  • European Commission (2011b) “Joint Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – COM(2011) 303 final - A New Response to a Changing Neighbourhood”, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HR/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52011DC0303
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  • European Commission (2021) “Joint Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – JOIN(2021) 2 final - Renewed partnership with the Southern Neighbourhood - A new Agenda for the Mediterranean”, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52021JC0002&from=EN.
  • European Council (2015) “Council Conclusions on the Review of the European Neighbourhood Policy”, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2015/04/20/council-conclusions-review-european-neighbourhood-policy.
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  • European Union (2020) “A Roadmap for Recovery – Towards a More Resilient, Sustainable and Fair Europe”, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/43384/roadmap-for-recovery-final-21-04-2020.pdf
  • European Union External Action Service (2016) “Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe - A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy”. https://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/top_stories/pdf/eugs_review_web.pdf.
  • European Union External Action Service (2020) “Why European Strategic Autonomy Matters”, https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/89865/why-european-strategic-autonomy-matters_en.
  • European Union External Action Service (2021), “European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)”, https://eeas.europa.eu/diplomatic-network/european-neighbourhood-policy-enp/330/european-neighbourhood-policy-enp_en.
  • Final Declaration of Barcelona Euro-Mediterranean Ministerial Conference. 1995. http://www.eeas.europa.eu/euromed/docs/bd_en.pdf.
  • Glucroft, W. N. (2021) “Wolfgang Ischinger: Europe is Surrounded by a ‘Ring of Fire’,” Deutsche Welle, 12 Şubat 12, 2021, https://www.dw.com/en/wolfgang-ischinger-europe-is-surrounded-by-a-ring-of-fire/a-56543158.
  • Giovanni, G. (2019) “Strategic Autonomy for European Choices: The Key to Europe’s Shaping Power”, European Policy Centre - Discussion Paper, http://aei.pitt.edu/100408/1/pub_9300_strategic_autonomy_for_european_choices2.pdf.
  • Grevi, G. (2020) “Europe’s path to strategic recovery: Brace, Empower and Engage”, European Policy Centre Discussion Paper, https://www.epc.eu/en/Publications/Europes-path-to-strategic-recovery-Brace-empower-and-engage~31c43c.
  • Gozzi, G. (2018) “Critical Perspectives on Euro-Mediterranean Relations after the “Arab Spring””, Marmara University Journal of Political Science, 6(Özel Sayı): 19-37.
  • Kurtbağ, Ö. (2003) “Avrupa-Akdeniz Ortaklığı: Barselona Süreci”, Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(1): 73-92.
  • Leonard, M. ve Shapiro, J. (2019) “Strategic Sovereignty: How Europe can Regain the Capacity to Act”, https://www.geostrategia.fr/strategic-sovereignty-how-europe-can-regain-the-capacity-to-act.
  • Lepri, L. (2021) “Another Step of the Partnership with the Southern Neighbourhood: The New Agenda for the Mediterranean”, EU Logos, https://www.eu-logos.org/2021/04/07/another-step-of-the-partnership-with-the-southern-neighbourhood-the-new-agenda-for-the-mediterranean/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=another-step-of-the-partnership-with-the-southern-neighbourhood-the-new-agenda-for-the-mediterranean.
  • Michel, C. (2020) “Strategic Autonomy for Europe - The Aim of Our Generation’ - Speech to the Bruegel Think Tank”, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2020/09/28/l-autonomie-strategique-europeenne-est-l-objectif-de-notre-generation-discours-du-president-charles-michel-au-groupe-de-reflexion-bruegel.
  • Moran, J. (2021) “How New is the EU’s New Agenda for the Mediterranean?”, Centre for European Political Studies, https://www.ceps.eu/how-new-is-the-eus-new-agenda-for-the-mediterranean.
  • Pierros, F., Meunier, J. ve Abrams, S. (1999) Bridges and Barriers: The European Union’'s Mediterranean Policy, 1961- 1998, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Romeo, I. (1998) “The European Union and North Africa: Keeping the Mediterranean ‘Safe’ for Europe”, Mediterranean Politics, 3(2): 21-38.
  • Smith, E. K. (2005) “The Outsiders: the European Neighbourhood Policy”, International Affairs, 81(4): 757-773.
  • Tirkides, Y. ve Theophanous, A. (2011) “From the Barcelona Process to the Union for the Mediterranean: Rhetoric versus the Record”, M. N. Jovanović (ed.) International Handbook on the Economics of Integration Volume 1: General Issues and Regional Groups, Massachusetts, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 326-349.
  • Tocci, N. (2021) “European Strategic Autonomy: What It Is? Why We Need It? How to Achieve It?”, https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/9788893681780.pdf.
  • Ünal, M. C. (2017) “‘Arap Baharı’ Sonrası Avrupa Komşuluk Politikasının Geleceği”, Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 16(2): 147-170.
  • Yazgan, H. (2018) “AB’nin Güney Komşuları ile İlişkileri: Göçün Güvenlikleştirilmesi ve Sivil Topluma Etkiler”. Mukaddime - Özel Sayı, 1: 21-37.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ebru Oğurlu 0000-0003-0538-5985

Early Pub Date December 31, 2021
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 19 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Oğurlu, E. (2021). AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN AKDENİZ POLİTİKALARI ÖZELİNDE STRATEJİK ÖZERKLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 19(4), 232-256. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.992657
AMA Oğurlu E. AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN AKDENİZ POLİTİKALARI ÖZELİNDE STRATEJİK ÖZERKLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. December 2021;19(4):232-256. doi:10.11611/yead.992657
Chicago Oğurlu, Ebru. “AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN AKDENİZ POLİTİKALARI ÖZELİNDE STRATEJİK ÖZERKLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 19, no. 4 (December 2021): 232-56. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.992657.
EndNote Oğurlu E (December 1, 2021) AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN AKDENİZ POLİTİKALARI ÖZELİNDE STRATEJİK ÖZERKLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 19 4 232–256.
IEEE E. Oğurlu, “AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN AKDENİZ POLİTİKALARI ÖZELİNDE STRATEJİK ÖZERKLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 232–256, 2021, doi: 10.11611/yead.992657.
ISNAD Oğurlu, Ebru. “AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN AKDENİZ POLİTİKALARI ÖZELİNDE STRATEJİK ÖZERKLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 19/4 (December 2021), 232-256. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.992657.
JAMA Oğurlu E. AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN AKDENİZ POLİTİKALARI ÖZELİNDE STRATEJİK ÖZERKLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2021;19:232–256.
MLA Oğurlu, Ebru. “AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN AKDENİZ POLİTİKALARI ÖZELİNDE STRATEJİK ÖZERKLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 19, no. 4, 2021, pp. 232-56, doi:10.11611/yead.992657.
Vancouver Oğurlu E. AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN AKDENİZ POLİTİKALARI ÖZELİNDE STRATEJİK ÖZERKLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2021;19(4):232-56.