<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2718-0972</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Yozgat Bozok University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Nursing</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Hemşirelik</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>FACTORS AFFECTING BULLYING AND CYBERBULLYING IN ADOLESCENTS</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>ERGENLERDE ZORBALIK VE SİBER ZORBALIĞI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9827-0655</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Özbey</surname>
                                    <given-names>Harun</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ERCİYES ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0752-6614</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Başdaş</surname>
                                    <given-names>Öznur</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ERCİYES ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20220809">
                    <day>08</day>
                    <month>09</month>
                    <year>2022</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>3</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>106</fpage>
                                        <lpage>116</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20220302">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>02</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20220506">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>06</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2020, YOBU Faculty of Health Sciences Journal</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>YOBU Faculty of Health Sciences Journal</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Objective: This study was carried out as a descriptive study to determine the factors affecting bullying and cyberbullying in adolescents. Methods: The study was conducted with 544 adolescents aged 12-17 years in primary and secondary school grades 7-12. The data of the study were collected with the Introductory Characteristics Form and the Bullying and Cyberbullying Scale for Adolescents (CIS-A). In the evaluation of the data, descriptive Statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, minimum, maximum), Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance were used. Results: It has been determined that the rates of being exposed to physical, verbal, relational and cyberbullying and bullying of adolescents vary between 5-17%. In adolescents, boys (physical: p≤0.001, relational: p=0.003), 7-9. Those who study in the classroom (physical: p≤0.001, verbal: p≤0.001, relational: p=0.041, cyber: p=0.008), those who do not feel safe at school (p≤0.001), those whose parents punish (p≤0.001) and those who have low academic achievement Those with (physical: p=0.003, verbal: p=0.004, relational: p=0.018) were exposed to more bullying and boys (physical: p≤0.001, verbal: p=0.005, relational: p=0.006, cyber: p≤0.001), 7-9. those who study in the classroom (physical: p=0.005, verbal: p=0.004, cyber: p=0.021), those whose parents punish (physical: p=0.009, verbal: p≤0.001) and those with low academic achievement (physical: p=0.010, relational: p=0.008, cyber: p≤0.001). Conclusions: It has been determined that the rate of being exposed to physical, verbal, relational and cyber bullying and bullying of adolescents is higher than 5.0%. Among the adolescents participating in the study, boys, 7-9. It has been determined that those who study in the classroom, those whose parents punish and those with low academic success are exposed to more bullying and are bullied.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Amaç: Bu çalışma, ergenlerde zorbalık ve siber zorbalığı etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarakgerçekleştirilmiştir.Yöntem: Çalışma, ilköğretim ve ortaöğretim 7-12. sınıflarda öğrenim gören 12-17 yaş arası 544 ergen ile yapılmıştır.Çalışmanın verileri, Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu ve Ergenler İçin Zorbalık ve Siber Zorbalık Ölçeği (ZSÖ-E) ile toplanmıştır.Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde, tanımlayıcı istatistikler (ortalama, standart sapma, frekans, yüzde, minimum, maximum),Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal-Wallis Varyans Analizi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Ergenlerin fiziksel, sözel, ilişkisel ve siber zorbalığa maruz kalma ve zorbalık uygulama oranlarının %5-17arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Ergenlerde, erkeklerin (fiziksel: p≤0.001, ilişkisel: p=0.003), 7-9. sınıfta okuyanların(fiziksel: p≤0.001, sözel: p≤0.001, ilişkisel: p=0.041, siber: p=0.008), kendini okulda güvende hissetmeyenlerin (p≤0.001),ebeveynleri ceza verenlerin (p≤0.001) ve akademik başarısı düşük olanların (fiziksel: p=0.003, sözel: p=0.004, ilişkisel:p=0.018) daha fazla zorbalığa maruz kaldığı ve erkeklerin (fiziksel: p≤0.001, sözel: p=0.005, ilişkisel: p=0.006, siber:p≤0.001), 7-9. sınıfta okuyanların (fiziksel: p=0.005, sözel: p=0.004, siber: p=0.021), ebeveynleri ceza verenlerin (fiziksel:p=0.009, sözel: p≤0.001) ve akademik başarısı düşük olanların (fiziksel: p=0.010, ilişkisel: p=0.008, siber: p≤0.001) dahafazla zorbalık uyguladıkları saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Ergenlerin fiziksel, sözel, ilişkisel ve siber zorbalığa maruz kalma ve zorbalık uygulama oranlarının %5.0’dan yüksekolduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan ergenlerde, erkeklerin, 7-9. sınıfta okuyanların, ebeveynleri ceza verenlerin veakademik başarısı düşük olanların daha fazla zorbalığa maruz kaldığı ve zorbalık uyguladıkları saptanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Zorbalık, Siber Zorbalık, Ergen, Hemşirelik</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Zorbalık</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  siber zorbalık</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  ergen</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  hemşirelik</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Bullying</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  cyberbullying</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  adolescent</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  nursing</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">1. Bradshaw J, Crous G, Rees G, Turner N. Comparing children&#039;s experiences of schools-based bullying across countries. Children and Youth Services Review 2017; 80: 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.060</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">2. Thomas HJ, Scott JG, Coates JM, Connor JP. Development and validation of the Bullying and Cyberbullying Scale for Adolescents: A multi‐dimensional measurement model. British Journal of Educational Psychology 2019; 8: 75-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12223</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">3. Han Z, Zhang G, Zhang H. School bullying in urban China: Prevalence and correlation with school climate. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017; 14: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101116</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">4. Beckman L, Hellström L, von Kobyletzki L. Cyber bullying among children with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2020; 61(1): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12525</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">5. Campbell M, Bauman S. Cyberbullying: Definition, consequences, prevalence. In: Campbell M, Bauman S (Eds). Reducing Cyberbullying in Schools. Academic Press, 2018; p.3-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811423-0.00001-8</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data Summary &amp; Trends Report 2009-2019. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/YRBSDataSummaryTrendsReport2019-508.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2022</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">7. Baldry AC, Farrington DP, Sorrentino A. School bullying and cyberbullying among boys and girls: Roles and overlap. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment &amp; Trauma 2017; 26(9): 937-951. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2017.1330793</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">8. Gini G, Pozzoli T. Bullied children and psychosomatic problems: A metaanalysis. Pediatrics 2013; 132(4): 720-729. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-0614</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">9. Heerde JA, Hemphill SA. Are bullying perpetration and victimization associated with adolescent deliberative self-harm? A meta-analysis. Archives of Suicide Research 2019; 23: 353-381. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2018.1472690</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">10. Lee J. Pathways from Childhood Bullying Victimization to Young Adult Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 2021; 52(1): 129-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-00997-4</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">11. Moore SE, Norman RE, Suetani S, Thomas HJ, Sly PD, Scott JG. Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World Journal of Psychiatry 2017; 22: 60-76. https://dx.doi.org/10.5498%2Fwjp.v7.i1.60</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">12. Sigurdson JF, Undheim AM, Wallander JL, Lydersen S, Sund AM. The longitudinal association of being bullied and gender with suicide ideations, self-harm, and suicide attempts from adolescence to young adulthood: A cohort study. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior 2018; 48: 169-182. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12358</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">13. Özbey H, Başdaş Ö. Ergenlerde zorbalık ve hemşirelik yaklaşımı. ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 2020; 7(1): 46-50.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">14. de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, et al. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2007; 85: 660-667.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">15. Özbey H. Başdaş Ö. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Bullying and Cyber Bullying Scale for Adolescents (BCS-A). Psychiatry Research 2020; 289: 12994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112994</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">16. Smahel D, Machackova H, Mascheroni G, Dedkova L, Staksrud E, Olafsson K, et al. EU Kids Online 2020: Survey results from 19 countries. https://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/assets/documents/research/eu-kids-online/reports/EU-Kids-Online-2020-March2020.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 23.08.202128.01.2022</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">17. Eroğlu Y, Aktepe E, Akbaba S, Işık A. Özkorumak E. Siber zorbalık ve mağduriyetin yaygınlığının ve risk faktörlerinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim 2015; 40(177): 93-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2015.3698</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">18. Lee C, Shin N. Prevalence of cyberbullying and predictors of cyberbullying perpetration among Korean adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior 2017; 68: 352-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.047</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">19. Taştekin E, Bayhan P. Ergenler arasındaki siber zorbalığın ve mağduriyetin incelenmesi. Online Journal of Technology Addiction and Cyberbullying 2018; 5(2): 21-45.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">20. Chen J-K, Pan Z, Wang L-C. Parental Beliefs and Actual Use of Corporal Punishment, School Violence and Bullying, and Depression in Early Adolescence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20121; 18(12): 62-70. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126270</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">21. Kelleci M, Tel H, Akgül Gündoğdu N, Temel Mert Z. Evaluation of peer bullying, internet addiction, and psychological adaptation level of students aged 9-15. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 2021; 34(4): 303-312. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcap.12336</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">22. Esposito C, Bacchini D, Affuso G. Adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and its relationships with school bullying and peer rejection. Psychiatry Research 2019; 274: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.018</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">23. Blakeslee T, Snethen J, Schiffman RF, Gwon SH, Sapp M, Kelber S. Adolescent Characteristics, Suicide, and Bullying in High School. Journal of School Nursing 2021; 16: 10598405211038235. https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405211038235</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">24. Hemphill SA, Kotevski A, Heerde JA. Longitudinal associations between cyber-bullying perpetration and victimization and problem behavior and mental health problems in young Australians. Internaitonal Journal of Public Health 2015; 60: 227-237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-014-0644-9</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">25. Dalmaç- Polat Z, Bayraktar S. Ergenlerde siber zorbalık ve siber mağduriyetle ilişkili değişkenleri incelenmesi. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities 2016; 4(1): 115-132.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">26. Mesch GS. Parental mediation, online activities and cyberbullying. Cyberpsychology and Behavior 2009; 12(4): 387-393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2009.0068</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">27. Özer G, Cemaloğlu N. (Eds). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin siber zorbalık yaşama düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Eğitim Yönetimi Araştırmaları (e-kitap). Pegem Akademi, 2016.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">28. Browser J, Larson JD, Bellmore A, Olsin C, Resnik F. Bullying type and feeling unsafe in middle school. The Journal of School Nursing 2018; 34: 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840518760983</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">29. Ergün Başak B, Baştürk E. Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Siber Zorbalık Deneyimlerinin Olweus’un Akran Zorbalığı Modeli Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International 2019; 9(1): 240-278.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">30. Akbıyık C, Kestel M. Siber zorbalığın öğrencilerin akademik, sosyal ve duygusal durumları üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 2016; 12(3): 844-859. https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.282384</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">31. Kowalski RM, Limber SP. Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health 2013; 53(1Suppl): 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.018</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">32. Peled Y. Cyberbullying and its influence on academic, social and emotional development of undergraduate students. Heliyon 2019; e01393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01393</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">33. Olweus D. Bullying at School: What we know and What we can do. Cambridge MA: Blackwell,1999; 8-13.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">34. Malm EK, Henrich CC. Longitudinal Relationships Between Parent Factors, Children&#039;s Bullying, and Victimization Behaviors. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 2019; 50(5): 789-802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-019-00882-9</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">35. Murphy TP, Laible D, Augustine M. The Influences of Parent and Peer Attachment on Bullying. Journal of Child and Family Studies 2017; 26(5): 1388-1397. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10826-017-0663-2</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">36. Smith AU, Norris AE. Parent Communication and Bullying Among Hispanic Adolescent Girls. Journal of School Nursing 2020; 36(3): 222-232. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1059840518808013</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
