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Social Marketing Analysis of Attitude Toward Compulsory Earthquake Insurance in Turkey(Türkiye’de Zorunlu Deprem Sigortasına Yönelik Tutumun Sosyal Pazarlama Kapsamında Analizi)

Year 2016, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 389 - 407, 25.08.2016
https://doi.org/10.18657/yecbu.81769

Abstract

ABSTRACT

This study aims to explore the reasons behind the low-level purchases of compulsory earthquake insurance policies in Turkey. Based on online surveys with 667 people the findings of the study point out that there is a major communications gap to be filled in by the authorities and the insurance companies. The findings of the study also show that in addition to the demographic variables the personality characteristics of people also influence the attitude towards and the purchasing of compulsory earthquake insurance policies.

Key Words: Social Marketing, Attitude, Risk Perception, Personality Characteristics, Earthquake Insurance, Turkey.  

JEL Classification: M31, M38

ÖZ

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de uygulanan zorunlu deprem sigortasına yönelik tutumu ve beklentilere kıyasla düşük düzeyde seyreden satışların nedenlerini araştırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. 667 kişinin katılımıyla tamamlanan çevrimiçi (online) anket çalışması sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, iletişim sorunlarına işaret etmektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları ayrıca, zorunlu deprem sigortasına yönelik tutum üzerinde bireylerin kişilik özelliklerinin ve demografik değişkenlerin de etkili olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sosyal Pazarlama, Tutum, Algılanan Risk, Kişilik Özellikleri, Deprem Sigortası, Türkiye. 

JEL Sınıflaması: M31, M38


References

  • Ajzen, I., & Fishbein M. (1980). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Andreasen, A. R. (1994). Social Marketing: Its Definition and Domain. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 13, Spring. 108-114.
  • Andreasen, A. R. (2003). The Life Trajectory of Social Marketing: Some Implications. Marketing Theory, 3, 93–303.
  • Andreasen, A. R. (2012). Rethinking the Relationship Between Social/Nonprofit Marketing and Commercial Marketing. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 31 Spring. pp. 36-41.
  • Armstrong, P. I., & S. F. Anthoney (2009) Personality facets and RIASEC interests: An integrated model. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 75. pp. 346-359.
  • Athavale, M., & S. M. Avil (2011) An Analysis of the Demand for Earthquake Insurance. Risk Management and Insurance Review. 14 (2). pp. 233-246.
  • Baer, M. (2010) The strength-of-weak-ties perspective on creativity: A comprehensive examination and extension. Journal of Applied Psychology. 95. pp. 592-601.
  • Barsky, A., C. J. Thoresen, C.R. Warren, & S. A. Kaplan (2004) Modeling negative affectivity and job stress: A contingency-based approach. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 25. pp. 915-936.
  • Beerli-Palacio, A., & Martin-Santana, J. (2015) How to increase blood donation by social marketing International Review of Public and Nonprofit Marketing doi: 10.1007/s12208-015-0133-8.
  • Berry, L. L., & T.Clark (1986) Four Ways to Make Services More Tangible. Business. 36 October-December. pp. 53-54.
  • Bibbee, A., R. Gonenc, S. Jacobs, J. Konvitz, & R.Price (2000) Economic Effects of the 1999 Turkish Earthquakes: An Interim Report. Economics Department Working Papers. No.247.
  • Boomer, J., R.Spence, M. Erdik, S. Tabuchi, N. Aydinoglu, E. Booth, D.Del Re, & O.Peterken (2002) Development of an Earthquake Loss Model for Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Journal of Seismology. 6. pp. 431-446.
  • Born, P. H., & B. Klimaszewski-Blettner (2013) Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Impact of Natural Disasters and Regulation on U.S. Property Insurers’ Supply Decisions. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 80 (1). pp.1-36.
  • Brown, S. A. (2009) Personality and non-suicidal deliberate self-harm: Trait differences among a non-clinical population. Psychiatry Research, 169. 28-32.
  • Budner, S. (1962) Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable. Journal of Personality. 30 (1). 29-50.
  • Carson, J. M., McCullough, K. A., & Pooser D.M. (2013) Deciding Whether to Invest in Mitigation Measures: Evidence From Florida. Journal of Risk and Insurance. June 80 (2). 309-327.
  • Chauvin, B., Hermand, D., & Mullet E. (2007) Risk Perception and Personality Facets. Risk Analysis. 27(1). 171-185.
  • Cummins, J.D., & Mahul O. (2009) Catastrophe Risk Financing in DevelopingCountries: Principles for Public Intervention. The World Bank, Washington D.C.
  • DeHoop, T., & Ruben R. (2010) Insuring against earthquake: simulating the cost-effectiveness of disaster preparedness. Disasters. 34(2). 209-523.
  • Ehrenberg, A. (1997) In Search of Holy Grails: Two Comments. Journal of Advertising Research. 37(1). 9-12.
  • Eraybar, K. et al. (2010) An Exploratory Study on Perceptions of Seismic Risk and Mitigation in Two District of Istanbul. Disasters. 34(1). 71-92.
  • EERI (1999) The Izmit (Kocaeli), Turkey Earthquake of August 17 . EERI Special Earthquake Report-Learning From Earthquakes-October 1999 (Also available at: http://www.eeri.org/Reconn/Turkey0899/Turkey0899.html).
  • Erdik, M., & Durukal, E. (2002) Damage to and Vulnerability of Industry Facilities in the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, Earthquake. paper presented at the World Bank Institute Conference on Building Safer Cities. Washington DC, December. pp.4-6.
  • Erdik, M., and Durukal, E. (2007) Earthquake Risk and its Mitigation in Istanbul. Natural Hazards. 44. 199-212.
  • Earthquke Disaster Mitigation Center (EDM) (2000) Report on the Kocaeli, Turkey Earthquake of August 17, 1999. RIKEN, Japan.
  • Fishbein, M. (1967) Attitude and The Prediction of Behavior. In Readings In Attitude Theory and Measurement. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Foxall, G. R. (1984) Evidence for Attitudinal-Behavioral Consistency: Implications for Consumer Research Paradigms. Journal of Economic Psychology. 5(1). 71-92.
  • Foxall, G. R., & Goldsmith, R. E. (1994) Consumer Psychology for Marketing. New York, Routledge.
  • Freeman, P.K., & Kunreuther, H. (2002) Environmental risk management for developing countries. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance. 27(2). 196-214.
  • Goldberg, L.R., et.al. (2006) The International Personality Item Pool and the future of public-domain personality measures. Journal of Research in Personality. 40. pp. 84-96.
  • Gregory, R., Lichtenstein, S., & Slovic, P. (1993) Valuing environmental resources: Aconstructive approach. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 7. 177–97.
  • Gurenko, E. R. L., Olivier M., & Gonulal S. O. (2006) Earthquake Insurance in Turkey: History of The Catastrophe Insurance Pool. The World Bank Publication.
  • Haugtvedt, C. P., & Petty R. E. (1992) Personality and Persuasion: Need for Cognition Moderates the Persistence and Resistance of Attitude Changes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 63(2). 309-319.
  • Hofstede, G. H. (2001) Culture's Consequences, Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations Newbury Park. CA: Sage Publications.
  • Hosseini, K.A., Hosseinioon, S. & Pooyan Z. (2013) An Investigation into the Socioeconomic Aspects of Two Major Earthquakes in Iran. Disasters. 37(3). 516-535.
  • Howard, J. A. & Sheth, J. N. (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) (2012) (available at: http://ipip.ori.org/newIndexofScaleLabels.htm)
  • Kenny, C. (2012) Disaster Risk Reduction in Developing Countries: Costs, Benefits, and Institution. Disasters. 36(4). 554-588.
  • Koc, E. (2002) The Impact of Gender in Marketing Communications: the role of cognitive and affective cues. Journal of Marketing Communications. 8(4). 257-75.
  • Koc, E. (2005) The Role of Family Members in the Family Holiday Purchase Decision-Making Process. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration. 5(2). 85-102.
  • Koc, E. (2013) Tüketici Davranışı ve Pazarlama Stratejileri: Global ve Yerel Yaklaşım. 3rd Edition Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Kotler, P., & Zaltman, G. (1971) Social Marketing: An Approach to Planned Social Change. Journal of Marketing. 35 July. 3–12.
  • Kotler, P., Roberto, N., & Lee, N. (2002) Social Marketing: Improving the Quality of Life, 2nd. ed.: Sage Publication.
  • Kriesel,W., & Landry, C. (2004) Participation in the National Flood Insurance Program: An Empirical Analysis for Coastal Properties. Journal of Risk and Insurance. 71(3). 405-420.
  • Kunreuther, H. C. (1978) Disaster insurance protection: Public policy lessons. New York: Wiley & Sons.
  • Kunreuther, H., & Pauly, M. (2004) Neglecting disaster: Why don’t people insure against large losses. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 28(5). 21pp.
  • Lam, D., & Ozorio, B. (2012) Linking employees' personalities to job loyalty. Annuals of Tourism Research. 39. 2203-2206.
  • Lindell, M. K., & Perry, R.W. (2000) Household adjustment to earthquake hazard: A review of research. Environment and Behavior. 32(4). 461-501.
  • Lindell, M.K., & Whitney, D.J. (2000) Correlates of Household Seismic Hazard Adjustment adoption. Risk Analysis. 20(1). 13-25.
  • Madjar, N. (2008) Emotional and informational support from different sources and employee creativity. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology. 81. 83-100.
  • Manfredo, M. R., & Shultz, C.J. (2007) Risk, Trade, Recovery, and the Consideration of Real Options.The Imperative Coordination of Policy, Marketing, and Finance in the Wake of Catastrophe. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 26 Spring. 33-48.
  • Mittal, B. (1999) The advertising of services meeting the challenge of intangibility. Journal of Service Research. 2(1). 98-116.
  • Nettle, D. (2005) An evolutionary approach to the extraversion continuum. Evolution and Human Behavior. 26. 363-373.
  • Novemsky, N., & Kahneman, D. (2005) The Boundaries of Loss Aversion. Journal of Marketing Research. 42(2). 119-128.
  • McDaniels, T. L., Kamlet, M. S., & Fischer, G. W. (1992) Risk Perception and the Value of Safety. Risk Analysis. 12(4). 495-503.
  • Ozdemir, O., & Yilmaz, C. (2011) Factors Affecting Risk Mitigation Revisited: The Case of Earthquake in Turkey. Journal of Risk Research. 14(1). 17-46.
  • Paradise, T. (2005) Perception of earthquake risk in Agadir, Morocco: A Case Study from a Muslim. Environmental Hazards. 6. 167-180.
  • Piggford, T. M. R.,Harker, D., & Harker, M. (2008) The Influence of Residence on Yound Adult Attitudes Toward Healthy Eating. Social Marketing Quarterly. XIV (2). 33-49.
  • Olson, J. M., & Zanna, M.P. (1993) Attitudes and Attitude Change. Annual Reviews of Psychology. 44. 117-154.
  • Orhan, E. (2014) The role of lifeline losses in business continuity in the case of Adapazari, Turkey. Environmental Hazards, 13(4). 298-312.
  • Quiggin, J. (2002) Risk and self-protection: A state-contingent view. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 25. 133-145.
  • Rothschild M. L. (1999) Carrots, sticks, and promises: a conceptual framework for the management of public health and social issue behaviours. Journal of Marketing. 63. 24–37.
  • Savage, I. (1993) An Empirical Investigation into the Effect of Psychological Perceptions on the Willingness-to-Pay to Reduce Risk. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 6. 75-90.
  • Sheth, J.N., & Frazier, G.L. (1982) A Model of Strategy Mix Choice For Planned Social Change. Journal of Marketing. 46(1). 15-26.
  • Sjöberg, L. (1999) Consequences of perceived risk: Demand for mitigation. Journal of Risk Research. No.2 129-149.
  • TSPO (The State Planning Organization) (2001) ‘Earthquakes’ Economic and Social Effects’ [available at http:/www.ekutup.dpt.gov.tr].
  • TurkStat (2012) National Accounts Statistics. [available at: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr]
  • Tversky, A. & Kahneman, D. (1992) Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5(4). 297-323.
  • Utkuevi, O. (2007) Raising Awareness on the Importance of Coverage for Most Severe Risks Through Mandatory Insurance Regulation: Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool: Experiences and Achievements. International Seminar on Awareness and Education Relative to Risks and Insurance Issues.
  • Wang, H., et.al. (2012) Are People Willing to Buy Natural Disaster Insurance in China? Risk Awareness, Insurance Acceptance, and Willingness to Pay. Risk Analysis. 32(10). 1717-1740.
  • World Bank.1999 Project Appraisal Document on a Proposed Loan in the Amount of US$505 Million to the Republic of Turkey for a Marmara Earthquake Emergency Reconstruction Project, Nov. 1, 1999, Report No:19844-TU
  • World Bank. 2016. Country Overview: Turkey. [available at http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/turkey/overview]
  • www.tcip.gov.tr
Year 2016, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 389 - 407, 25.08.2016
https://doi.org/10.18657/yecbu.81769

Abstract

References

  • Ajzen, I., & Fishbein M. (1980). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Andreasen, A. R. (1994). Social Marketing: Its Definition and Domain. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 13, Spring. 108-114.
  • Andreasen, A. R. (2003). The Life Trajectory of Social Marketing: Some Implications. Marketing Theory, 3, 93–303.
  • Andreasen, A. R. (2012). Rethinking the Relationship Between Social/Nonprofit Marketing and Commercial Marketing. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 31 Spring. pp. 36-41.
  • Armstrong, P. I., & S. F. Anthoney (2009) Personality facets and RIASEC interests: An integrated model. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 75. pp. 346-359.
  • Athavale, M., & S. M. Avil (2011) An Analysis of the Demand for Earthquake Insurance. Risk Management and Insurance Review. 14 (2). pp. 233-246.
  • Baer, M. (2010) The strength-of-weak-ties perspective on creativity: A comprehensive examination and extension. Journal of Applied Psychology. 95. pp. 592-601.
  • Barsky, A., C. J. Thoresen, C.R. Warren, & S. A. Kaplan (2004) Modeling negative affectivity and job stress: A contingency-based approach. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 25. pp. 915-936.
  • Beerli-Palacio, A., & Martin-Santana, J. (2015) How to increase blood donation by social marketing International Review of Public and Nonprofit Marketing doi: 10.1007/s12208-015-0133-8.
  • Berry, L. L., & T.Clark (1986) Four Ways to Make Services More Tangible. Business. 36 October-December. pp. 53-54.
  • Bibbee, A., R. Gonenc, S. Jacobs, J. Konvitz, & R.Price (2000) Economic Effects of the 1999 Turkish Earthquakes: An Interim Report. Economics Department Working Papers. No.247.
  • Boomer, J., R.Spence, M. Erdik, S. Tabuchi, N. Aydinoglu, E. Booth, D.Del Re, & O.Peterken (2002) Development of an Earthquake Loss Model for Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Journal of Seismology. 6. pp. 431-446.
  • Born, P. H., & B. Klimaszewski-Blettner (2013) Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Impact of Natural Disasters and Regulation on U.S. Property Insurers’ Supply Decisions. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 80 (1). pp.1-36.
  • Brown, S. A. (2009) Personality and non-suicidal deliberate self-harm: Trait differences among a non-clinical population. Psychiatry Research, 169. 28-32.
  • Budner, S. (1962) Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable. Journal of Personality. 30 (1). 29-50.
  • Carson, J. M., McCullough, K. A., & Pooser D.M. (2013) Deciding Whether to Invest in Mitigation Measures: Evidence From Florida. Journal of Risk and Insurance. June 80 (2). 309-327.
  • Chauvin, B., Hermand, D., & Mullet E. (2007) Risk Perception and Personality Facets. Risk Analysis. 27(1). 171-185.
  • Cummins, J.D., & Mahul O. (2009) Catastrophe Risk Financing in DevelopingCountries: Principles for Public Intervention. The World Bank, Washington D.C.
  • DeHoop, T., & Ruben R. (2010) Insuring against earthquake: simulating the cost-effectiveness of disaster preparedness. Disasters. 34(2). 209-523.
  • Ehrenberg, A. (1997) In Search of Holy Grails: Two Comments. Journal of Advertising Research. 37(1). 9-12.
  • Eraybar, K. et al. (2010) An Exploratory Study on Perceptions of Seismic Risk and Mitigation in Two District of Istanbul. Disasters. 34(1). 71-92.
  • EERI (1999) The Izmit (Kocaeli), Turkey Earthquake of August 17 . EERI Special Earthquake Report-Learning From Earthquakes-October 1999 (Also available at: http://www.eeri.org/Reconn/Turkey0899/Turkey0899.html).
  • Erdik, M., & Durukal, E. (2002) Damage to and Vulnerability of Industry Facilities in the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, Earthquake. paper presented at the World Bank Institute Conference on Building Safer Cities. Washington DC, December. pp.4-6.
  • Erdik, M., and Durukal, E. (2007) Earthquake Risk and its Mitigation in Istanbul. Natural Hazards. 44. 199-212.
  • Earthquke Disaster Mitigation Center (EDM) (2000) Report on the Kocaeli, Turkey Earthquake of August 17, 1999. RIKEN, Japan.
  • Fishbein, M. (1967) Attitude and The Prediction of Behavior. In Readings In Attitude Theory and Measurement. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Foxall, G. R. (1984) Evidence for Attitudinal-Behavioral Consistency: Implications for Consumer Research Paradigms. Journal of Economic Psychology. 5(1). 71-92.
  • Foxall, G. R., & Goldsmith, R. E. (1994) Consumer Psychology for Marketing. New York, Routledge.
  • Freeman, P.K., & Kunreuther, H. (2002) Environmental risk management for developing countries. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance. 27(2). 196-214.
  • Goldberg, L.R., et.al. (2006) The International Personality Item Pool and the future of public-domain personality measures. Journal of Research in Personality. 40. pp. 84-96.
  • Gregory, R., Lichtenstein, S., & Slovic, P. (1993) Valuing environmental resources: Aconstructive approach. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 7. 177–97.
  • Gurenko, E. R. L., Olivier M., & Gonulal S. O. (2006) Earthquake Insurance in Turkey: History of The Catastrophe Insurance Pool. The World Bank Publication.
  • Haugtvedt, C. P., & Petty R. E. (1992) Personality and Persuasion: Need for Cognition Moderates the Persistence and Resistance of Attitude Changes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 63(2). 309-319.
  • Hofstede, G. H. (2001) Culture's Consequences, Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations Newbury Park. CA: Sage Publications.
  • Hosseini, K.A., Hosseinioon, S. & Pooyan Z. (2013) An Investigation into the Socioeconomic Aspects of Two Major Earthquakes in Iran. Disasters. 37(3). 516-535.
  • Howard, J. A. & Sheth, J. N. (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) (2012) (available at: http://ipip.ori.org/newIndexofScaleLabels.htm)
  • Kenny, C. (2012) Disaster Risk Reduction in Developing Countries: Costs, Benefits, and Institution. Disasters. 36(4). 554-588.
  • Koc, E. (2002) The Impact of Gender in Marketing Communications: the role of cognitive and affective cues. Journal of Marketing Communications. 8(4). 257-75.
  • Koc, E. (2005) The Role of Family Members in the Family Holiday Purchase Decision-Making Process. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration. 5(2). 85-102.
  • Koc, E. (2013) Tüketici Davranışı ve Pazarlama Stratejileri: Global ve Yerel Yaklaşım. 3rd Edition Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Kotler, P., & Zaltman, G. (1971) Social Marketing: An Approach to Planned Social Change. Journal of Marketing. 35 July. 3–12.
  • Kotler, P., Roberto, N., & Lee, N. (2002) Social Marketing: Improving the Quality of Life, 2nd. ed.: Sage Publication.
  • Kriesel,W., & Landry, C. (2004) Participation in the National Flood Insurance Program: An Empirical Analysis for Coastal Properties. Journal of Risk and Insurance. 71(3). 405-420.
  • Kunreuther, H. C. (1978) Disaster insurance protection: Public policy lessons. New York: Wiley & Sons.
  • Kunreuther, H., & Pauly, M. (2004) Neglecting disaster: Why don’t people insure against large losses. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 28(5). 21pp.
  • Lam, D., & Ozorio, B. (2012) Linking employees' personalities to job loyalty. Annuals of Tourism Research. 39. 2203-2206.
  • Lindell, M. K., & Perry, R.W. (2000) Household adjustment to earthquake hazard: A review of research. Environment and Behavior. 32(4). 461-501.
  • Lindell, M.K., & Whitney, D.J. (2000) Correlates of Household Seismic Hazard Adjustment adoption. Risk Analysis. 20(1). 13-25.
  • Madjar, N. (2008) Emotional and informational support from different sources and employee creativity. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology. 81. 83-100.
  • Manfredo, M. R., & Shultz, C.J. (2007) Risk, Trade, Recovery, and the Consideration of Real Options.The Imperative Coordination of Policy, Marketing, and Finance in the Wake of Catastrophe. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 26 Spring. 33-48.
  • Mittal, B. (1999) The advertising of services meeting the challenge of intangibility. Journal of Service Research. 2(1). 98-116.
  • Nettle, D. (2005) An evolutionary approach to the extraversion continuum. Evolution and Human Behavior. 26. 363-373.
  • Novemsky, N., & Kahneman, D. (2005) The Boundaries of Loss Aversion. Journal of Marketing Research. 42(2). 119-128.
  • McDaniels, T. L., Kamlet, M. S., & Fischer, G. W. (1992) Risk Perception and the Value of Safety. Risk Analysis. 12(4). 495-503.
  • Ozdemir, O., & Yilmaz, C. (2011) Factors Affecting Risk Mitigation Revisited: The Case of Earthquake in Turkey. Journal of Risk Research. 14(1). 17-46.
  • Paradise, T. (2005) Perception of earthquake risk in Agadir, Morocco: A Case Study from a Muslim. Environmental Hazards. 6. 167-180.
  • Piggford, T. M. R.,Harker, D., & Harker, M. (2008) The Influence of Residence on Yound Adult Attitudes Toward Healthy Eating. Social Marketing Quarterly. XIV (2). 33-49.
  • Olson, J. M., & Zanna, M.P. (1993) Attitudes and Attitude Change. Annual Reviews of Psychology. 44. 117-154.
  • Orhan, E. (2014) The role of lifeline losses in business continuity in the case of Adapazari, Turkey. Environmental Hazards, 13(4). 298-312.
  • Quiggin, J. (2002) Risk and self-protection: A state-contingent view. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 25. 133-145.
  • Rothschild M. L. (1999) Carrots, sticks, and promises: a conceptual framework for the management of public health and social issue behaviours. Journal of Marketing. 63. 24–37.
  • Savage, I. (1993) An Empirical Investigation into the Effect of Psychological Perceptions on the Willingness-to-Pay to Reduce Risk. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 6. 75-90.
  • Sheth, J.N., & Frazier, G.L. (1982) A Model of Strategy Mix Choice For Planned Social Change. Journal of Marketing. 46(1). 15-26.
  • Sjöberg, L. (1999) Consequences of perceived risk: Demand for mitigation. Journal of Risk Research. No.2 129-149.
  • TSPO (The State Planning Organization) (2001) ‘Earthquakes’ Economic and Social Effects’ [available at http:/www.ekutup.dpt.gov.tr].
  • TurkStat (2012) National Accounts Statistics. [available at: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr]
  • Tversky, A. & Kahneman, D. (1992) Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5(4). 297-323.
  • Utkuevi, O. (2007) Raising Awareness on the Importance of Coverage for Most Severe Risks Through Mandatory Insurance Regulation: Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool: Experiences and Achievements. International Seminar on Awareness and Education Relative to Risks and Insurance Issues.
  • Wang, H., et.al. (2012) Are People Willing to Buy Natural Disaster Insurance in China? Risk Awareness, Insurance Acceptance, and Willingness to Pay. Risk Analysis. 32(10). 1717-1740.
  • World Bank.1999 Project Appraisal Document on a Proposed Loan in the Amount of US$505 Million to the Republic of Turkey for a Marmara Earthquake Emergency Reconstruction Project, Nov. 1, 1999, Report No:19844-TU
  • World Bank. 2016. Country Overview: Turkey. [available at http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/turkey/overview]
  • www.tcip.gov.tr
There are 73 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gülnil Aydın This is me

Erdoğan Koç

Publication Date August 25, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 23 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aydın, G., & Koç, E. (2016). Social Marketing Analysis of Attitude Toward Compulsory Earthquake Insurance in Turkey(Türkiye’de Zorunlu Deprem Sigortasına Yönelik Tutumun Sosyal Pazarlama Kapsamında Analizi). Journal of Management and Economics, 23(2), 389-407. https://doi.org/10.18657/yecbu.81769

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