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İşsizlik ve Suç Arasındaki İlişkiye Teorik Bir Bakış

Year 2017, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 327 - 348, 18.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.335225

Abstract

İşsizlik, ücret, enflasyon, kişi başına gelir ve gelir dağılımındaki adaletsizlik gibi birçok makroekonomik değişkenin suça etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye ekonomisi için en önemli sorunlardan biri olan işsizliğin suç üzerindeki etkisinin, konuyla ilgili yapılan çalışmaların değerlendirilmesiyle, belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Çalışmada öncelikle 1968 yılında Becker’ın oluşturduğu, Ehrlich (1973), Heineke (1978), Schmidt ve Witte (1984) tarafından geliştirilen suça yönelik ekonomik modeller analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada teorik bir değerlendirme yapılması amaçlandığından, konuyla ilgili bir model ya da analize yer verilmemiştir. İzleyen aşamada, küresel krizin başlangıcı olan 2007 yılı ve sonrasında yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Bu dönemin belirlenmesinde, işsizliğin, Türkiye ve neredeyse tüm ülkelerde küresel krizle birlikte artış göstermesi ve son yıllarda özellikle Türkiye için işsizliğin yüksek oranda seyretmeye devam etmesi etkili olmuştur. Söz konusu dönemde yapılan çalışmaların neredeyse tamamında, işsizliğin suçun temel belirleyicisi olduğu ve işsizliğin suç üzerindeki etkisinin pozitif yönde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • Aaltonen, M., Macdonald, J. M., Martikainen, P. and Kivivuor, J. (2013). Examining The Generality of The Unemployment–Crime Association. Amerikan Society of Criminology, Vol. 51, Iss. 3, 561-594.
  • Abraham, V. (2011). The Deteriorating Labour Market Conditions and Crime: An Analysis of Indian States During 2001-2008. Munich Personal Repec Archive, Paper No. 31387, 2-28.
  • Aksu, H. ve Akkuş, Y. (2010). Türkiye’de Mala Karşı Suçların Sosyoekonomik Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Deneme: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı (1970- 2007). Sosyoekonomi: 1/ 100110, 191-214.
  • Ata, Y. A. (2011). Ücretler, İşsizlik ve Suç Arasındaki İlişki: Yatay-Kesit Analizi. Çalışma ve Toplum: 4, 113-134.
  • Becker, G. (1968). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 169-217.
  • Beirne, P. and Messerschmidt, J. (1991). Criminology. Philadelphia: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
  • Buonanno, P., Drago, F. and Galbiati, R. (2014). Response of Crime To Unemployment: An International Comparison. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice: 30, 29-40.
  • Demirbaş, T. (2014). Kriminoloji (Gözden Geçirilmiş Beşinci Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Dumitru, R. A. M. (2012). The Relationship Between Crime Rate, Unemployment Rate and The Share of Total School Population: A Multifactorial Model. International Journal of Criminal Investigation,Vol. 2 Iss. 2, 141-159.
  • Dursun, H. (1997). Suçun Ekonomik Modelleri. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Yayınları, Ankara: İktisadi Sektörler ve Koordinasyon Genel Müdürlüğü. Dursun, S.,
  • Aytaç, S. ve Topbaş, F. (2011). The Effects of Unemployment and Income on Crime: A Panel Data Analysis on Turkey. Annales XLIII, No. 60, 125-138.
  • Elliott, C. and Ellingworth, D. (1998). Exploring the Relationship Between Unemployment and Property Crime. Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 5, Iss. 8, 527-530.
  • Entorf, H. and Sieger, P. (2014). Does the Link Between Unemployment and Crime Depend on The Crime Level? A Quantile Regression Approach. Forschungsinstitut Zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor, Discussion Paper No. 8334, 2- 32.
  • Ehrlich, I. (1974). Participation in Illegitimate Activities: An Economic Analysis (Edited by S. Garry Becker ve M. William Landes). Essays in The Economics of Crime and Punishment, New York: Columbia University Press, 68-135.
  • Fallahi, F., Pourtaghi, H. and Rodriguez, G. (2012). The Unemployment Rate, Unemployment Volatility, and Crime. International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 39, No. 6, 440-448.
  • Garofalo, R. B. (1957). Criminologia Suç, Suçlu ve Ceza (Çev. Muhittin Göklü). İstanbul: Nurgök Matbaası.
  • Gillani, S. Y. M., Khan, R. E. A. and Gill, A. R. (2011). Unemployment and Property Crimes in Pakistan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, Vol.1 Iss.3, 125-135.
  • Gillani, S. Y. M., Rehman, H. U. and Gill, A. R. (2009). Unemployment, Poverty, Inflation and Crime Nexus: Cointegration and Causality Analysis of Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, Vol. 47, No. 1, 79- 98.
  • Gider, H. (1961), Genel Kriminoloji ve Adalet Psikolojisi, Devrim Matbaası.
  • Heineke, J. M. (1978) Economic Models of Criminal Behavior: An Overview (Edited J. M. Heineke). Economic Models of Criminal Behavior. North Holland Publishing Company, 10-25.
  • Hirschey, M. and Pappas, J. L. (1993). Managerial Economics (Eighth Edition). Philadelphia: The Dryden Press. Hooghe, M., Vanhoutte, B., Hardyns, W. and Bircan, T. (2011). Unemployment, Inequality, Poverty and Crime Spatial Distribution Patterns of Criminal Acts in Belgium 2001–06. Brit. J. Criminol, 51, 1-20.
  • Kaya, V. M. ve Bozkurt, İ. (2011). İşsizlik, Kişi Başına Milli Gelir (Yoksulluk), Suç Oranı ve Yeşil Kart: 1993-2009 Türkiye Örneği. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Sayı. 30, 133-140.
  • Kilishi, A. A., Mobolaji, H. I., Usman, A., Yakubu, A. T. and Yaru, M. A. (2014). The Effect of Unemployment on Crime in Nigeria: A Panel Data Analysis. British Journal of Economics Management and Trade, Vol.4 Iss.6, 880-895.
  • Lastauskas, P. and Tatsi, E. (2013). Spatial Nexus in Crime and Unemployment in Times of Crisis: Evidence from Germany. University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, 1-50.
  • Maddah, M. (2013). An Empirical Analysis of The Relationship Between Unemployment and Theft Crimes. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Vol. 3, Iss. 1, 50-53.
  • Melick, M. D. (2003). The Relationship Between Crime and Unemployment. The Park Place Economist, Article: 13, Vol.11, Iss.1, 30-36. Nilsson, A. and Agell, J. (2003). Crime, Unemployment and Labor Market Programs in Turbulent Times. IFAU- Institute For Labour Market Policy Evaluation, Working Paper 14, 1-31.

A Theoretical Overview On The Relationship Between Unemployment And Crime

Year 2017, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 327 - 348, 18.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.335225

Abstract

Many macroeconomic variables such as unemployment, wage, inflation, income per capita and inequity in income distribution have an impact on crime. In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of unemployment on crime which is one of the most important problems for the Turkish economy, through the evaluation of the studies related to the topic.

In the study, primarily, economic models for the crime which were created by Becker in 1968 and developed by Ehrlich (1973), Heineke (1978) and Schmidt and Witte (1984) are analyzed. Since it is aimed to make a theoretical evaluation in the study, any model or analysis related to the topic is not mentioned. In the following part, year of 2007, the beginning of global crisis, and studies carried out after 2007 are examined. The increase in unemployment not only in Turkey but almost all over the world following the global crisis and continuation of high rate of unemployment in Turkey is effective in determining this period. Almost all of the studies in the mentioned period has reached the conclusion that unemployment is the main determinant of crime and the effect of unemployment on crime is in the positive direction.

References

  • Aaltonen, M., Macdonald, J. M., Martikainen, P. and Kivivuor, J. (2013). Examining The Generality of The Unemployment–Crime Association. Amerikan Society of Criminology, Vol. 51, Iss. 3, 561-594.
  • Abraham, V. (2011). The Deteriorating Labour Market Conditions and Crime: An Analysis of Indian States During 2001-2008. Munich Personal Repec Archive, Paper No. 31387, 2-28.
  • Aksu, H. ve Akkuş, Y. (2010). Türkiye’de Mala Karşı Suçların Sosyoekonomik Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Deneme: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı (1970- 2007). Sosyoekonomi: 1/ 100110, 191-214.
  • Ata, Y. A. (2011). Ücretler, İşsizlik ve Suç Arasındaki İlişki: Yatay-Kesit Analizi. Çalışma ve Toplum: 4, 113-134.
  • Becker, G. (1968). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 169-217.
  • Beirne, P. and Messerschmidt, J. (1991). Criminology. Philadelphia: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
  • Buonanno, P., Drago, F. and Galbiati, R. (2014). Response of Crime To Unemployment: An International Comparison. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice: 30, 29-40.
  • Demirbaş, T. (2014). Kriminoloji (Gözden Geçirilmiş Beşinci Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Dumitru, R. A. M. (2012). The Relationship Between Crime Rate, Unemployment Rate and The Share of Total School Population: A Multifactorial Model. International Journal of Criminal Investigation,Vol. 2 Iss. 2, 141-159.
  • Dursun, H. (1997). Suçun Ekonomik Modelleri. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Yayınları, Ankara: İktisadi Sektörler ve Koordinasyon Genel Müdürlüğü. Dursun, S.,
  • Aytaç, S. ve Topbaş, F. (2011). The Effects of Unemployment and Income on Crime: A Panel Data Analysis on Turkey. Annales XLIII, No. 60, 125-138.
  • Elliott, C. and Ellingworth, D. (1998). Exploring the Relationship Between Unemployment and Property Crime. Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 5, Iss. 8, 527-530.
  • Entorf, H. and Sieger, P. (2014). Does the Link Between Unemployment and Crime Depend on The Crime Level? A Quantile Regression Approach. Forschungsinstitut Zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor, Discussion Paper No. 8334, 2- 32.
  • Ehrlich, I. (1974). Participation in Illegitimate Activities: An Economic Analysis (Edited by S. Garry Becker ve M. William Landes). Essays in The Economics of Crime and Punishment, New York: Columbia University Press, 68-135.
  • Fallahi, F., Pourtaghi, H. and Rodriguez, G. (2012). The Unemployment Rate, Unemployment Volatility, and Crime. International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 39, No. 6, 440-448.
  • Garofalo, R. B. (1957). Criminologia Suç, Suçlu ve Ceza (Çev. Muhittin Göklü). İstanbul: Nurgök Matbaası.
  • Gillani, S. Y. M., Khan, R. E. A. and Gill, A. R. (2011). Unemployment and Property Crimes in Pakistan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, Vol.1 Iss.3, 125-135.
  • Gillani, S. Y. M., Rehman, H. U. and Gill, A. R. (2009). Unemployment, Poverty, Inflation and Crime Nexus: Cointegration and Causality Analysis of Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, Vol. 47, No. 1, 79- 98.
  • Gider, H. (1961), Genel Kriminoloji ve Adalet Psikolojisi, Devrim Matbaası.
  • Heineke, J. M. (1978) Economic Models of Criminal Behavior: An Overview (Edited J. M. Heineke). Economic Models of Criminal Behavior. North Holland Publishing Company, 10-25.
  • Hirschey, M. and Pappas, J. L. (1993). Managerial Economics (Eighth Edition). Philadelphia: The Dryden Press. Hooghe, M., Vanhoutte, B., Hardyns, W. and Bircan, T. (2011). Unemployment, Inequality, Poverty and Crime Spatial Distribution Patterns of Criminal Acts in Belgium 2001–06. Brit. J. Criminol, 51, 1-20.
  • Kaya, V. M. ve Bozkurt, İ. (2011). İşsizlik, Kişi Başına Milli Gelir (Yoksulluk), Suç Oranı ve Yeşil Kart: 1993-2009 Türkiye Örneği. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Sayı. 30, 133-140.
  • Kilishi, A. A., Mobolaji, H. I., Usman, A., Yakubu, A. T. and Yaru, M. A. (2014). The Effect of Unemployment on Crime in Nigeria: A Panel Data Analysis. British Journal of Economics Management and Trade, Vol.4 Iss.6, 880-895.
  • Lastauskas, P. and Tatsi, E. (2013). Spatial Nexus in Crime and Unemployment in Times of Crisis: Evidence from Germany. University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, 1-50.
  • Maddah, M. (2013). An Empirical Analysis of The Relationship Between Unemployment and Theft Crimes. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Vol. 3, Iss. 1, 50-53.
  • Melick, M. D. (2003). The Relationship Between Crime and Unemployment. The Park Place Economist, Article: 13, Vol.11, Iss.1, 30-36. Nilsson, A. and Agell, J. (2003). Crime, Unemployment and Labor Market Programs in Turbulent Times. IFAU- Institute For Labour Market Policy Evaluation, Working Paper 14, 1-31.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

C. Yenal Kesbiç This is me

Özlem Dündar This is me

Publication Date August 18, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 24 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kesbiç, C. Y., & Dündar, Ö. (2017). A Theoretical Overview On The Relationship Between Unemployment And Crime. Journal of Management and Economics, 24(2), 327-348. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.335225