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The Concept of Narco-Terrorism and its Historical Development: A Model of Analysis on the Drug-Trafficking Groups

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 22 - 35, 02.09.2022

Onur AĞKAYA Ayfer GENÇ YILMAZ Gül Pınar ERKEM GÜLBOY

Abstract

References

  • Asal, V. vd. (2015). When Terrorists Go Bad: Analyzing Terrorist Organizations’ Involvement in Drug Smuggling. International Studies Quarterly, 59, 112–123. doi: 10.1111/isqu.12162.
  • Atehortúa Cruz, A. L. & Rojas Rivera, D. M. (2008). El narcotráfico en Colombia. Pioneros y capos. Historia y Espacio, 4 (31). https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4015471.
  • Atsa’am, D. D. vd. (2020). A New Terrorism Categorization Based on Casualties and Consequences Using Hierarchical Clustering. Journal of Applied Security Research, 15 (3), 369-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2020.1769461
  • Beers, R. & Taylor, F. (2002). Narco-Terror: The Worldwide Connection Between Drugs and Terror. U.S. Department Of State. https://2001-2009.State.Gov/P/Inl/Rls/Rm/8743.Htm.
  • Benavie, A. (2009). Drugs: America’s Holy War. Routledge.
  • Bewley-Taylor, D. (2013). Drug Trafficking and Organised Crime in Afghanistan. The RUSI Journal, 158 (6), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2013.869719.
  • Björnehed, E. (2004). Narco-Terrorism: The Merger of the War on Drugs and the War on Terror. Global Crime, 6 (3-4), 305-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440570500273440.
  • Campbell, H. & Hansen, T. (2014). Is Narco-Violence in Mexico Terrorism? Bulletin of Latin American Research, 33 (2), 158-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/blar.12145.
  • Cavelty, M. D. & Balzacq, T. (Ed.) (2017). Routledge Handbook of Security Studies. Routledge.
  • Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica (2014). Guerrilla y Población Civil: Trayectoria de las FARC, 1943-2013. Imprenta Nacional de Colombia.
  • Chelin, R. P. (2020). From the Islamic State of Algeria to the Economic Caliphate of the Sahel, The Transformation of the Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. Terrorism and Political Violence, 32 (6), 1186-1205. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2018.1454316.
  • Chenoweth, E. & Lawrence, A. (Ed.) (2010). Rethinking Violence: States and Non-State Actors in Conflict. The MIT Press.
  • Chepesiuk, R. (2001). The War on Drugs: An International Encyclopedia. ABC-Clio.
  • Civico, A. (2015). The Para-State: An Ethnography of Colombia’s Death Squads. University of California Press.
  • Colombia Reports (2019, 22 Mayıs). Parapolitics. Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2022. https://colombiareports.com/parapolitics/.
  • Correa-Cabrera, G. (2017). Los Zetas Inc.: Criminal Corporations, Energy, and Civil War in Mexico. University of Texas Press.
  • Crenshaw, M. (2000). The Psychology of Terrorism: An Agenda for the 21st Century. Political Psychology, 21 (2), 405-420. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3791798.
  • Crews, R. D. & Tarzi, A., (2008). Introduction. R. Crews ve A. Tarzi (Ed.). The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan içinde (s.1-58). Harvard University Press.
  • de Goede, M. (2018). Counter-Terrorism Financing Assemblages After 9/11. Colin King (Ed.). The Palgrave Handbook of Criminal and Terrorism Financing Law içinde (s.755-779). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Dishman, C. (2001). Terrorism, Crime, and Transformation. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 24 (1), 43-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100118878.
  • Donati, J. ve de Córdoba, J. (2019). Trump Says U.S. to Designate Mexican Drug Cartels as Terrorists. The Wall Street Journal, 27 Kasım. Erişim tarihi: 29.12.2021. https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-says-u-s-to-designate-mexican-drug-cartels-as-terrorist-11574831409.
  • Durán-Martínez, A. (2018). The Politics of Drug Violence: Criminals, Cops, and Politicians in Colombia and Mexico. Oxford University Press.
  • Eccarius-Kelly, V. (2012). Surreptitious Lifelines: A Structural Analysis of the FARC and the PKK. Terrorism and Political Violence, 24 (2), 235-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2011.651182.
  • Ewans, M. (2005). Conflict in Afghanistan: Studies in Asymmetric Warfare. Routledge.
  • Felbab-Brown, V. (2009). Shooting Up: Counterinsurgency and the War on Drugs. Brookings Institution Press. Forest, J. F. (2012). Criminals and Terrorists: An Introduction to the Special Issue. Terrorism and Political Violence, 24 (2), 171-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2011.646829.
  • Grillo, I. (2011). El Narco: Inside Mexico’s Criminal Insurgency. Bloomsbury Press.
  • Hoffman, B. (1998). Inside Terrorism. Columbia University Press.
  • Hudson, R. A. (1995). Colombia's palace of justice tragedy revisited: A critique of the conspiracy theory. Terrorism and Political Violence, 7 (2), 93-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546559508427301.
  • Hussain, S. (2012). Looking for ‘tribals’ without politics, ‘warlords’ without history: the drug economy, development and political power in Afghanistan. Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 19 (3), 249-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2012.699877.
  • Institute for Economics and Peace (2020). Global Terrorism Index 2020: Measuring the Impact of Terrorism. Erişim tarihi: 22.12.2021. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-terrorism-index-2020-measuring-impact-terrorism.
  • Jones, N. P. (2018). The Strategic Implications of the Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación. Journal of Strategic Security, 11 (1), 19-42. https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.11.1.1661.
  • Kaldor, M. & Rangelov, I. (Ed.). (2014). The Handbook of Global Security Policy. Wiley Blackwell.
  • Langari, A. Z. (2015). Drug Problem in Afghanistan. Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission. Erişim Tarihi: 18.5.2021. www.aihrc.orh.af.
  • Laqueur, W. (1977). Terrorism. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
  • Leech, G. (2011). The FARC: The Longest Insurgency. Zed Books.
  • Lewis, D. (2014). Crime, terror and the state in Central Asia. Global Crime, 15 (3-4), 337-356. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2014.927764.
  • López-Hernández, C. (2016). ¡Adiós a las FARC! ¿Y ahora qué?. Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial.
  • Lozano, P. (1985). ¿'Narcoguerrilla' en Colombia?. El País, 24 Kasım. Erişim tarihi: 22.11.2021. https://elpais.com/diario/1985/11/24/internacional/501634811_850215.html.
  • Lupsha, P. A. (1989). Towards an Etiology of Drug Trafficking and Insurgent Relations: The Phenomenon of Narco-terrorism. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 13 (2), 61-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.1989.9688918.
  • MacDonald, D. (2007). Drugs in Afghanistan: Opium, Outlaws and Scorpion Tales. Pluto Press.
  • Madrazo-Lajous, A. vd. (2018). La ‘guerra contra las drogas’: Análisis de los combates de las fuerzas públicas 2006-2011. Política y Gobierno, 25 (2), 379-402.
  • Makarenko, T. (2004a). The Crime–Terror Continuum: Tracing the Interplay between Transnational Organised Crime and Terrorism. Global Crime, 6 (1), 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/1744057042000297025.
  • Makarenko, T. (2004b). Terrorism and Transnational Organized Crime: Tracing the CrimeTerror Nexus in Southeast Asia. P. Smith (Ed.). Terrorism and Transnational Violence in Southeast Asia: Challenges to States and Regional Stability içinde. M.E. Sharpe [ePub formatlı elektronik kitap].
  • Mansfield, D. (2018). Turning deserts into flowers: settlement and poppy cultivation in southwest Afghanistan. Third World Quarterly, 39 (2), 331-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1396535.
  • Mansfield, D. (2020). Narcotics and Counter-narcotics. B. R. Rubin (Ed.). Afghanistan: What Everyone Needs to Know. İçinde (204-229). Oxford University Press.
  • Martin, G. (2006). Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives and Issues. 2. Baskı. Sage Publications.
  • Mazzei, J. (2009). Death Squads or Self-defense Forces?: How Paramilitary Groups Emerge and Threaten Democracy in Latin America. The University of North Carolina Press.
  • Norman, S. V. (2018). Narcotization as a security dilemma: the FARC and Drug Trade in Colombia. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 41 (8), 638-659.
  • Pacheco, F. (2009). Narcofearance: How has Narcoterrorism Settled in Mexico? Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 32 (12), 1021–1048. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100903319797.
  • Phillips, B. J. (2015). How Does Leadership Decapitation Affect Violence? The Case of Drug-trafficking Organizations in Mexico. The Journal of Politics, 77 (2). https://doi.org/10.1086/680209.
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Narko-Terörizm Kavramı ve Tarihsel Gelişimi: Uyuşturucu Trafiğiyle Bağlantılı Gruplara Yönelik Bir Analiz Modeli

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 22 - 35, 02.09.2022

Onur AĞKAYA Ayfer GENÇ YILMAZ Gül Pınar ERKEM GÜLBOY

Abstract

Bu makalede ‘narko-terörizm’ ve bu kavrama dair yaklaşımlar ele alınmaktadır. Narko-terörizm ilk olarak politik bir söylem olarak ortaya çıkmış; daha sonra pratiklerin etkisiyle dönüşüme uğramıştır. 1990’lardan itibaren akademik literatüre giren kavram birçok çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak narko-terörizm tartışması yapılmakta ve büyük uyuşturucu kartelleri tarafından gerçekleştirilen dönemsel sistematik şiddet ‘gerçek narko-terörizm’ olarak kabul edilmektedir. Akabinde, narko-terörist olarak nitelendirilen terör örgütleri ve gerilla gruplarının sınıflandırılması için bir modelleme sunulmaktadır. Sunulan model, FARC ve Taliban örneklerine uygulanarak iki örgütün narko-terörizm açısından analizleri ortaya konulmaktadır. Çalışma, hem Türkiye’de devam eden terör sorunu için hem de dünyadaki diğer benzer uyuşturucu trafiğiyle bağlantılı terör vakalarının anlaşılabilmesi ve anlamlandırılabilmesine dair gelecek çalışmalara bir örnek sunarak literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

Narko-Terörizm, Terörizm, Uyuşturucu Trafiği, Uyuşturucu Ticareti, FARC, Taliban.

References

  • Asal, V. vd. (2015). When Terrorists Go Bad: Analyzing Terrorist Organizations’ Involvement in Drug Smuggling. International Studies Quarterly, 59, 112–123. doi: 10.1111/isqu.12162.
  • Atehortúa Cruz, A. L. & Rojas Rivera, D. M. (2008). El narcotráfico en Colombia. Pioneros y capos. Historia y Espacio, 4 (31). https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4015471.
  • Atsa’am, D. D. vd. (2020). A New Terrorism Categorization Based on Casualties and Consequences Using Hierarchical Clustering. Journal of Applied Security Research, 15 (3), 369-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2020.1769461
  • Beers, R. & Taylor, F. (2002). Narco-Terror: The Worldwide Connection Between Drugs and Terror. U.S. Department Of State. https://2001-2009.State.Gov/P/Inl/Rls/Rm/8743.Htm.
  • Benavie, A. (2009). Drugs: America’s Holy War. Routledge.
  • Bewley-Taylor, D. (2013). Drug Trafficking and Organised Crime in Afghanistan. The RUSI Journal, 158 (6), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2013.869719.
  • Björnehed, E. (2004). Narco-Terrorism: The Merger of the War on Drugs and the War on Terror. Global Crime, 6 (3-4), 305-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440570500273440.
  • Campbell, H. & Hansen, T. (2014). Is Narco-Violence in Mexico Terrorism? Bulletin of Latin American Research, 33 (2), 158-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/blar.12145.
  • Cavelty, M. D. & Balzacq, T. (Ed.) (2017). Routledge Handbook of Security Studies. Routledge.
  • Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica (2014). Guerrilla y Población Civil: Trayectoria de las FARC, 1943-2013. Imprenta Nacional de Colombia.
  • Chelin, R. P. (2020). From the Islamic State of Algeria to the Economic Caliphate of the Sahel, The Transformation of the Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. Terrorism and Political Violence, 32 (6), 1186-1205. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2018.1454316.
  • Chenoweth, E. & Lawrence, A. (Ed.) (2010). Rethinking Violence: States and Non-State Actors in Conflict. The MIT Press.
  • Chepesiuk, R. (2001). The War on Drugs: An International Encyclopedia. ABC-Clio.
  • Civico, A. (2015). The Para-State: An Ethnography of Colombia’s Death Squads. University of California Press.
  • Colombia Reports (2019, 22 Mayıs). Parapolitics. Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2022. https://colombiareports.com/parapolitics/.
  • Correa-Cabrera, G. (2017). Los Zetas Inc.: Criminal Corporations, Energy, and Civil War in Mexico. University of Texas Press.
  • Crenshaw, M. (2000). The Psychology of Terrorism: An Agenda for the 21st Century. Political Psychology, 21 (2), 405-420. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3791798.
  • Crews, R. D. & Tarzi, A., (2008). Introduction. R. Crews ve A. Tarzi (Ed.). The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan içinde (s.1-58). Harvard University Press.
  • de Goede, M. (2018). Counter-Terrorism Financing Assemblages After 9/11. Colin King (Ed.). The Palgrave Handbook of Criminal and Terrorism Financing Law içinde (s.755-779). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Dishman, C. (2001). Terrorism, Crime, and Transformation. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 24 (1), 43-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100118878.
  • Donati, J. ve de Córdoba, J. (2019). Trump Says U.S. to Designate Mexican Drug Cartels as Terrorists. The Wall Street Journal, 27 Kasım. Erişim tarihi: 29.12.2021. https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-says-u-s-to-designate-mexican-drug-cartels-as-terrorist-11574831409.
  • Durán-Martínez, A. (2018). The Politics of Drug Violence: Criminals, Cops, and Politicians in Colombia and Mexico. Oxford University Press.
  • Eccarius-Kelly, V. (2012). Surreptitious Lifelines: A Structural Analysis of the FARC and the PKK. Terrorism and Political Violence, 24 (2), 235-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2011.651182.
  • Ewans, M. (2005). Conflict in Afghanistan: Studies in Asymmetric Warfare. Routledge.
  • Felbab-Brown, V. (2009). Shooting Up: Counterinsurgency and the War on Drugs. Brookings Institution Press. Forest, J. F. (2012). Criminals and Terrorists: An Introduction to the Special Issue. Terrorism and Political Violence, 24 (2), 171-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2011.646829.
  • Grillo, I. (2011). El Narco: Inside Mexico’s Criminal Insurgency. Bloomsbury Press.
  • Hoffman, B. (1998). Inside Terrorism. Columbia University Press.
  • Hudson, R. A. (1995). Colombia's palace of justice tragedy revisited: A critique of the conspiracy theory. Terrorism and Political Violence, 7 (2), 93-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546559508427301.
  • Hussain, S. (2012). Looking for ‘tribals’ without politics, ‘warlords’ without history: the drug economy, development and political power in Afghanistan. Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 19 (3), 249-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2012.699877.
  • Institute for Economics and Peace (2020). Global Terrorism Index 2020: Measuring the Impact of Terrorism. Erişim tarihi: 22.12.2021. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-terrorism-index-2020-measuring-impact-terrorism.
  • Jones, N. P. (2018). The Strategic Implications of the Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación. Journal of Strategic Security, 11 (1), 19-42. https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.11.1.1661.
  • Kaldor, M. & Rangelov, I. (Ed.). (2014). The Handbook of Global Security Policy. Wiley Blackwell.
  • Langari, A. Z. (2015). Drug Problem in Afghanistan. Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission. Erişim Tarihi: 18.5.2021. www.aihrc.orh.af.
  • Laqueur, W. (1977). Terrorism. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
  • Leech, G. (2011). The FARC: The Longest Insurgency. Zed Books.
  • Lewis, D. (2014). Crime, terror and the state in Central Asia. Global Crime, 15 (3-4), 337-356. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2014.927764.
  • López-Hernández, C. (2016). ¡Adiós a las FARC! ¿Y ahora qué?. Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial.
  • Lozano, P. (1985). ¿'Narcoguerrilla' en Colombia?. El País, 24 Kasım. Erişim tarihi: 22.11.2021. https://elpais.com/diario/1985/11/24/internacional/501634811_850215.html.
  • Lupsha, P. A. (1989). Towards an Etiology of Drug Trafficking and Insurgent Relations: The Phenomenon of Narco-terrorism. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 13 (2), 61-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.1989.9688918.
  • MacDonald, D. (2007). Drugs in Afghanistan: Opium, Outlaws and Scorpion Tales. Pluto Press.
  • Madrazo-Lajous, A. vd. (2018). La ‘guerra contra las drogas’: Análisis de los combates de las fuerzas públicas 2006-2011. Política y Gobierno, 25 (2), 379-402.
  • Makarenko, T. (2004a). The Crime–Terror Continuum: Tracing the Interplay between Transnational Organised Crime and Terrorism. Global Crime, 6 (1), 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/1744057042000297025.
  • Makarenko, T. (2004b). Terrorism and Transnational Organized Crime: Tracing the CrimeTerror Nexus in Southeast Asia. P. Smith (Ed.). Terrorism and Transnational Violence in Southeast Asia: Challenges to States and Regional Stability içinde. M.E. Sharpe [ePub formatlı elektronik kitap].
  • Mansfield, D. (2018). Turning deserts into flowers: settlement and poppy cultivation in southwest Afghanistan. Third World Quarterly, 39 (2), 331-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1396535.
  • Mansfield, D. (2020). Narcotics and Counter-narcotics. B. R. Rubin (Ed.). Afghanistan: What Everyone Needs to Know. İçinde (204-229). Oxford University Press.
  • Martin, G. (2006). Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives and Issues. 2. Baskı. Sage Publications.
  • Mazzei, J. (2009). Death Squads or Self-defense Forces?: How Paramilitary Groups Emerge and Threaten Democracy in Latin America. The University of North Carolina Press.
  • Norman, S. V. (2018). Narcotization as a security dilemma: the FARC and Drug Trade in Colombia. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 41 (8), 638-659.
  • Pacheco, F. (2009). Narcofearance: How has Narcoterrorism Settled in Mexico? Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 32 (12), 1021–1048. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100903319797.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Onur AĞKAYA
Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi
0000-0003-3044-5978
Türkiye

Ayfer GENÇ YILMAZ
İSTANBUL TİCARET ÜNİVERSİTESİ
0000-0002-4714-0639
Türkiye

Gül Pınar ERKEM GÜLBOY
İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ
0000-0003-1171-8803
Türkiye

Publication Date September 2, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

Bibtex @research article { ysbed1096702, journal = {Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi}, eissn = {2587-2036}, address = {Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Yıldız Kampüsü Barbaros Bulvarı 34349 Yıldız - İstanbul}, publisher = {Yildiz Technical University}, year = {2022}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, pages = {22 - 35}, title = {Narko-Terörizm Kavramı ve Tarihsel Gelişimi: Uyuşturucu Trafiğiyle Bağlantılı Gruplara Yönelik Bir Analiz Modeli}, key = {cite}, author = {Ağkaya, Onur and Genç Yılmaz, Ayfer and Erkem Gülboy, Gül Pınar} }
APA Ağkaya, O. , Genç Yılmaz, A. & Erkem Gülboy, G. P. (2022). Narko-Terörizm Kavramı ve Tarihsel Gelişimi: Uyuşturucu Trafiğiyle Bağlantılı Gruplara Yönelik Bir Analiz Modeli . Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi , 6 (1) , 22-35 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ysbed/issue/73094/1096702
MLA Ağkaya, O. , Genç Yılmaz, A. , Erkem Gülboy, G. P. "Narko-Terörizm Kavramı ve Tarihsel Gelişimi: Uyuşturucu Trafiğiyle Bağlantılı Gruplara Yönelik Bir Analiz Modeli" . Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 6 (2022 ): 22-35 <https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ysbed/issue/73094/1096702>
Chicago Ağkaya, O. , Genç Yılmaz, A. , Erkem Gülboy, G. P. "Narko-Terörizm Kavramı ve Tarihsel Gelişimi: Uyuşturucu Trafiğiyle Bağlantılı Gruplara Yönelik Bir Analiz Modeli". Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 6 (2022 ): 22-35
RIS TY - JOUR T1 - The Concept of Narco-Terrorism and its Historical Development: A Model of Analysis on the Drug-Trafficking Groups AU - OnurAğkaya, AyferGenç Yılmaz, Gül PınarErkem Gülboy Y1 - 2022 PY - 2022 N1 - DO - T2 - Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 22 EP - 35 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - -2587-2036 M3 - UR - Y2 - 2022 ER -
EndNote %0 Yıldız Social Sciences Institute Journal Narko-Terörizm Kavramı ve Tarihsel Gelişimi: Uyuşturucu Trafiğiyle Bağlantılı Gruplara Yönelik Bir Analiz Modeli %A Onur Ağkaya , Ayfer Genç Yılmaz , Gül Pınar Erkem Gülboy %T Narko-Terörizm Kavramı ve Tarihsel Gelişimi: Uyuşturucu Trafiğiyle Bağlantılı Gruplara Yönelik Bir Analiz Modeli %D 2022 %J Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi %P -2587-2036 %V 6 %N 1 %R %U
ISNAD Ağkaya, Onur , Genç Yılmaz, Ayfer , Erkem Gülboy, Gül Pınar . "Narko-Terörizm Kavramı ve Tarihsel Gelişimi: Uyuşturucu Trafiğiyle Bağlantılı Gruplara Yönelik Bir Analiz Modeli". Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 6 / 1 (September 2022): 22-35 .
AMA Ağkaya O. , Genç Yılmaz A. , Erkem Gülboy G. P. Narko-Terörizm Kavramı ve Tarihsel Gelişimi: Uyuşturucu Trafiğiyle Bağlantılı Gruplara Yönelik Bir Analiz Modeli. Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2022; 6(1): 22-35.
Vancouver Ağkaya O. , Genç Yılmaz A. , Erkem Gülboy G. P. Narko-Terörizm Kavramı ve Tarihsel Gelişimi: Uyuşturucu Trafiğiyle Bağlantılı Gruplara Yönelik Bir Analiz Modeli. Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2022; 6(1): 22-35.
IEEE O. Ağkaya , A. Genç Yılmaz and G. P. Erkem Gülboy , "Narko-Terörizm Kavramı ve Tarihsel Gelişimi: Uyuşturucu Trafiğiyle Bağlantılı Gruplara Yönelik Bir Analiz Modeli", Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 22-35, Sep. 2022