BAĞIMLILIK SOSYOLOJİSİ: KAVRAMLAR, SÜREÇLER, TEORİLER

Year 2025, Issue: 68, 18 - 33, 27.06.2025

Muhammet N. Çakmak

https://doi.org/10.53568/yyusbed.1540018

Abstract

Sarhoş edici ve keyif verici madde kullanımının Milattan Önceye kadar dayandığı bilinmektedir. Ancak günümüzdeki anlamıyla madde kullanımı ve buna bağlı olarak gelişen bağımlılık tanımı önemli ölçüde modern bir olgudur. Kimya, farmakoloji ve çeşitli alanlardaki bilimsel gelişmelerle birlikte bağımlılık yapıcı maddelerin de niteliği ve etkileri değişmiştir. Bu değişimle birlikte bağımlılık tanımı yapılmış ve fenomen başta psikoloji olmak üzere birçok disiplin tarafından anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bağımlılığın sadece bireysel ve maddeyle ilişkili olmadığını aynı zamanda toplumsal yönünün de olduğunu iddia eden sosyolojinin müstakil bir çalışmayla bağımlılık alanına girmesi 20. Yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinden sonra olmuştur. Bu çalışmada klasik ve modern sosyoloji teorileri bağlamında bağımlılık fenomeni anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Karl Marx ve Emile Durkheim gibi kurucu babaların madde kullanımına ilişkin görüşlerinin yanı sıra Yapısal- İşlevselcilik, Sembolik Etkileşimcilik, Fenomenoloji ve Çatışma Teorisi gibi modern sosyoloji teorilerinin bağımlılığa ilişkin yaklaşımlarına yer verilmiştir. Bunun yanında söz konusu sosyolojik teorileri temel alan araştırmalar da bu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Türkçe literatürde bağımlılık sosyolojisi başlığı altında yer alan çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma bağımlılık sosyolojisi alanına mütevazi bir katkıyı amaçlamıştır.

Keywords

: bağımlılık sosyolojisi, madde kullanımı, sosyoloji teorileri

SOCİOLOGY OF ADDICTION: CONCEPTS, PROCESSES, THEORIES

Abstract

It is known that the use of intoxicating and recreational substances dates back to BC. However, in today's sense, substance use and the definition of addiction are important modern phenomena. With scientific developments in chemistry, pharmacology and various other fields, the nature and effects of addictive substances have changed. With this change, addiction has been defined and the it has been tried to be understood by many disciplines, especially psychology. It was only after the first quarter of the 20th century that sociology, which claims that addiction is not only individual and substance-related but also has a social aspect, entered the field of addiction. In this study, the phenomenon of addiction has been tried to be understood in the context of classical and modern sociological theories. In addition to the views of founding fathers such as Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim on substance abuse, the approaches of modern sociological theories such as Structural-Functionalism, Symbolic Interactionism, Phenomenology and Conflict Theory on addiction are included. In addition, researches based on these sociological theories are also included in this study. It has been observed that the studies under the title of sociology of addiction in the Turkish literature are limited. The study aims to make a modest contribution to the field of sociology of addiction.

Keywords

substance use, sociological theories, sociology of addiction

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