Characterization of Euglena sp. Amino Acids and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) in Correlation to Ammonium Sulfate (NH₄)₂SO₄ Variation: Large-Scale Cultivation

Year 2025, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 259 - 277, 30.06.2025

Eko Agus Suyono , A. Najib Dhiaurahman , Ismia Wulandari , Samia Nasitathuz Zahra Tariq Akhdan Purnama Dedy Kurnianto , Tia Erfianti , Ria Amelia , Khusnul Qonita Maghfiroh , Renata Adaranyssa Egistha Putri

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1479045

Abstract

Ammonium sulfate (NH₄)₂SO₄ as a source of N compounds in the growth medium of Euglena sp. has a major role in growth, vegetative cell formation, protein formation, lipid, and other organic compounds. Euglena sp. are microalgae that can grow in environments with acidic pH and high ammonia levels. In this study, variation of ammonium sulfate treatments at different concentrations includes low nitrogen level/F1 (0.5 g L-1), control (1 g L-1), and high nitrogen level/F2 (2 g L-1). This study aimed to define and quantify the amount of FAME, amino acids, growth, and biomass of Euglena sp. cultured on a large scale over a period of 16 days. FAME components were tested using Gas Chromatography Flame-Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and amino acids were characterized using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). The highest lipid content in F1 (0.209±0.0133 mg mL-1), while the highest protein content (23.1792±2.2607µg mL-1), and the highest biomass content (0.1444±0.0406 mg mL-1) found in F2. The SFA components in Euglena sp. elevated with low nitrogen treatment, with methyl arachidate (C20:0), methyl heneicosanoate (C21:0), and methyl palmitoleate (C16:1) with values of 18.76%; 13.54%; and 10.18%, respectively. The amino acid characterization generated 18 compounds, with the highest amino acid concentration of L-Arginine in the control group (15233.09 mg kg-1), and typical amino acids obtained were L-Alanine, L-Tyrosine, L-Histidine, L-Tryptophan, L-Aspartic acid, and L-Serine (VIP score>1).

Keywords

Euglena sp. , FAME , Amino acid , Growth rate , Nitrogen

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval is not required for this study as it is not an animal or human study

Supporting Institution

Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengujian Terpadu (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada, Saraswanti Indo Genetech

Project Number

MBKM Faculty of Biologi 2023-2024

Thanks

The authors are grateful to Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengujian Terpadu (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada for characterization of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) and Saraswanti Indo Genetech for characterization of Amino Acid. Authors are also thankful to the Laboratory of Biotechnology and Fasilitas Penelitian Bersama (FALITMA), Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada for allowing us to use the laboratory facilities.

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