Ameliorative Effect of Poly-Herbal Mixture on Caecal coccidiosis in Broiler Chicks

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 1 - 11, 13.04.2022

Muhammad Sajid

Abstract

Caecal coccidiosis is disease of poultry which is caused by the Eimeria tenella (family of protozoan belongs to genus Eimeria). This is most prevalent ailment and results in decrease production and high death rates in broiler chicks. Extensive use of drugs as preventive therapy has created antimicrobial resistance. Poultry experts are thinking about the use of herbal plants and their combinations for the control of Coccidiosis in commercial poultry as alternatives. Holarrhena Antidysenterica and Azadirachta indica were reported to have anthelmintic, antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral activity. A total of 270 broiler chicks were equally divided into nine group from A to I. they were experimentally infected with a challenge of Eimeria tenella from group A to H. Group A to G were treated with poly herbal preparations and a routinely used drug. Group H was positive control but group I was negative control. Birds were observed for live body weight, hematological parameters and structural changes in cecum. Birds of group G and H showed highest (P<0.05) body weights, RBC, Hb and PCV as compared to positive control group. It was concluded that poly herbal mixture showed more anticoccidial effects to control this problem as compared to routine therapeutic drugs and hence they can be used as alternatives.

Keywords

Eimeria, broilers, hematology, histopathology

References

• Abbas RZ, Iqbal ZAF, Khan AR, Sindhu ZUD, Khan JA, Khan MN, Raza A. 2012. Options for integrated strategies for the control of avian Coccidiosis. Int J Agric Biol. 14: 1014-1020.
• Abbas, R., Iqbal, Z., Mansoor, M., Sindhu, Z.U.D., Zia, M.A. and Khan, J.A., 2013. Role of natural antioxidants for the control of coccidiosis in poultry. Pak. Vet. J, 33, pp.401-407.
• Abdelnour, S.A., Swelum, A.A., Salama, A., Al-Ghadi, M.Q., Qattan, S.Y., Abd El-Hack, M.E., Khafaga, A.F., Alhimaidi, A.R., Almutairi, B.O., Ammari, A.A. and El-Saadony, M.T., 2020. The beneficial impacts of dietary phycocyanin supplementation on growing rabbits under high ambient temperature. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 19(1), pp.1046-1056.
• Arczewska-Wlosek A, Swiatkiewicz S. 2013. Improved performance due to dietary supplementation with selected herbal extracts of broiler chickens infected with Eimeria spp. J. Anim Feed Sci. 22(3): 257-263.
• Bachaya H, Raza M, Khan M, Iqbal Z, Abbas R, Murtaza S, Badar N. 2012. Predominance and detection of different Eimeria species causing Coccidiosis in layer chickens. J Anim Plant Sci. 22(3): 597-600.
• Bancroft JD, Gamble M. 2008. Theory and practice of the histological techniques 6 edition. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia.
• Barocci S. 1999. Effects of some extracts on the acetylcholine release at the mouse neuromuscular junction. Pharmacol. Res. 39: 239-245.
• Biu AA, Yusuf SD and Rao JS. (2006). Use of need (Azadirachta indica) aqueous extract as a treatment for poultry coccidiosis in Borno State, Nigeria. African Scientis, 7:147-153.
• Blake, D.P., Knox, J., Dehaeck, B., Huntington, B., Rathinam, T., Ravipati, V., Ayoade, S., Gilbert, W., Adebambo, A.O., Jatau, I.D. and Raman, M., 2020. Re-calculating the cost of coccidiosis in chickens. Veterinary Research, 51(1), pp.1-14.
• Chapman HD. 2014. Milestones in avian Coccidiosis research: a review.Poult Sci. 93(3): 501-511.
• Chapman HD. 2009. A landmark contribution to poultry science — prophylactic control of Coccidiosis in poultry. Poult Sci. 2009. 88: 813–815.
• Craig WJ. 1999. Health-promoting properties of common herbs. Am J Clin Nutr. 70(3): 491-499. Council NR (2002). Neem; a tree for solving global problems. The Minerva Group, Inc.
• Dalloul RA, Lillehoj HS. 2006. Poultry Coccidiosis: recent advancements in control measures and vaccine development. Expert review of vaccines. 5(1): 143-163.
• Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy S, Abdel Moneim AE and Delic D. (2013). Protective effect of Azadirachta indica extract against Eimeria papillata induced coccidiosis. Parasitology Research, 112:101-106.
• El-Shall NA, Abd El-Hack ME, Albaqami NM, Khafaga AF, Taha AE, Swelum AA, El-Saadony MT, Salem HM, El-Tahan AM, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA, Elbestawy AR. (2022). Phytochemical control of poultry coccidiosis: a review. Poult Sci. 2022 Jan;101:101542.
• Ellakany, H.F., Abuakkada, S.S., Oda, S.S. and El-Sayed, Y.S., 2011. Influence of low levels of dietary aflatoxins on Eimeria tenella infections in broilers. Tropical animal health and production, 43(1), pp.249-257.
• Gerhold Jr RW. 2015. Overview of Coccidiosis in poultry. Merck and Co., Inc.: Kenilworth, NJ,USA. Habibi H, Firouzi S, Nili H, Razavi M, Asadi SL, Daneshi S. 2016. Anticoccidial effects of herbal extracts on Eimeria tenella. J Parasit Dis. 40(2): 401-407.
• Hashemi SR, Davoodi H. 2010. Phytogenics as new class of feed additive in poultry industry. J Anim Vet Adv. 9(17): 2295-2304.
• Kothavade, R.J., Joglekar, S.N. and Barodavalla, S.A., 1996. Protective effect of an indigenous drug livomyn on ketoconazole induced hepatotoxicity. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 58(4), p.142.
• Mallick C, Chatterjee K, GuhaBiswas M, Ghosh D. 2007. Antihyperglycemic effects of separate , composite extract of root of Musa paradisiaca, leaf of Coccinia Indica in streptozotocin induced diabetic male albino rat. Afr J Trad CAM .4: 362-371.
• Molina V, Arruzazabala ML, Carbajal D, Más R, Valdés S. 2000. Antiplatelet and antithrombotic effect of D-003. Pharmacological research. 42(2): 137-143.
• Nilsson O, Greko C, Bengtsson B, Englund S. 2012. Genetic diversity among VRE isolated from Swedish broilers with the coincidental finding of transferrable decreased susceptibility to narasin. J Appl Microbiol 112: 716–722.
• Nogueira, V.A., França, T.N. and Peixoto, P.V., 2009. Ionophore poisoning in animals. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 29, pp.191-197.
• Oyagbemi, T.O. and Adejinmi, J.O., 2012. Supplementation of broiler feed with leaves of Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica protected birds naturally infected with Eimeria sp. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(33), pp.8407-8413.
• Remmal, A., Achahbar, S., Bouddine, L., Chami, N. and Chami, F., 2011. In vitro destruction of Eimeria oocysts by essential oils. Veterinary parasitology, 182(2-4), pp.121-126.
• Ros G, De Victoria EM, Farran A. 2009. Spanish food composition database: A challenge for a consensus. Food chem. 113.3: 789-794.
• Sharma RS, Rajalakshmi M, Jeyaraj DA. 2001. Current status of fertility control methods in India. Journal of biosciences. 26(4): 391-405.
• Tipu MA, Pasha T, Ali Z. 2002. Comparative Efficacy of Salinomycin Sodium and Neem Fruit (Azadirachta Indica). Int J Poult Sci. 1(4): 91-93.
• Tsiouris V, Giannenas I, Bonos E, Papadopoulos E, Stylianaki I, Sidiropoulou E, Lazari D, Tzora A, Ganguly B and Georgopoulou I. (2021). Efficacy of a dietary polyherbal formula on the performance and gut health in broiler chicks after experimental infection with Eimeria spp; Pathogens 10:1-15.
• Vermeulen A, Schaap D, Schetters TP. 2001. Control of Coccidiosis in chickens by vaccination.Vet Parasitol. 100(1-2): 13-20.
• Zaman MA, Iqbal Z, Abbas RZ and Khan MN. (2012). Anticoccidial activity of herbal complex in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria tenella. Parasitology, 139:237-243.
• Zidar P, Zizek S. 2012. The impact of coccidiostats monensin and lasalocid on Cd and Pb uptake in the isopod Porcellio scaber. Appl Soil Ecol. 55: 36–43.