N-Fikser İçeren Biyolojik Gübrenin Akdeniz İklimi Koşullarında Mikrobiyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Toprak Özellikleri ile Mısır Verimine Etkisi

Year 2019, Volume: 56 Issue: 4, 505 - 521, 31.12.2019

Sevde Ayyıldız Hüseyin Hüsnü Kayıkçıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.559383

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada topraklara, havanın serbest azotunu (N₂)
bağlama yeteneğine sahip organizmalardan oluşan (Azospirillum sp., Azorhizobium
sp. ve Azoarcus sp.) ticari bir
preparatın, Akdeniz iklimi etkisi altında bulunan Typic Xerofluvent özellikteki
toprakta etkinlik potansiyelleri ile mevcut biyolojik özellikleri üzerine
etkileri araştırılmıştır.

Materyal ve Metot: Biyolojik
gübre uygulamalı ve uygulamasız parsellere (0-0.5 g ha^-1; BG₀-BG₁),
3 doz kimyasal azotlu gübre (0-125-250 kg N ha^-1; N₀-N₁-N₂)
uygulamalarının, toprağın mikrobiyolojik (mikrobiyal biyokütle karbonu, MBC;
toprak solunumu, BSR; azot mineralizasyonu, N_min; genel bakteri
sayısı, GB, Azospirillum sp. sayısı,
AZO) ve biyokimyasal aktivitesine (dehidrogenaz, DHG; proteaz, PRO, üreaz, UA)
ve test bitkisi olarak yetiştirilen mısır bitkisinin (Zea mays var. indentata) verim ve azot içeriğine olan etkileri
faktöriyel bazda incelenmiştir.

Bulgular: Biyolojik gübre uygulamasıyla topraklarda incelenen mikrobiyolojik ve
biyokimyasal parametrelerden MBC, DHG ve AZO parametreleri önemli düzeyde
pozitif olarak etkilenirken (P<0.05); BSR, N_min ve GB
parametrelerinde de artış saptanmış ancak istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde
bulunmamıştır (P>0.05). Buna karşılık hidrolazlar grubundan olan ve
topraklarda N-döngüsünde yer alan iki enzimin aktivitesinde bir azalma
saptanmasına karşın bu azalış da istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmamıştır
(P>0.05). NO₃-N ile AZO arasında ortaya çıkan negatif korelasyon
(-0.468**), azotlu gübrelemede Azospirillum
sp. ile NH₄-N’u içeren gübrelerin kullanılmasının daha uygun
olacağını göstermektedir. Biyolojik gübre uygulamalarına bağlı olarak mısır
bitkisinin verimi % 24 – 69 oranında, azot içeriği ise % 3 – 11 oranında artış
göstermiştir. Bu parametreleri en fazla uyaran uygulama ise N₁BG₁
uygulaması olmuştur.

Sonuç: Deneme
sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, hem toprak sağlığının sürdürülebilirliğini ve
hem de bitkisel üretimi desteklemek amacıyla 0.5 g ha^-1 dozunda
biyolojik gübre ile 125 kg N ha^-1 azot dozunun birlikte kullanılması
önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Mikrobiyal biyokütle-C, toprak enzimleri, toprak sağlığı, biyolojik azot fiksasyonu, kimyasal N-gübre

The Effect of Biological Fertilizer Containing N-Fixer on Microbiological and Biochemical Soil Characteristics and Maize Yield under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the effectiveness of potential and the effects on current biological properties in soil with Typical xerofluvent properties under Mediterranean climatic conditions of an imported commercial preparation of organisms (Azospirillum sp., Azorhizobium sp. and Azoarcus sp.) which have the ability to bind free nitrogen from the air (N2) by carrying out asymbiotic nitrogen fixation.

Material and Methods: Three different doses of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (0-125-250 kg N ha-1; N0-N1-N2) were applied to plots with and without biological fertilizer (0-0.5 g ha-1; BG0-BG1), and the effects of these treatments on soil microbiological activity (microbial biomass carbon – MBC, basal soil respiration – BSR, N-mineralization – Nmin, number of general bacteria – GB, number of Azospirillum sp. – AZO) and biochemical activity (dehydrogenase – DHG, protease – PRO, urease – UA), and the yield and nitrogen content of the test plant (Zea mays var. indentata) were investigated on a factorial basis.

Results: Biofertilization had a significant positive effect on the microbiological and biochemical parameters MBC, DHG and AZO (P<0.05) examined in the soil; increases were seen in the parameters BSR, Nmin and GB, but these were found not to be significant (P>0.05). Also, although a reduction was seen in the activity of two enzymes of the hydrolase group which take part in the nitrogen cycle in the soil, this reduction was found not to be significant (P>0.05). However, the negative correlation found between NO3-N and AZO (-0.468**) shows that the use of fertilizers containing Azospirillum sp. and NH4-N would be more suitable. In the maize plants, yield showed an increase of 24-69% with the application of biofertilizer, and nitrogen content increased by 3-11%. The application affecting these parameters the most was the N1BG1 application.

Conclusion: Evaluating the results of the experiment, it is recommended that biological fertilizer at a dose of 0.5 g ha-1 together with nitrogen at a dose of 125 kg N ha-1 should be used on Typic xerofluvent soils in order to both maintain soil health and support crop yield.

Keywords

Microbial biomass-C, soil enzymes, soil health, biological nitrogen fixation, chemical N-fertilizer

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