Bitki Hastalıklarının Entegre Yönetiminde Bitki İmmunitesi Uyarıcılarının Potansiyel Kullanımı

Year 2020, Volume: 57 Issue: 1, 145 - 156, 31.03.2020

Necip Tosun Emin Onan

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.681913

Abstract

Kimyasal pestisitlerin aşırı ve uygun olmayan kullanımlarından kaynaklanan çevre kirliliği ve gıda güvenliği sorunları nedeniyle, kimyasal pestisitlerin kullanımını azaltmak arayışı gündemde ilk sıraya oturmuştur. Bitki immunitesini arttıran yöntemler, son yıllarda bitki korumada yeni ve hızlı gelişen araştırma alanıdır. Bitki immunitesini uyarıcı bileşikler biyolojik olan ve olmayan aktif moleküller olmak üzere iki grupta toplanabilir. Biyolojik aktif moleküller patojen ile konukçusu arasındaki etkileşim sırasında üretilen aktif küçük moleküllerdir. Bunlar metabolitler, oligosakkaritler, glikoproteinler, glikopeptidler, proteinler, polipeptidler, lipitler ve diğer hücresel bileşenlerdir. Biyolojik olmayan aktif moleküller, sentetik bitki immunitesi uyarıcı kimyasallardır. Başlıcaları; SA türevleri, İsonikotinik asit türevleri (INA), Thiadiazole ve İsothiazole türevleri, JA analoğu ve β-aminobutirik asit (BABA)’tir. Bu derlemede “biyolojik kaynaklı bitki immunitesi uyarıcıları” olan proteinler, oligosakkaritler ve mikrobiyal uyarıcılar ile “sentetik bitki immunitesi uyarıcı kimyasallar” olan SA türevleri, isonikotinik asit türevleri (INA), thiadiazole ve isothiazole türevleri, JA analoğu, β-aminobutirik asit (BABA) konusunda yapılmış son çalışmalara yer verilmiştir.

Keywords

Bitki immunitesi, SAR, ISR, bitki hastalık yönetimi, bitki aktivatörü

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