Azerbaycan'ın Gedebay ilçesinde dağlık tarım topraklarının ağır metal içeriği ve ekolojik risk değerlendirmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 61 Issue: 1, 73 - 86, 18.04.2024

Mehmana Sadig

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.1386603

Abstract

Amaç: Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, i) ağır metallerin dağılım özelliklerini araştırmak, ii) temel toprak özellikleri ile ilişkilerini incelemek ve iii) potansiyel kaynaklarını ve ekolojik risklerini karakterize etmektir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Kafkas Dağları'nda (Gadabay bölgesi) yer alan temsili bir tarım alanında Çernozem toprağının yüzey katmanından (0-15 cm) toplam 85 örnek toplanmış, ağır metal içerikleri ve temel toprak özellikleri belirlenmiştir.
Araştırma Bulguları: Ağır metallerin ortalamaları azalan bir sıra izlemiştir: Mn>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Co>Pb>As>Se>Cd ve bazı ağır metaller (As, Cd, Se) parçalı bir dağılım sergilemiştir. Co, Cr, Mn, Se ve Zn içerikleri arka plan konsantrasyonundan daha yüksek iken diğerleri (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb ve Zn) izin verilen maksimum konsantrasyonu aştı.
Sonuç: Ağır metallerin uzaysal dağılımı, tipik ve elemente özgü dağılımlarıyla karakterize edilmiştir.. Belirtilen değişkenlik muhtemelen jeolojik özellikler (toprak mineralojisi), madencilik geçmişi ve tarımsal uygulamalarla ilgilidir. Kireçtaşı ve kil minerallerinin varlığı sırasıyla Cd, Cu ve Se ile Mn ve Pb'nin birlikteliğine katkıda bulunmuştur. Kum içeriği Cr ve Cu'nun hareketliliğini etkiledi. pH ile Cr, Ni ve Se arasındaki ilişkiler, ana materyalin bu metallerin dağılımı üzerindeki etkisinin göstergesiydi.

Keywords

Ağır metaller, çevresel indeksler, Kafkas Dağları, toprak özellikleri

Heavy metal content of mountainous agricultural soils and ecological risk assessment in Gadabay district, Azerbaijan

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to i) investigate the distribution characteristics of heavy metals, ii) examine their relationships with basic soil properties, and iii) characterize their potential sources and ecological risks.
Material and Methods: A total of 85 samples were collected from the surface horizon (0-15 cm) of Chernozem soil in a representative agricultural area located in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains (Gadabay district), and heavy metal contents and basic soil properties were determined.
Results: The mean of the heavy metals followed a decreasing order: Mn>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Co>Pb>As>Se>Cd and some heavy metals (As, Cd, Se) exhibited a fragmented distribution. Co, Cr, Mn, Se and Zn contents were higher than the background concentration, while others (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn) exceeded the maximum permissible concentration.
Conclusion: The spatial distribution of heavy metals was characterized by their typical and element-specific distribution. The noted variability was likely related to geologic features (soil mineralogy), mining history and agricultural practices. Notably, the presence of limestone and clay minerals contributed to the association of Cd, Cu and Se and Mn and Pb, respectively. Sand content influenced the mobility of Cr and Cu. The relations between pH and Cr, Ni and Se was the indication of the influence of the parent material on the distribution of these metals.

Keywords

Caucasus Mountains, environmental indices, heavy metals, soil properties

Supporting Institution

Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Ministry of Science and Education of Azerbaijan Republic

Thanks

The author thanks the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Ministry of Science and Education of Azerbaijan Republic for the laboratory support.

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