Demir eksikliği olan okul öncesi ve okul çağındaki çocukların serum çinko seviyelerinin değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel vaka kontrol çalışması

Year 2019, Volume: 50 Issue: 4, 183 - 186, 15.12.2019

Ömer Kartal Orhan Gürsel

https://doi.org/10.16948/zktipb.532853

Abstract

Amaç: Dünyada
hala ek sık gözlenen nutrisyonel eksiklikler demir ve çinko eksiklikleridir.
Günümüzde bu nutrisyonel eksiklikler sadece gelişmekte olan ülkelerin değil tüm
dünyanın önemli bir problemidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi ve okul
çağında demir eksikliği olan çocuklarda serum çinko seviyelerini karşılaştırmak
ve eritrosit indekslerine olan etkilerini değerlendirmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya
Ocak 2011 ile Ağustos 2017 tarihleri arasında Gülhane Eğitim ve Araştırma
Hastanesi çocuk hematolojisi polikliniğine başvuran, serum çinko ve demir
düzeyleri bakılmış çocuklar dahil edildi. Hastalar okul öncesi (2-5 yaş) ve
okul çağı (6-12 yaş) olarak 2 gruba ayrıldı ve grupların serum demir ve çinko
düzeyleri değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Demir
eksikliği anemisi olan gruplarda serum çinko düzeyleri, kontrol gruplarına göre
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde düşük bulundu (p<0.05). Yapılan
korelasyon analizinde serum çinko düzeyi ile hemoglobin düzeyi arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir korelasyon saptandı (p <0.05).

Sonuç:
Çalışma sonucunda elde
ettiğimiz veriler çinkonun anemi için bağımsız bir risk faktörü olduğu
yönündedir. Demir eksikliği anemisi olan çocuklarda demir tedavisine rağmen
düzelmeyen anemi varlığında çinko desteği düşünülmelidir.

Keywords

Çinko, Demir eksikliği anemisi, Nutrisyonel eksiklik

The evaluation of zinc levels of preschool and school-aged children with iron deficiency: A cross-sectional case-control study

Abstract

Abstract

Objective:  Iron and zinc deficiencies are
still the most common nutritional deficiencies in the world. Nowadays, these nutritional
deficiencies are a major problem not only for the developing countries but also
for the whole world. The aim of this study was to compare serum zinc levels in
children with iron deficiency in preschool and school-aged periods and to
evaluate their effects on erythrocyte index.

Material and Methods: The children, whose
serum zinc and iron levels were checked, were recruited from outpatient
pediatric hematology clinic at Gülhane Training and Research Hospital in the
period from January 2011 till August 2017. Participants were divided into 2
groups as preschool (2-5 years) and school-aged (6-12 years) periods and serum
iron and zinc levels were evaluated.

Results: Serum zinc levels were
significantly lower in the groups with iron deficiency anemia compared to the
control groups (p<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a statistically
significant and positive correlation between serum zinc and hemoglobin levels (p
<0.05).

Conclusion: The data obtained from the
study showed that serum zinc level is an independent risk factor for anemia. In
children with iron deficiency anemia, zinc supplementation should be considered
in the presence of anemia that does not improve despite the iron replacement.

Keywords

Zinc, Iron deficiency anemia, Nutritional deficiency

References

• 1. Bains K, Kaur H, Bajwa N, et al. Iron and zinc status of 6-month to 5-year-old children from low-income rural families of Punjab, India. Food Nutr Bull 2015;36:254–263.
• 2. Roba KT, O’Connor TP, Belachew T, et al. Concurrent iron and zinc deficiencies in lactating mothers and their children 6–23 months of age in two agro-ecological zones of rural Ethiopia. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:655-667.
• 3. Bjørklund G, Aaseth J, Skalny AV, et al. Interactions of iron with manganese, zinc, chromium, and selenium as related to prophylaxis and treatment of iron deficiency. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017;41:41–53.
• 4. Jin HJ, Lee JH, Kim MK. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in iron-deficient and normal children under the age of 24 months. Blood Res. 2013;48:40–45.
• 5. Hacibekiroglu T, Basturk A, Akinci S, et al. Evaluation of serum levels of zinc, copper, and Helicobacter pylori IgG and IgA in iron deficiency anemia cases. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015;19:4835–4840.
• 6. Kelkitli E, Ozturk N, Aslan NA, et al. Serum zinc levels in patients with iron deficiency anemia and its association with symptoms of iron deficiency anemia. Ann Hematol 2016;95:751–756.
• 7. Motadi SA, Mbhenyane XG, Mbhatsani HV, et al. Prevalence of iron and zinc deficiencies among preschool children ages 3 to 5y in Vhembe district, Limpopo province, South Africa. Nutrition 2015;31:452–458.
• 8. Siyame EW, Hurst R, Wawer AA, et al. A high prevalence of zinc- but not iron-deficiency among women in rural Malawi: a cross-sectional study. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2013;83:176–187.
• 9. Yoon JW, Kim SW, Yoo EG, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in children with iron deficiency anemia. Korean J Pediatr 2012;55:206–211.
• 10. Harika R, Faber M, Samuel F, et al. Micronutrient status and dietary intake of iron, Vitamin A, iodine, folate and zinc in women of reproductive age and pregnant women in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa: A systematic review of data from 2005 to 2015. Nutrients 2017;9:1096.
• 11. Fukunaka A, Fujitani Y. Role of zinc homeostasis in the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2018;19:476.
• 12. Anguita E, Candel FJ, Chaparro A, et al. Transcription Factor GFI1B in Health and Disease. Front Oncol 2017;7:54.
• 13. Besur S, Hou W, Schmeltzer P, et al. Clinically important features of porphyrin and heme metabolism and the porphyrias. Metabolites 2014;4:977–1006.
• 14. Salmonowicz B, Krzystek-Korpacka M, Noczyńska A. Trace Elements, Magnesium, and the Efficacy of Antioxidant Systems in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and in Their Siblings. Adv Clin Exp Med 2014;23:259–268.
• 15. Onukwuli VO, Ikefuna AN, Nwokocha AR. Relationship between Zinc Levels and Anthropometric Indices among School‑aged Female Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in Enugu, Nigeria. 2018;20:1461–1467.
• 16. Kapil U, Jain K. Magnitude of zinc deficiency amongst under five children in India. Indian J Pediatr 2011;78:1069–1072.
• 17. Abbaspour N, Wegmueller R, Kelishadi R, et al. Zinc status as compared to zinc intake and iron status: A case study of Iranian populations from Isfahan Province. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2013;83:335–345.
• 18. Arcagök B, Özdemir N, Yıldız İ, et al. Çocukluk çağında demir eksikliğinin kan çinko düzeyi ile ilişkisi. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2013;56:63–70.
• 19. Şahin Y, Şahin DA. Demir eksikliği anemisinde serum çinko düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Göztepe Tıp Dergisi 2007;22:53–57. 20. Van Wouwe JP, Waser I. Comparison between total and ultrafiltrable serum zinc as test to diagnose zinc deficiency in infants and children. Biol Trace Elem Res 1994;40:203–211.
• 21. Houghton LA, Parnell WR, Thomson CD, et al. Serum Zinc Is a Major Predictor of Anemia and Mediates the Effect of Selenium on Hemoglobin in School-Aged Children in a Nationally Representative Survey in New Zealand. J Nutr 2016;146:1670-1676.