Calculation of Effect Size in Single-Subject Experimental Studies: Examination of Non-Regression-Based Methods

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 30 - 48, 29.03.2019

Nihal Şen Sedat Şen

https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.419625

Cited By: 2

Öz

It is observed that
meta-analysis studies have not been included in single-subject experimental
studies as much as the experimental studies. In order to overcome this
deficiency in the literature, regression-based and non-regression-based indexes
that can be used as the effect size in single subject experimental studies have
been recently developed. Since most of the regression-based indexes are
affected by the serial dependency of single-subject experimental data,
non-regression-based indexes that were less affected by this dependency and
were preferred more than regression-based indexes were the main subject of this
study. Although there are many indexes that are not based on regression in
single-subject experimental studies, it is observed that most of the
researchers prefer the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) and percentage
of zero data (PZD). There are many controversies in the literature especially
on the use of the PND index. In the absence of a study describing the
alternative indexes of PND and PZD in Turkey literature, the examination of
non-regression-based indexes makes this study important. The aim of this study
is to examine the non-regression methods used to calculate the effect size in
single-subject experimental studies and to show how these methods will be
applied in single-subject experimental research. In this aim, how to prepare
the data, how to analyze it, how to synthesize it for more than one study and
how to interpret the results are discussed. In this study, suggestions were
made for the researchers based on 10 different indexes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Single-subject experimental research, meta-analysis, effect size, non-regression-based indexes

Tek Denekli Deneysel Çalışmalarda Etki Büyüklüğü Hesaplaması: Regresyona Dayalı Olmayan Yöntemlerin İncelenmesi

Öz

Tek
denekli deneysel çalışmalarda meta-analiz yöntemlerine grup desenli
çalışmalarda olduğu kadar yer verilmediği gözlenmektedir. Son yıllarda
alanyazındaki bu eksikliği gidermek amacıyla tek denekli deneysel çalışmalarda
etki büyüklüğü olarak kullanılabilecek regresyona dayalı olan ve regresyona
dayalı olmayan indeksler geliştirilmiştir. Regresyona dayalı olan indekslerin
çoğu tek denekli deneysel araştırma verilerindeki zamansal bağımlılıktan
etkilendiği için bu indekslerden daha az etkilenen ve alanyazında daha sıklıkla
tercih edilen regresyona dayalı olmayan indeksler bu çalışmanın ana konusu
olmuştur. Tek denekli deneysel çalışmalarda regresyona dayalı olmayan birçok
indeks üretilmiş olmasına rağmen araştırmacıların çoğunun örtüşmeyen veri
yüzdesi (ÖVY) ve sıfır veri yüzdesi (SVY) indekslerini tercih ettiği
gözlenmiştir. Alanyazında, özellikle ÖVY indeksinin kullanılmasına ilişkin çok
sayıda tartışma bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’deki alanyazında ÖVY ve SVY’ye
alternatif olarak üretilen indeksleri açıklayan mevcut bir çalışma olmaması
regresyona dayalı olmayan indekslerin incelendiği bu çalışmayı önemli
kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı tek denekli deneysel çalışmalarda etki
büyüklüğü hesaplamak için kullanılan regresyona dayalı olmayan yöntemlerin
incelenmesi ve bu yöntemlerin tek denekli deneysel araştırmalarda nasıl
uygulanacağının örnek veriler üzerinden gösterilmesidir. Bu amacı
gerçekleştirirken farklı yöntemlerin kullanımında verinin nasıl hazırlanacağı,
nasıl analiz edileceği, birden fazla çalışma için nasıl sentezleneceği ve elde
edilen sonuçların nasıl yorumlanacağından bahsedilmiştir. Bu çalışmada
incelenen 10 farklı indeks temelinde araştırmacılar için önerilerde
bulunulmuştur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tek denekli deneysel araştırmalar, etki büyüklüğü, regresyona dayalı olmayan indeksler, meta-analiz

Kaynakça

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