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Euthanasia Methods in Laboratory Animals

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 87 - 94, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.586565

Öz

Euthanasia is humanitarian end-of-life action without causing pain, fear and distress in animals. Laboratory animals are used in research to evaluate the potential impacts on health in products such as various chemicals, vaccines, medicines and food additives. One of the most comm on operations at the end of these investigations is euthanasia. The methods used for euthanasia of laboratory animals are divided into chemical and physical methods. In this review article; history, ethicalrelation, mode of action, removal of remains and methods of euthanasia in laboratory animals are inform.

Kaynakça

  • Arnold M, Langhans W, (2010). Effects of anesthesia and blood sampling techniques on plasma metabolites and cor-ticosterone in the rat. Physiol Behav. 99(5), 592-598.
  • Artwohl J, Brown P, Corning B, Stein S, (2006). Report of the ACLAM task force on rodent euthanasia. J Lab Anim Sci. 45(1), 98-105.
  • Baumans V, (2005). Science-based assessment of animal welfare: Laboratory Animals. Rev Sci Tech. 24(2), 503-514.
  • Brown MJ, Smiler K, (2001). Ethical Considerations and Regulatory Issues. Suckow AM, Stevens AK, Ronald P. eds. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster and Other Rodents. Academic Press, Cambridge. p. 3-11
  • Brunson DB, (1997). Pharmacology of inhalation anesthet-ics. Anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals 2, 83-93.
  • Charbonneau R, Niel L, Olfert E, Von Keyserlingk M, Griffin G, (2010). 7-26. CCAC guidelines on Euthanasia of ani-mals used in science. Canadian Council on Animal Care, Canada.
  • Close B, Banister K, Baumans V, Bernoth E-M, Bromage N, Bunyan J, Erhartdt W, Flecknell P, Gregory N, Hackbarth H, Morton D, Warwick C, (1996). ecommendations for euthanasia of experimental animals: Part 1. Lab Anim. 30(4), 293-316.
  • . Close B, Banister K, Baumans V, Bernoth E-M, Bromage N, Bunyan J, Erhartdt W, Flecknell P, Gregory N, Hackbarth H, Morton D, Warwick C, (1997). ecommendations for euthanasia of experimental animals: Part 2. Lab Anim. 31(1), 1-32.
  • Dolan K, (2007). Laboratory animal law: Legal control of the use of animals in research. 1-7. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
  • Flecknell P, Roughan J, Hedenqvist P, (1999). Induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane and isofluran e i n th e rabbit. Lab Anim. 33(1), 41-46.
  • Fraser D, Weary DM, Pajor EA, Milligan BN, (1997). A scientific conception of animal welfare that reflects ethical concerns. Anim Welf. 6, 187–205.
  • Melikoğlu Gölcü B, Aksoy A, (2017). Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’ de Deney Hayvanları Mevzuatına Genel Bir Bakış. Turkiye Klinikleri J Lab Anim. 1(1), 56-62.
  • Guedes SR, Valentim AM, Antunes LM, (2017). Mice aver-sion to sevoflurane, isoflurane and carbon dioxide using an approach-avoidance task. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 189, 91-7.
  • Hellebrekers LJ, Hedenqvist P, (2011). Laboratory Animal Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Euthanasia. Morton D, Hau J. ds. Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science Essential Principles and Practices. CRC Press, ABD, p. 485-534.
  • Jiménez-Coello M, Acosta-Viana KY, Ortega-Pacheco A, Guzmán-Marín E, (2011). Medical and Bioethical Issues in Laboratory Animal. Kure J. eds. Euthanasia-The” Good Death” Controversy in Humans and Animals. In Tech, Croatia. p. 191-219.
  • Voipio HM, Baneux P, Gomez de Segura IA, Hau J, Wolfensohn S, (2008). Guidelines for the veterinary care of laboratory animals: report of the FELASA/ECLAM/ESLAV Joint Working Group on Veterinary Care. Lab Anim. 42(1), 1-11.
  • . Keyvan E, (2010). Sığır karkaslarında post-mortem değişik-likler. Vet Hekim Der Derg. 81(2), 43-6.18. Kirkden RD, Niel L, Lee G, Makowska IJ, Pfaffinger MJ, Weary DM, (2008). The validity of using an ap-proach-avoidance test to measure the strength of aversion to carbon dioxide in rats. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 114(1), 216-34.
  • . Leach M, Bowell V, Allan T, Morton D, (2002). Degrees of aversion shown by rats and mice to different concentrations of inhalational anaesthetics. Vet Rec. 150(26), 808-15.20.
  • Leary SL, Underwood W, Anthony R, Gwaltney-Brant S, Poison A, Meyer R, (2013). AVMA guidelines for the eu-thanasia of animals. Illinois, Schaumburg.
  • Lord R, (1991). Humane killing. Nature, 350(6318), 456.
  • Lord R, (1989). Use of ethanol for euthanasia of mice. Aust Vet J. 66(8), 268.
  • . Meyer RE, Fish R, (2008). Pharmacology of injectable anes-thetics, sedatives, and tranquilizers. In: Fish R, Danneman P, Brown M, Karas A. eds. Anesthesia and analgesia of lab-oratory animals. 2 nd edition. San Diego. Academic Press. p. 27-83.
  • . Musthaq S, Daş YK, Aksoy A, (2018). Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 38 (2), 161-170.
  • . Olfert ED, Cross BM, McWilliam AA, (1993). Guide to-thecare and use of experimental animals. Olfert ED, Cross BM, McWilliam AA.eds. Euthanasia, Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa. p. 222-239.
  • Preckel B, Bolten J, (2005). Pharmacology of modern vol-atile anaesthetics. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 19(3), 331-48.
  • Raub JA, Mathieu-Nolf M, Hampson NB, Thom SR, (2000). Carbon monoxide poisoning—a public health per-spective. Toxicology, 145(1), 1-14.
  • Reilly J, (2001). Euthanasia of animals used for scientific purposes. 2 nd Edition, Adelaide, Anzccart, p. 6-60.
  • Richardson C, Leach M, Roughan J, (2018). eModule-Hu-mane Methods of Killing Laboratory Animals. Erişim adresi:https://flairelearning.com/course/humane-methods-of-killing-laboratory-animals/ErişimTarihi: 23.03.2018.
  • Schmid RD, Hodgson DS, McMurphy RM, (2008). Comparison of anesthetic induction in cats by use of iso-flurane in an anesthetic chamber with a conventional vapor or liquid injection technique. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 233(2), 262-266.
  • Stavinoha W, (1983). Study of brain neurochemistry uti-lizing rapid inactivation of brain enzyme activity by heat-ing with microwave irradiation. Blank CL, Stavinoha WB, Maruyama Y. eds. Microwave Fixation of Labile Metabolite, Pergamon Press, Oxford. p. 1-12.
  • Stokes WS, (2002). Humane endpoints for laboratory ani-mals used in regulatory testing. ILAR J. 43(1), 31-38.
  • Gagae-Iurascu M, Craig S, (2011). Euthanasia and Necropsy. Suckow AM, Stevens AK, Ronald P. eds. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster and Other Rodents. Academic Press, Cambridge. p. 117-136.
  • Vaupel D, McCoun D, Cone EJ, (1984). Phencyclidine an-alogs and precursors: rotarod and lethal dose studies in the mouse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 230(1), 20-7.
  • . Weiss J, Zimmermann F, (1999). Tribromoethanol (Avertin) as an anaesthetic in mice. Lab Anim. 33(2), 192-193.
  • Aksoy A, Nuhoğlu Z, (2018). Laboratuvar Hayvanlarında İlaç Uygulama. Yarsan E. eds. Veteriner Hekimliğinde İlaç Uygulama Yöntemleri. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, Ankara. p. 183-204.
  • Wolfensohn S, (2010). Euthanasia and other fates for labo-ratory animals. Hubrecht RC, Kirkwood J. eds. The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory and Other Research Animals. Wiley-Blackwell, ABD. p. 219-226.
  • Wong D, Makowska IJ, Weary DM, (2013). Rat aversion to isoflurane versus carbon dioxide. Biol Lett. 9(1), 20121000.
  • Zatroch KK, Knight CG, Reimer JN, Pang DS, (2017). Refinement of intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobar-bital for euthanasia in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). BMC Vet Res, 13(1), 60.

Laboratuvar Hayvanlarında Ötenazi Yöntemleri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 87 - 94, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.586565

Öz

Ötenazi; hayvanlarda acı, korku ve sıkıntıya sebep olmadan, insancıl bir şekilde hayatı sonlandırma eylemidir. 
Laboratuvar hayvanları, çeşitli kimyasal, aşı, ilaç ve gıda katkı maddeleri gibi ürünlerin sağlık üzerindeki potansiyel 
etkilerini  değerlendirmek  için  yapılan  araştırmalarda  kullanılmaktadır.  Bu  araştırmaların  sonunda  en  çok  uygulanan 
işlemlerden biri de ötenazidir. Laboratuvar hayvanlarının ötenazisinde kullanılan yöntemler kimyasal ve fiziksel olmak 
üzere ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Bu derlemede, laboratuvar hayvanlarında uygulanan ötenazinin tarihçesi, etik ilişkisi, etki 
mekanizması, kalıntıların ortadan kaldırılması ve yöntemleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Arnold M, Langhans W, (2010). Effects of anesthesia and blood sampling techniques on plasma metabolites and cor-ticosterone in the rat. Physiol Behav. 99(5), 592-598.
  • Artwohl J, Brown P, Corning B, Stein S, (2006). Report of the ACLAM task force on rodent euthanasia. J Lab Anim Sci. 45(1), 98-105.
  • Baumans V, (2005). Science-based assessment of animal welfare: Laboratory Animals. Rev Sci Tech. 24(2), 503-514.
  • Brown MJ, Smiler K, (2001). Ethical Considerations and Regulatory Issues. Suckow AM, Stevens AK, Ronald P. eds. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster and Other Rodents. Academic Press, Cambridge. p. 3-11
  • Brunson DB, (1997). Pharmacology of inhalation anesthet-ics. Anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals 2, 83-93.
  • Charbonneau R, Niel L, Olfert E, Von Keyserlingk M, Griffin G, (2010). 7-26. CCAC guidelines on Euthanasia of ani-mals used in science. Canadian Council on Animal Care, Canada.
  • Close B, Banister K, Baumans V, Bernoth E-M, Bromage N, Bunyan J, Erhartdt W, Flecknell P, Gregory N, Hackbarth H, Morton D, Warwick C, (1996). ecommendations for euthanasia of experimental animals: Part 1. Lab Anim. 30(4), 293-316.
  • . Close B, Banister K, Baumans V, Bernoth E-M, Bromage N, Bunyan J, Erhartdt W, Flecknell P, Gregory N, Hackbarth H, Morton D, Warwick C, (1997). ecommendations for euthanasia of experimental animals: Part 2. Lab Anim. 31(1), 1-32.
  • Dolan K, (2007). Laboratory animal law: Legal control of the use of animals in research. 1-7. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
  • Flecknell P, Roughan J, Hedenqvist P, (1999). Induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane and isofluran e i n th e rabbit. Lab Anim. 33(1), 41-46.
  • Fraser D, Weary DM, Pajor EA, Milligan BN, (1997). A scientific conception of animal welfare that reflects ethical concerns. Anim Welf. 6, 187–205.
  • Melikoğlu Gölcü B, Aksoy A, (2017). Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’ de Deney Hayvanları Mevzuatına Genel Bir Bakış. Turkiye Klinikleri J Lab Anim. 1(1), 56-62.
  • Guedes SR, Valentim AM, Antunes LM, (2017). Mice aver-sion to sevoflurane, isoflurane and carbon dioxide using an approach-avoidance task. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 189, 91-7.
  • Hellebrekers LJ, Hedenqvist P, (2011). Laboratory Animal Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Euthanasia. Morton D, Hau J. ds. Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science Essential Principles and Practices. CRC Press, ABD, p. 485-534.
  • Jiménez-Coello M, Acosta-Viana KY, Ortega-Pacheco A, Guzmán-Marín E, (2011). Medical and Bioethical Issues in Laboratory Animal. Kure J. eds. Euthanasia-The” Good Death” Controversy in Humans and Animals. In Tech, Croatia. p. 191-219.
  • Voipio HM, Baneux P, Gomez de Segura IA, Hau J, Wolfensohn S, (2008). Guidelines for the veterinary care of laboratory animals: report of the FELASA/ECLAM/ESLAV Joint Working Group on Veterinary Care. Lab Anim. 42(1), 1-11.
  • . Keyvan E, (2010). Sığır karkaslarında post-mortem değişik-likler. Vet Hekim Der Derg. 81(2), 43-6.18. Kirkden RD, Niel L, Lee G, Makowska IJ, Pfaffinger MJ, Weary DM, (2008). The validity of using an ap-proach-avoidance test to measure the strength of aversion to carbon dioxide in rats. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 114(1), 216-34.
  • . Leach M, Bowell V, Allan T, Morton D, (2002). Degrees of aversion shown by rats and mice to different concentrations of inhalational anaesthetics. Vet Rec. 150(26), 808-15.20.
  • Leary SL, Underwood W, Anthony R, Gwaltney-Brant S, Poison A, Meyer R, (2013). AVMA guidelines for the eu-thanasia of animals. Illinois, Schaumburg.
  • Lord R, (1991). Humane killing. Nature, 350(6318), 456.
  • Lord R, (1989). Use of ethanol for euthanasia of mice. Aust Vet J. 66(8), 268.
  • . Meyer RE, Fish R, (2008). Pharmacology of injectable anes-thetics, sedatives, and tranquilizers. In: Fish R, Danneman P, Brown M, Karas A. eds. Anesthesia and analgesia of lab-oratory animals. 2 nd edition. San Diego. Academic Press. p. 27-83.
  • . Musthaq S, Daş YK, Aksoy A, (2018). Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 38 (2), 161-170.
  • . Olfert ED, Cross BM, McWilliam AA, (1993). Guide to-thecare and use of experimental animals. Olfert ED, Cross BM, McWilliam AA.eds. Euthanasia, Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa. p. 222-239.
  • Preckel B, Bolten J, (2005). Pharmacology of modern vol-atile anaesthetics. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 19(3), 331-48.
  • Raub JA, Mathieu-Nolf M, Hampson NB, Thom SR, (2000). Carbon monoxide poisoning—a public health per-spective. Toxicology, 145(1), 1-14.
  • Reilly J, (2001). Euthanasia of animals used for scientific purposes. 2 nd Edition, Adelaide, Anzccart, p. 6-60.
  • Richardson C, Leach M, Roughan J, (2018). eModule-Hu-mane Methods of Killing Laboratory Animals. Erişim adresi:https://flairelearning.com/course/humane-methods-of-killing-laboratory-animals/ErişimTarihi: 23.03.2018.
  • Schmid RD, Hodgson DS, McMurphy RM, (2008). Comparison of anesthetic induction in cats by use of iso-flurane in an anesthetic chamber with a conventional vapor or liquid injection technique. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 233(2), 262-266.
  • Stavinoha W, (1983). Study of brain neurochemistry uti-lizing rapid inactivation of brain enzyme activity by heat-ing with microwave irradiation. Blank CL, Stavinoha WB, Maruyama Y. eds. Microwave Fixation of Labile Metabolite, Pergamon Press, Oxford. p. 1-12.
  • Stokes WS, (2002). Humane endpoints for laboratory ani-mals used in regulatory testing. ILAR J. 43(1), 31-38.
  • Gagae-Iurascu M, Craig S, (2011). Euthanasia and Necropsy. Suckow AM, Stevens AK, Ronald P. eds. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster and Other Rodents. Academic Press, Cambridge. p. 117-136.
  • Vaupel D, McCoun D, Cone EJ, (1984). Phencyclidine an-alogs and precursors: rotarod and lethal dose studies in the mouse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 230(1), 20-7.
  • . Weiss J, Zimmermann F, (1999). Tribromoethanol (Avertin) as an anaesthetic in mice. Lab Anim. 33(2), 192-193.
  • Aksoy A, Nuhoğlu Z, (2018). Laboratuvar Hayvanlarında İlaç Uygulama. Yarsan E. eds. Veteriner Hekimliğinde İlaç Uygulama Yöntemleri. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, Ankara. p. 183-204.
  • Wolfensohn S, (2010). Euthanasia and other fates for labo-ratory animals. Hubrecht RC, Kirkwood J. eds. The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory and Other Research Animals. Wiley-Blackwell, ABD. p. 219-226.
  • Wong D, Makowska IJ, Weary DM, (2013). Rat aversion to isoflurane versus carbon dioxide. Biol Lett. 9(1), 20121000.
  • Zatroch KK, Knight CG, Reimer JN, Pang DS, (2017). Refinement of intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobar-bital for euthanasia in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). BMC Vet Res, 13(1), 60.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Veteriner Bilimleri
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Sedat Gökmen Bu kişi benim

Aylin Pehlivan Bu kişi benim

Abdurrahman Aksoy Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9486-312X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gökmen, S., Pehlivan, A., & Aksoy, A. (2019). Laboratuvar Hayvanlarında Ötenazi Yöntemleri. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 30(1), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.586565


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