Araştırma Makalesi
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Yarı-nemli koşullarda yetişen bir Anadolu karaçamının yıllık su tüketimi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 68 Sayı: 2, 101 - 105, 20.07.2018

Öz

DOI: 10.26650/ forestist.2018.344844


Bu çalışmanın amacı İstanbul Belgrad
Ormanı’nda yetişen bir Anadolu karaçamının [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana
(Lamb.) Holmboe] yıllık su tüketimini ortaya koymaktır. Örnek ağaç 56 yaşında,
17 metre (m) yüksekliğinde olup göğüs yüksekliğindeki çapı 40 santimetre
(cm)’dir. Çalışma 1 Ocak 2016 ile 1 Ocak 2017 tarihleri arasını kapsamaktadır.
Çalışma süresi boyunca yağış 1083 milimetre (mm), en düşük sıcaklık -11˚C ve en
yüksek sıcaklık 32˚C olarak kaydedilmiştir. Ağacın su tüketimi ölçümleri
gövde/doku ısı dengesi yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, örnek
ağacın günlük ortalama su tüketimi 27,06 kilogram (kg) olup günlük tüketim
0,007 kg ile 71,54 kg arasında değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu ağacın yıllık
toplam su tüketimi 9851 kg’dır. Aylara göre bakıldığında ise en yüksek günlük
ortalama tüketim 59 kg ile Temmuz ayında, en düşük günlük ortalama tüketim ise
3,37 kg ile Ocak ayında gerçekleşmiştir. Elde edilen bu veriler ormanlık
havzaların yalnızca su kalitesi anlamında değil su üretimi anlamında da verimli
yönetilebilmesi için yol gösterici olarak alınabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Cermak, J., Deml, M., Penka, M., 1973. A new method of sap flow rate determination in trees. Biologia Plantarum 15(3): 171-178.
  • Cermak, J., Ukehla, J., Kucera, J., Penka, M., 1982. Sap flow rate and transpiration dynamics in the full-grown oak (Quercus robur L.) in the floodplain forest exposed to seasonal floods as related to potential evapotranspiration and tree dimensions. Biologia Plantarum 24(6): 446-460.
  • Cermak, J., Kucera, J., Nadezhdina, N., 2004. Sap flow measurements with some thermodynamic methods, flow integration within trees and scaling up from sample trees to entire forest stands. Trees 18: 529-546.
  • Cienciala, E., Mellander, P.E., Kucera, J., Oplustilova, M., Ottoson-Löfvenius, M., Bishop, K., 2002. The effect of a north-facing forest edge on tree water use in a boreal Scots pine stand. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32: 693-702.
  • DSI, 2016. Devlet Su İşleri. Toprak ve su kaynakları. http://www.dsi.gov.tr/toprak-ve-su-kaynaklari (acessed: 04.01.2017). Grainer, A., Bobay, V., Gash, J.H.C., Saugier, B., Shuttleworth, W.J., 1990. Vapour flux density and transpiration rate comparisons in stand of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in Les Landes forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 51: 309-319.
  • Jackson, D.S., Gifford, H.H., Hobbs, I.W., 1972. Daily transpiration rates of radiate pine. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 3(1): 70-81.
  • Jordan, C.F., Kline, J.R., 1977. Transpiration of trees in a tropical rainforest. Journal of Applied Ecology 14: 853-860.
  • Karadağ, M., 1999. Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde Karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. Pallasiana (lamb) Holmboe), Doğal Gençleştirme Koşulları Üzerine Araştırmalar, Orman Bakanlığı Batı Akdeniz Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Teknik Bülten No:4, Orman Bakanlığı Yayın No: 067, Müdürlük Yayın No:6, Bolu, Türkiye.
  • Köstner, B., Biron, P., Siegwolf, R,, Grainer, A., 1996. Estimates of water vapor flux and canopy conductance of Scots pine at the tree level utilizing different xylem sap flow methods. Theorotical and Applied Climatology 53: 105-113.
  • Kucera, J., Cermak, J., Penka, M., 1977. Improved thermal method of continual recording the transpiration flow rate dynamics. Biologia Plantarum 19: 413-420.
  • Lagergren, F., Lindroth, A., 2002. Transpiration response to soil moisture in pine and spruce trees in Sweden. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 112: 67-85
  • Loustau, D., Berbigier, P., Roumagnae, P., Arruda-Pacheco, C., David, J.S., Ferreira, M.I., Pereira, J.S., Tavares, R., 1996. Transpiration of a 64-year-old maritime pine stand in Portugal. Oecologia 107: 33-42.
  • Luis, V.C., Jimenez, M.S., Morales, D., Kucera, J., Weiser, G., 2005. Canopy transpiration of a Canary Islands pine forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 135: 117-123.
  • Martin, T.A., 2000. Winter season tree sap flow and stand transpiration in an intensively-managed loblolly and slash pine plantation. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 10(1-2): 155-163.
  • Moore, G.W., Bond, B.J., Jones, J.A., Phillips, N, Meinzer, F., 2004. Structural and compositional controls on transpiration in 40-and 450-year-old riparian forests in western Oregon, USA. Tree Physiolology 24: 481-491.
  • Özçelik, M.S., Şengönül, K., Gökbulak, F., 2016. Sap flow measurement methods for determining transpiration of forest trees and its importance for watershed management. Turkish Journal of Forestry 17(2): 208-214.
  • Özhan, S., 1982. Belgrad Ormanındaki Bazı Meşcerelerde Evapotranspirasyonun Deneysel Olarak Saptanması ve Sonuçların Ampirik Modellerle Karşılaştırılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 311, İstanbul, Turkiye.
  • Poyatos, R., Llorens, P., Gallart, F., 2005. Transpiration of montane Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus pubescens Willd. forest stands measured with sap flow sensors in NE Spain. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 9: 493-505.
  • Renninger, H.J., Schafer, K.V.R., 2012. Comparison of tissue heat balance and thermal dissipation derived sap flow measurements in ring porous oak and a pine. Frontiers in Plant Science 3: 103.
  • Ryan, M.G., Bond, B.J., Law, B.E., Hubbard, R.M., Woodruff, D., Cienciala, E., Kucera, J., 2000. Transpiration and whole-tree conductance in ponderosa pine trees of different heights. Oecologia 124: 553-560.
  • Serengil, Y., Gökbulak, F., Özhan, S., Hızal, A., Şengönül, K., 2007. Alteration of stream nutrient discharge with increased sedimentation due to thinning of a deciduous forest in İstanbul. Forest Ecology and Management 246: 264-272.
  • Small, E.E., McConell, J.R., 2008. Comparison of soil moisture and meteorological control on pine and spruce transpiration. Ecohydrology 1: 205-214.
  • Tor-ngern, P., Oren, R., Oishi, A.C., Uebelherr, J.M., Palmroth, S., Tarvainen, L., Ottoson-Löfvenius, M., Linder, S., Domec, J.C., Nasholm, T., 2017. Ecophysiological variation of transpiration of pine forests: synthesis of new and published results. Ecological Applications 27(1): 118-133.
  • TUIK., 2016. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Nüfus projeksiyonları, 2013-2075.
  • Wang, K., Kellomaki, S., Zha, T., Peltola, H. 2005. Annual and seasonal variation of sap flow and conductance of pine trees grown in elevated carbon dioxide and temperature. Journal of Experimental Botany 56(409): 155-165.
  • Wieser, G., Leo, M., Oberhuber, W., 2014. Transpiration and canopy conductance in an inner alpine Scots pine (Pinus sylverstris L.) forest. Flora 209: 49-498
  • Wullschleger, S.D., Meinzer, F.C., Vertessy, R.A., 1998. A review of whole plant water use studies in trees. Tree Physiology 18: 499-512.

Annual water consumption of an Anatolian black pine in a sub-humid region

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 68 Sayı: 2, 101 - 105, 20.07.2018

Öz

DOI: 10.26650/ forestist.2018.344844

The primary aim of this study was to
investigate the annual water consumption of an individual Anatolian black pine
[Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] growing in Belgrad Forest,
İstanbul. The sample tree was 56 years old, measuring a height of 17 m and a
diameter at breast height of 40 cm. The study was conducted over a period of 1
year from January 1, 2016, to January 1, 2017. The minimum and maximum air
temperatures were −11°C and 32°C, respectively. The precipitation during this
period was recorded as 1,083 mm. Tree water consumption measurements were
carried out using the tissue heat balance method. Results showed that water
uptake of the tree varied between 0.007 and 71.54 kg day−1, while the average
daily and annual water consumptions of the tree were about 27.06 and 9,851 kg,
respectively. The daily water consumption varied between 59 kg in July and 3.37
kg in January. These values can be considered as guidance for an effective
management of forested watersheds in terms of both water quality and water
production.

Kaynakça

  • Cermak, J., Deml, M., Penka, M., 1973. A new method of sap flow rate determination in trees. Biologia Plantarum 15(3): 171-178.
  • Cermak, J., Ukehla, J., Kucera, J., Penka, M., 1982. Sap flow rate and transpiration dynamics in the full-grown oak (Quercus robur L.) in the floodplain forest exposed to seasonal floods as related to potential evapotranspiration and tree dimensions. Biologia Plantarum 24(6): 446-460.
  • Cermak, J., Kucera, J., Nadezhdina, N., 2004. Sap flow measurements with some thermodynamic methods, flow integration within trees and scaling up from sample trees to entire forest stands. Trees 18: 529-546.
  • Cienciala, E., Mellander, P.E., Kucera, J., Oplustilova, M., Ottoson-Löfvenius, M., Bishop, K., 2002. The effect of a north-facing forest edge on tree water use in a boreal Scots pine stand. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32: 693-702.
  • DSI, 2016. Devlet Su İşleri. Toprak ve su kaynakları. http://www.dsi.gov.tr/toprak-ve-su-kaynaklari (acessed: 04.01.2017). Grainer, A., Bobay, V., Gash, J.H.C., Saugier, B., Shuttleworth, W.J., 1990. Vapour flux density and transpiration rate comparisons in stand of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in Les Landes forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 51: 309-319.
  • Jackson, D.S., Gifford, H.H., Hobbs, I.W., 1972. Daily transpiration rates of radiate pine. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 3(1): 70-81.
  • Jordan, C.F., Kline, J.R., 1977. Transpiration of trees in a tropical rainforest. Journal of Applied Ecology 14: 853-860.
  • Karadağ, M., 1999. Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde Karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. Pallasiana (lamb) Holmboe), Doğal Gençleştirme Koşulları Üzerine Araştırmalar, Orman Bakanlığı Batı Akdeniz Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Teknik Bülten No:4, Orman Bakanlığı Yayın No: 067, Müdürlük Yayın No:6, Bolu, Türkiye.
  • Köstner, B., Biron, P., Siegwolf, R,, Grainer, A., 1996. Estimates of water vapor flux and canopy conductance of Scots pine at the tree level utilizing different xylem sap flow methods. Theorotical and Applied Climatology 53: 105-113.
  • Kucera, J., Cermak, J., Penka, M., 1977. Improved thermal method of continual recording the transpiration flow rate dynamics. Biologia Plantarum 19: 413-420.
  • Lagergren, F., Lindroth, A., 2002. Transpiration response to soil moisture in pine and spruce trees in Sweden. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 112: 67-85
  • Loustau, D., Berbigier, P., Roumagnae, P., Arruda-Pacheco, C., David, J.S., Ferreira, M.I., Pereira, J.S., Tavares, R., 1996. Transpiration of a 64-year-old maritime pine stand in Portugal. Oecologia 107: 33-42.
  • Luis, V.C., Jimenez, M.S., Morales, D., Kucera, J., Weiser, G., 2005. Canopy transpiration of a Canary Islands pine forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 135: 117-123.
  • Martin, T.A., 2000. Winter season tree sap flow and stand transpiration in an intensively-managed loblolly and slash pine plantation. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 10(1-2): 155-163.
  • Moore, G.W., Bond, B.J., Jones, J.A., Phillips, N, Meinzer, F., 2004. Structural and compositional controls on transpiration in 40-and 450-year-old riparian forests in western Oregon, USA. Tree Physiolology 24: 481-491.
  • Özçelik, M.S., Şengönül, K., Gökbulak, F., 2016. Sap flow measurement methods for determining transpiration of forest trees and its importance for watershed management. Turkish Journal of Forestry 17(2): 208-214.
  • Özhan, S., 1982. Belgrad Ormanındaki Bazı Meşcerelerde Evapotranspirasyonun Deneysel Olarak Saptanması ve Sonuçların Ampirik Modellerle Karşılaştırılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 311, İstanbul, Turkiye.
  • Poyatos, R., Llorens, P., Gallart, F., 2005. Transpiration of montane Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus pubescens Willd. forest stands measured with sap flow sensors in NE Spain. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 9: 493-505.
  • Renninger, H.J., Schafer, K.V.R., 2012. Comparison of tissue heat balance and thermal dissipation derived sap flow measurements in ring porous oak and a pine. Frontiers in Plant Science 3: 103.
  • Ryan, M.G., Bond, B.J., Law, B.E., Hubbard, R.M., Woodruff, D., Cienciala, E., Kucera, J., 2000. Transpiration and whole-tree conductance in ponderosa pine trees of different heights. Oecologia 124: 553-560.
  • Serengil, Y., Gökbulak, F., Özhan, S., Hızal, A., Şengönül, K., 2007. Alteration of stream nutrient discharge with increased sedimentation due to thinning of a deciduous forest in İstanbul. Forest Ecology and Management 246: 264-272.
  • Small, E.E., McConell, J.R., 2008. Comparison of soil moisture and meteorological control on pine and spruce transpiration. Ecohydrology 1: 205-214.
  • Tor-ngern, P., Oren, R., Oishi, A.C., Uebelherr, J.M., Palmroth, S., Tarvainen, L., Ottoson-Löfvenius, M., Linder, S., Domec, J.C., Nasholm, T., 2017. Ecophysiological variation of transpiration of pine forests: synthesis of new and published results. Ecological Applications 27(1): 118-133.
  • TUIK., 2016. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Nüfus projeksiyonları, 2013-2075.
  • Wang, K., Kellomaki, S., Zha, T., Peltola, H. 2005. Annual and seasonal variation of sap flow and conductance of pine trees grown in elevated carbon dioxide and temperature. Journal of Experimental Botany 56(409): 155-165.
  • Wieser, G., Leo, M., Oberhuber, W., 2014. Transpiration and canopy conductance in an inner alpine Scots pine (Pinus sylverstris L.) forest. Flora 209: 49-498
  • Wullschleger, S.D., Meinzer, F.C., Vertessy, R.A., 1998. A review of whole plant water use studies in trees. Tree Physiology 18: 499-512.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Said Özçelik

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Temmuz 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 68 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özçelik, M. S. (2018). Annual water consumption of an Anatolian black pine in a sub-humid region. Forestist, 68(2), 101-105.
AMA Özçelik MS. Annual water consumption of an Anatolian black pine in a sub-humid region. FORESTIST. Temmuz 2018;68(2):101-105.
Chicago Özçelik, Mehmet Said. “Annual Water Consumption of an Anatolian Black Pine in a Sub-Humid Region”. Forestist 68, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2018): 101-5.
EndNote Özçelik MS (01 Temmuz 2018) Annual water consumption of an Anatolian black pine in a sub-humid region. Forestist 68 2 101–105.
IEEE M. S. Özçelik, “Annual water consumption of an Anatolian black pine in a sub-humid region”, FORESTIST, c. 68, sy. 2, ss. 101–105, 2018.
ISNAD Özçelik, Mehmet Said. “Annual Water Consumption of an Anatolian Black Pine in a Sub-Humid Region”. Forestist 68/2 (Temmuz 2018), 101-105.
JAMA Özçelik MS. Annual water consumption of an Anatolian black pine in a sub-humid region. FORESTIST. 2018;68:101–105.
MLA Özçelik, Mehmet Said. “Annual Water Consumption of an Anatolian Black Pine in a Sub-Humid Region”. Forestist, c. 68, sy. 2, 2018, ss. 101-5.
Vancouver Özçelik MS. Annual water consumption of an Anatolian black pine in a sub-humid region. FORESTIST. 2018;68(2):101-5.