Araştırma Makalesi
An Example of Soft Sediment Deformation Structures Developed in Marine Environments; Slumps, Kırkgeçit Formation, NW Baskil, Elazığ
Öz
The Elazığ basin located in the Eastern Toros is one of the basins developed during the closure of the southern branch of Neotethys. Kırkgeçit Formation is generally composed of calcarenite (bioclastic-lithoclastic packstonewackestone), carbonate mudstone, algal-coral packstone facies in the study area located to the northwest of Baskil district of Elazığ province. These facies represent low-slope and knoll reefs developed on the slope. Slumps at 6 locations are defined within low slope facies. These structures show continuity up to 5 km. Both extension (normal faults) and compression (reverse faults) were defined in relation to slump structures. The normal faults identified on the meter-decimeter scale are observed at theupper part of the slope, while the reverse faults locally represent the toe portion of the slope. The direction of movement obtained from slump structures is on the average south-south east. This direction is compatible with the direction of sea deepening. The deformation mechanism constituting the mentioned structures is related to the plastic behavior of the sediment developed due to temporary and great decreases in the strength of the sediment. Kırkgeçit Formation is a unit where marine sediments developed due to a back-arc extensive regime behind a subduction-zone (Arabian plate, subduction under the Eurasian plate). Therefore, seismic activities resulting from tectonic and tectonism are important trigger mechanisms in the formation of soft sediment deformation structures. It has been determined that seismic activity of at least 6 or greater may have been formed in the evaluation of the data.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Slumps soft sediment deformation structures Kırkgeçit Formation Elazığ
Kaynakça
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Elazığ yakın kuzeybatısında stratigrafik ve mikropaleontolojik araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, F.Ü. Fen Bil. Enst. Elazığ, 1983. [7] Turan M. Baskil Aydınlar (Elazığ) Yöresinin stratigrafisi ve tektoniği. Doktora Tezi (Yayımlanmamış), F.Ü Fen Bil. Enst., Elazığ, 1984. [8] Sungurlu O, Perinçek D, Kut G, Tuna E, Dülger S, Çelikdemir E, Naz H, Elazığ-Hazar-Palu alanının jeolojisi. Petrol İşleri Gen. Müd. Derg. 1985; 29, 83-191. [9] Özkul M, Üşenmez Ş. Elazığ kuzeydoğusunda derin deniz konglomeralarının sedimantolojik incelenmesi. G.Ü. Müh. Mim. Fak. Derg. 1986; 1-2, 53-57. [10] Tatar Y. Elazığ bölgesinin genel tektonik yapıları ve Landsat fotoğratları üzerinde yapılan bazı gözlemler. Yerbilimleri 1987; 14, 295–308. [11] Akpınar C. Çatalharman-Çömlek-Kutoğlu (Elazığ KD’su) yöresinin sedimantolojik incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, F. Ü. Fen Bil. Enst. Elazığ, 1988. [12] Özkul M. Elazığ batısında Kırkgeçit Formasyonu üzerinde sedimantolojik incelemeler. Doktora tezi (Yayımlanmamış), F.Ü. 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Denizel Ortamlarda Oluşan Yumuşak Çökel Deformasyon Yapılarına Bir Örnek; KaymaOturma Yapıları, Kırkgeçit Formasyonu, KB Baskil, Elazığ
Öz
Doğu Toroslarda yer alan Elazığ Tersiyer havzası
Neotetis’in güney kolunun kapanması sırasında gelişen havzalardan biridir. Bu
havzada gelişen Kırkgeçit Formasyonu’nun (Orta Eosen-Oligosen yaşlı) Elazığ ili
Baskil ilçesinin kuzey batısındaki yüzlekleri genel olarak kalkarenit
(Biyoklastik-litoklastik istiftaşı-vaketaşı), karbonat çamurtaşı ve algli-mercanlı istiftaşı fasiyeslerinden
oluşmaktadır. Bu fasiyesler düşük eğimli yamaç veüzerinde gelişmiş tepecik
resiflerini temsil etmektedir. Bu düşük
eğimli yamaç fasiyesleri içerisinde 6 lokasyonda kayma-oturma yapıları
tanımlanmıştır. Bu yapılar yaklaşık 5 km kadar devamlılık göstermektedir. Bu
çalışmada kayma–oturma yapıları ile ilişkili olarak hem genişlemeli (normal
faylar) hem de sıkışmalı (ters faylar)
yapılar tanımlanmıştır. Metre-desimetre ölçeğinde tanımlanan normal faylar
yamacın üst kısmında gözlenirken ters faylar lokal olarak yamacın etek kısmında
gelişmiştir. Kayma-oturma yapılarından elde edilen veriler kayma hareketinin genellikle
güney-güney doğuya doğru geliştiğini göstermektedir. Bu hareket yönü denizin
derinleşme yönüne uyumluluk göstermektedir. Söz konusu yapıları oluşturan deformasyon
mekanizması sedimentin dayanımındaki geçici ve büyük azalmalar nedeniyle gelişen
plastik davranış ile ilişkilidir. Kırkgeçit Formasyonu genişlemeli yay-gerisi
bir havzada oluşmuştur. Dolayısıyla havzayı etkileyen tektonizmaya bağlı sismik
aktiviteler yumuşak çökel deformasyon yapılarının oluşumunda önemli tetikleyici
mekanizmayı oluşturmuştur. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucu bölgede en az 6
veya daha büyük sismik aktivitelerin oluşmuş olabileceği belirlenmiştir
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kayma-oturma yapıları Yumuşak çökel deformasyon yapıları Kırkgeçit Formasyonu Elazığ
Kaynakça
- [1] Yazgan E. Geodyamic evolution of the Eastern Taurus region. In: Tekeli, O. and Göncüoğlu, M.C., eds.,Geolgy of the Taurus Belt. Ankara 1984; 199-208. [2] Aktaş E, Robertson A. H. F. The Maden Complex, SE Turkey: Evolution of the Neotethyan Continental Active Margin. In: Dixon, J.E and Robertson, A.H.F.(eds). Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean, The Special Publication of Geological Society, Blackwell Scientific Publication, Edinburg 1984; 375-402. [3] Perinçek D. Palu-Karabegan-Elazıg-Sivrice-Malatya alanının jeolojisi ve petrol imkanları. TPAO Arsivi Raporu no:1361 (Yayınlanmamıs) Ankara 1979. [4] Bingöl A.F. Geology of the Elazığ area in the Eastern Taurus region. International Sympozium on the geology of the Taurus Belt, O.Tekeli and M.C. Göncüoğlu (eds) Proceedings, Ankara 1984; 209-216. [5] Özkul M. Güneyçayırı (Elazığ) bölgesinin sedimantolojisi. Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Elazığ 1982. [6] Avşar N. 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Fen Bil. Enst. Elazığ, 1988. [13] İnceöz M. Harput (Elazığ) yakın kuzeyi ve doğusunun jeolojik özellikleri, Doktora tezi (yayımlanmamış). F.Ü. Fen Bil. Enst. Elazığ, 1994. [14] Turan M, Aksoy E, Bingöl AF. Doğu Torosların Jeodinamik Evriminin Elazığ Civarındaki Özellikleri. F.Ü. Fen ve Müh. Bil. Der. 1995; 7,2, 177-199. [15] Aksoy E, Turan M, Türkmen İ, Özkul M. Elazığ Havzasının Tersiyer'deki Evrimi. KTÜ Jeoloji Müh. Bölümü 30. Yıl Sempozyumu Bildirileri, 16-20 Ekim 1995, Trabzon. 293-310. [16] Özkul M, Kerey E. Şelf, derin-deniz kompleksinde fasiyes analizleri: Kırkgeçit Formasyonu (Orta Eosen-Oligosen) Baskil, Elazığ. Turk. J. Earth Sci. 1996; 5, 57-70. [17] Türkmen İ, Esen N. Şelf, kanyon ve havza düzlüğü kompleksinin fasiyes özellikleri: Kırkgeçit Formasyonu (Orta Eosen-Oligosen), Elazığ çevresi, Türkiye. Fırat Üniv. Fen ve Müh.Bil.Der. 1997; 9 (2), 107-123. [18] Cronin BT, Hartley AJ, Çelik H, Hurst A, Türkmen İ, Kerey IE. 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Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | MBD |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Mart 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 21 Haziran 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 1 |
