Allium cepa L.’ da Krom (K2Cr2O7)’un Toksik Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 146 - 158, 15.12.2018

Nurşah Ocak Gürel Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu Emine Yalçın

Öz

Bu
çalışmada, farklı dozlarda Krom ağır metalinin (K₂Cr₂O₇)
Allium cepa L.’de fizyolojik,
sitogenetik ve anatomik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Fizyolojik parametre olarak
çimlenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu ve ağırlık artışı; sitogenetik parametre olarak
mikronukleus (MN) sıklığı, kromozomal aberasyonlar ve mitotik indeks (MI)
araştırılmıştır.  K₂Cr₂O₇
uygulaması ile çimlenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu, ağırlık artışı ve MI oranlarının
azaldığı, MN sıklığı ve kromozomal hasarların ise arttığı belirlenmiştir. En
belirgin toksik etki ise 12.5 mg/L K₂Cr₂O₇
uygulanan grupta gözlenmiştir. Mikroskobik incelemeler neticesinde K₂Cr₂O₇’nin
teşvik ettiği kromozomal hasarlar; kromatinin eşit olmayan dağılımı, fragment,
yapışkan kromozom, kromozom köprüsü, c-mitoz, ters kutuplaşma olarak
belirlenmiştir. K₂Cr₂O₇ uygulamasının
kromozomal hasarlar içerisinde en büyük etkinin fragment oluşumu üzerine olduğu
tespit edilirken, en az oranda gözlenen kromozom hasarının ise ters kutuplaşma
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca K₂Cr₂O₇
uygulaması kök ucu meristematik hücrelerinde yassılaşmış hücre çekirdeği,
korteks hücre çeperinde kalınlaşma, hücre deformasyonu ve nekroz şeklinde
anatomik hasarlara neden olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, K₂Cr₂O₇’nin
A. cepa’da fizyolojik, sitogenetik ve
anatomik açıdan ciddi toksik etkilere neden olduğu, bu etkinin de doza bağımlı
olarak gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Allium cepa L., K2Cr2O7, kromozomal hasar, mikronükleus

Kaynakça

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