Determination of renal blood flow with Doppler ultrasound and the hypertension prevalence and acid-base level in dogs with chronic renal failure

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 6 - 12, 30.04.2019

Lora Koenhemsi Remzi Gönül

https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.529095

Öz

Chronic renal failure  (CRF) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. The aim of this study is to investigate the renal Doppler measurements, blood hypertension and acid-base levels in dogs with chronic renal failure. Twenty-six dogs previously diagnosed with chronic renal failure were compared with twenty healthy dogs. A complete blood cell, biochemical profile, urinalysis, blood gasses, blood pressure were analyzed and changes in renal blood flow were measured by renal Doppler ultrasonography. The dogs with CRF had significantly higher serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and phosphorus concentration, significantly lower packed cell volume, and urine specific gravity than control dogs. Positive correlation was determined between serum creatinine levels and renal Doppler indices. There were significant decreases in blood pH and bicarbonate. Indirect blood pressure measurements were slightly increased in CRF dogs. Renal Doppler measurement was observed as a helpful tool in diagnosing the CRF in dogs. Identification of acidosis and hypertension may help in developing treatments that slow the rate of progression of chronic renal failure.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chronic renal failure, dog, renal doppler, acidosis, hypertension

Kaynakça

• Acierno, M. J., & Labato, M. A. (2005). Hypertension in renal disease: Diagnosis and treatment. Clinical Techiniques in Small Animal Practice, 20(1), 23-30.
• Acierno, M. J., Brown, S., Coleman, A. E., Jepson, R. E., Papich, M., Stepien, R. L., & Syme, H. M. (2018). ACVIM consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine,32(6), 1803-1822.
• Baltazar, P. I., Moura, L. S., Pessoa, G. T., Rodrigues, R. P. S., Sanches, M. P., Diniz, A. N., Sousa, F. C. A., Guerra, P. C., Neves, W. C., Giglio, R. F., Alves, J. J. R. P., Souza, F. A. L., Braga, J. F. V., & Alves, F. R. (2016). Comparative B-mode and Doppler renal ultrasonography with histopathological findings in dogs positive for canine visceral leishmaniasis. Microscopy Research and Technique, 79(7), 637-645.
• Bartges, J. W. (2012). Chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 42(4), 669-92. Batemen, S. W. (2008). Making sense of blood gas results. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 38(3), 543-557.
• Bragato, N., Borges, N. C., & Fioravanti, M. C. S. (2017). B-mode and Doppler ultrasound of chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. Veterinary Research Communications, 41(4), 307-315. Brown, S., Atkins, C., Bagley, R., Carr, A., Cowgill, L., Davidson, M., Egner, B., Elliot, C., Henik, R., Labato, M., Littman, M., Polzin, D., Ross, L., Snyer, P. & Stepien, R. (2007). Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 21, 542-558.
• Choi, H., Won, S., Chung, W., Lee, K., Chang, D., Lee, H., Eom, K., Lee, Y., & Yoon, J. (2003). Effect of intravenous mannitol upon the resistive index in complete unilateral renal obstruction in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 17(2), 158-162.
• Drelich-Zbroja, A., Kuczynska, M., Swiatlowski, L., Szymanska, A., Elwertowski, M., & Marianowska, A. (2018). Recommendations for ultrasonographic assessment of renal arteries. Journal of Ultrasonography, 18(75), 338-343. Henik, R. A., Dolson, M. K., & Wenholz, L. J. (2005). How to obtain a blood pressure measurement. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice, 20 (3),144-150.
• Novellas, R., Ruiz de Gopegui, R., & Espada, Y. (2008). Increased renal vascular resistance in dogs with hepatic disease. The Veterinary Journal, 178(2), 255-260.
• Novellas, R., Espada, Y, & Ruiz De Gopegui, R. (2007). Doppler ultrasonographic estimation of renal and ocular resistive and pulsatility in normal dogs and cats. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 48(1), 69-73.
• Nyland, T. G., Mattoon, J. S., Herrgesell, E. J., & Wisner, E. R. (2002). Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound 2th ed. Philadelphia, US: W.B. Saunders.
• McGrotty, Y. (2008). Diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. In Practice, 30, 502-507.
• McMurphy, R. M., Stoll, M. R., & Mccubrey, R. (2006). Accuracy of an oscillometric blood pressure monitor during phenylephrine-induced hypertension in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 67(9), 1541-1545.
• Mitchell, S. K., Toal, R. L., Daniel, G. B., & Rohrbach, B. W. (1998). Evaluation of renal hemodynamics in awake and isoflurane-anesthetized cats with pulsed wave Doppler and quantitive renal scintigraphy. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 39(5),451-458.
• Morais, H. A., Bach, J. F., & DiBartola, S. P. (2008). Metobolic acid-base disorders in the clinical care unit. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 38(3), 559-574.
• Morrow, K. L., Salman, D. M., Lappin, M. R., & Wrigley, R. (1996). Comparison of the resistive index to clinical parameters in dogs with renal disease. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 37(3), 193-199.
• Peterson, L. J., Peterson, J. R., Talleruphuus, U., Ladefoged, S. D., Mehlsen, J. & Jensen, H. A. (1997) The pulsatility index and resistive index in renal arteries. Associations with long-term progression in chronic renal failure. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 12(7), 1376-1380.
• Polzin, D. J. (2011). Chronic kidney disease in small animals. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 41(1), 15-30.
• Rivers, B.J., Walter, P.A., Polzin, D.J., & King, V.L. (1997). Duplex Doppler estimation of intrarenal pourcelot resistive index in dogs and cats with renal disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 11(4), 250-260.
• Szatmarı, V., Sotonyı, P., & Vörös, K. (2001). Normal duplex Doppler waveforms of major abdominal blood vessels in dogs: A review. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 42(2), 93-107.
• Torroja, R. N. (2007). Vascular resistance determination with Doppler ultrasound in canine and feline disease. Phd Thesis Universidade Autônoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
• Uzlu, E., & Kalınbacak, A. (2005). Evaluation of seconder hypertension by oscillometric method in dogs with renal failure symptoms and treatment with angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Veterinary Journal of Ankara University, 52, 33-38.