The Pragmatic Transfer of Requestive Speech Acts By Arab and Turkish Efl Learners at the Preparatory School

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 107 - 121, 20.04.2018

Akbar Rahimi Alıshah Samira Shakir Hammoodı

Öz

The present study is an endeavor to reveal whether Arab and Turkish EFL learners transfer their first language requesting strategies into English language. For this purpose, a Discourse Completion Task (DCT), (MCQ), and an oral interview task were adopted to verify pragmatic transfer from Arabic into English and from Turkish into English, if there was any. Three groups were participated in this study, where the first two groups included Arab EFL learners living in Turkey and the third group included Turkish EFL learners. Three versions of written DCTs were used, an Arabic version, an English version, and a Turkish one. The Arabic version was distributed to the two groups of high and low proficiency Arab EFL students prior to distributing the English one and the Turkish version was distributed to the Turkish students prior to distributing the English one. Qualitative data gained from the Turkish and Arab EFL learners’ responses to the DCTs and the oral interview were graded, and the results were quantified to analyze them descriptively by using the Turkish and Arab EFL learners’ responses as a baseline.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Speech act, Pragmatic transfer, Interlanguage pragmatics, Pragmatic failure, Cross cultural pragmatics

Kaynakça

• Abdul Sattar, H., Lah, S. & Suleiman, R., (2009). Iraqi Postgraduates’ Production of Request : A Pilot Study. The International Journal of Language Society and Culture.Malaysia University. Afghari, A. (2007). A socio-pragmatic study of apology speech act realization patterns in Persian. Speech Communication, 49(3), 177185. AL- Gahtani, S. & Roever, G., (2014). Insert and Post – Expansion in L2 Arabic Request. Elsevier.King Saud University. Ali, S. & Pandian, A., (2016).Inappropriateness in Iraqi EFL Learners ‘E-mail RequestTo Professor. IRA-International Journal of Education &Multidisciplinary Studies. Institute of Research Advances. Allami, H. & Rafiei, M., (2016). A Sociopragmatic Analysis of Requestive Politeness Strategies in Persian Service Encounters: A Rapport Management Account International Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics. Al-Momani, H., (2009). Caught Between Two Cultures: The Realization of Requests By Jordanian EFL Learners .Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Babaie, S. & Shahrokhi,M. ,(2015).A Cross-Cultural Study of OfferingA dvice Speech Acts by Iranian EFL Learners and English Native Speakers: Pragmatic Transfer in Focus. English Language Teaching; Vol. 8, No.6. Published by Canadian Center of Scienceand Education. Iran. Blum-Kulka, S., & Olshtain, E. (1984). Requests and apologies: A cross- cultural study of speech act realization patterns (CCSARP). Applied Linguistics, 5 (3), 196-212. Domakani, M., Hashemian, M. & Mansoori, S., (2013).Pragmatic Awareness of the Request Speech Act in English as an Additional Language: Monolinguals or Bilinguals?110 /RALS, 4 (1). Hashemian, M., (2008).A Pragmatic Study of Requestive Speech Act by Iranian EFL Learners and Canadian Native Speakers in Hotels. The Journal of Teaching LanguageSkills (JTLS)/ 6(2) ser 75/4. Shahrekord University. Kahraman, B., & Akkus, D. (2007). The use of request expressions by Turkish Learners of Japanese .Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 3(1), 122-138. Kaneko,T.,(2004).Request production by Japanese EFL learners : An SST Corpus – Based study. Available at: http://nels.nii.ac.jp/ els/110004688559.pdf;jsessionid = DD1E8C294AA71. Küntay, A., Bahtiyar ,S., Sungur, H. & Özdamar, O. Requestive Speech Leads to Referential Clarity in Turkish Preschool Children. Koç University. Perspective. New York and London. Rafiei, m. & Allami, H., (2016).A Socio pragmatic Analysis of Requestive Politeness Strategies in Persian Service Encounters: A Rapport Management Account. International Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics.2(2):61-79 ISSN: 2383- 0514. Yazd University, Iran. Rajabia, S., Azizifara, A. & Gowharya, H., (2015). Turkey The effect of explicit instruction on pragmatic competence development; teaching requests to EFL learners ofE .Global: An International Conference on Teaching and Learning English as an Additional Language, Antalya – Turkey. Rose, K., R., (1992).Speech acts and questionnaires: The effect of hearer response. Journal of Pragmatics 17.1:49-62. Ruzickova,E.(2007). Strong and mild requestive hints and positive face redness in Cuban. Spanish. Journal of Pragmatics, 39, 1170-1202. Sadeghi, b. & Ganji,S.,(2015). The Investigation of Patterns of Iranian EFL learners’ Request Speech Act in Three Different Levels. Science Journal (CSJ), Vol. 36, No: 3. Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Science. Sanal, M., (2016).Conceptual Socialization in EFL Contexts: A Case Study On Turkish EFL Learners ‘Request Speech Act Realization. Bilkent University. Yazdanfar, S & Bonyadi, A., (2016). Request Strategies in Everyday Interactions of Persian and English Speakers. Sage Open10.1177/2. Iran. Canadian Center of Science and Education.