POLONYA YEREL YÖNETİMLERİNİN 1989 İLE 2004 ARASINDAKİ DÖNÜŞÜMÜ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 1 - 9, 30.04.2019

Mert Gevrek

https://doi.org/10.25272/j.2149-8539.2019.5.1.01

Öz

Bu çalışma 1989 ile 2004 yılları arasında Polonya’daki
yerel yönetim reformlarına odaklanmaktadır. Polonya’da komünist sistemin
çöküşüyle beraber, yerel yönetimlerin yeniden inşası, ülkedeki 1989 siyasi
dönüşümünün en önemli direklerinden biri olmuştur. Bu reformlar yerel
toplulukları ciddi düzeyde güçlendirmiş ve yerel öz-yönetim sistemi
yaratmıştır. Söz konusu reformlar Polonya’yı, diğer Orta ve Doğu Avrupa’daki
eski komünist ülkelerden açıkça ayırmıştır. Polonya yerel idarelerinde bir dizi
yerelleşme politikaları kabul edilmiştir. İkinci dalga reformlar sırasıyla 1998
ve 1999 yıllarında bu yerelleşme trendini takip etmiştir. 2004 yılındaki Avrupa
Birliği üyeliği, Polonya’nın yerel yönetim sisteminde yeni reformlara yol
açmıştır. Bu çalışmada yerelleşme süreci ve bölgesel politikalardaki başlıca
aktörler analiz edilmiştir. Ülke içerisindeki bu reformların neticesinde
Polonya, Orta ve Doğu Avrupa’nın en fazla yerelleşmiş ülkesi olarak
bilinmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yerel Yönetim, Öz-yönetim, Yerelleşme, Polonya’nın Dönüşümü

TRANSITION OF POLAND’S LOCAL GOVERNMENT BETWEEN 1989 AND 2004

Öz

The study
focuses on the reforms of the Polish local governments between 1989 and
2004.After the collapse of the communist system in Poland, the reconstruction
of local government became the one of most important pillars of the 1989
political transformation within the country. These reforms significantly
empowered local communities and created the system of local self-government.
These reforms clearly distinguished Poland from other post- communist countries
in Central and Eastern Europe. A number of decentralization policies are
accepted in the Polish local governments. Second wave of reforms pursued this
decentralization trend in 1998 and 1999 respectively. With the membership to
European Union on 2004 caused new reforms in the local government system of
Poland. In this study, the process of decentralization and main actors in
regional policies are analyzed. Poland is known as most decentralized country
in Central and Eastern Europe through these reforms within the country.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Local Government, Self-Government, Decentralization, Poland’s Transformation

Kaynakça

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