ULUSLARARASI POLİTİKADA SELF-DETERMİNASYON NE ANLAMA GELİYOR? REPUBLİKA SRPSKA VE KOSOVA VAKALARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 8, 117 - 131, 30.06.2019

Burak Yalım

Öz

Birinci Dünya savaşından sonra Wilson Prensiplerinin
açıklanmasından itibaren Uluslararası Politikanın tartışmalı konularından
birisi  Self-Determinasyon olmuştur.
Özellikle Berlin Duvarı’nın çökmesiyle Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesi, Sovyetlerin
dağılması, Yugoslavya’nın parçalanması ve etnik grup ve milletlerin bağımsızlık
ilan ederek kendi bağımsız devletlerini kurmaları self-determinasyon kavramının
önem kazanmasına sebep oldu. Self-Determinasyonun bağımsızlık arayışı
içerisinde olan gruplar açısından öneminin dışında, bu kavram uluslararası
politikada kendi stratejilerini oluşturan ve sürdüren küresel aktörlerin
kullanımına açık bir araç haline gelmiştir.

Bu çalışmanın konusu ABD, Rusya, Avrupa Birliği gibi
küresel ve bölgesel aktörlerin self-determinasyon hususunda net bir duruşa
sahip olmadıkları ve self-determinasyonu değişik şekillerde yorumlayarak kendi
çıkarlarını korudukları veya bu kavramı birbirlerine karşı koz olarak
kullandıklarıdır. Konu yeterince geniş ve ciddi manada uluslararası hukuk
bilgisi gerektirdiği için bu makalede iki spesifik olayın incelemesini
yapılacaktır; Kosova’nın bağımsızlığı ve Republika Srpska’nın Bosna Hersek’ten
ayrılma iddiaları incelenecektir. İlk bakışta bu iki konu karşılaştırılamaz
görülebilir ancak her durum da Yugoslavya’nın dağılması ile ortaya çıkmış ve
birisi bağımsızlık ile sonuçlanırken diğeri devlet içerisinde alt-devlet olarak
oluşturmuştur. Giriş kısmında self-determinasyonun tanımını ve uluslararası
hukuktaki uygulama alanına odaklanılarak her iki vaka için bir anlaşılırlık
zemini oluşturacaktır. Devamında ise ABD, Rusya, Avrupa Birliği gibi her iki
vakayla da yakından ilgilenen farklı bölgesel ve küresel aktörlerin bu iki
vakaya yönelik uluslararası hukuku yorumlama şekillerini ve böylelikle kendi
çıkarlarını koruma çabaları incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Republika Srpska, Self-Determinasyon, Uluslararası Politika, Uluslararası Hukuk, kosova, Republika Srpska, AB, Rusya

Destekleyen Kurum

Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Derneği - TUİÇ

WHAT SELF-DETERMINATION MEANS FOR INTERNATIONAL POLITICS? COMPARISON OF REPUBLIKA SRPSKA AND KOSOVO CASES

Öz

Self-determination has been one of the controversial topics in the field of international politics since it emerged after the 1st World War with the declaration of the Wilson Principles.  Especially when the cold war era finished with the fall of Berlin Wall, Soviet Union collapsed and Yugoslavia broke up; self-determination has been taken an important place for the ethnic groups and nations to declare independence and build up their own independent states. Beside the importance of self-determination for the groups which are seeking a tool for independence, it might also become a tool for global actors to maintain their strategies and use it as a card in the international political game against each other.

Subject of study is that the global actors such as USA, Russia and the EU are not having clear standpoint on the right of self-determination and the positions of international or global actors differs according to cases which provides chance to use the self-determination issue against each other in order to maintain their interests. Since the topic is large and needed to have a great deal knowledge of the international law discipline to examine, it has decided to make it more specific by analyzing two cases; independence of Kosovo and the secession claims of BİH’s Republika Srpska. Prima facie, these issues can be perceived as incomparable but both of them emerged after the breakup of Yugoslavia one of which lasts with independence and the other one become a sub-state within the state. As introduction I will try to concentrate on the definition of the self-determination and its implementation in the international law to provide a basis for brief analysis of two cases. Afterwards I will try to examine stands of the different global powers or international actors; namely the US, Russia and the EU towards both cases and their interpretations of the international law according to maintain self-interests.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Self-Determination, İnternational Politics, İnternational Law, Kosovo, Republika Srpska, EU, Russia

Kaynakça

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