ARTIRILMIŞ GERÇEKLİK VE SANAL GERÇEKLİK TEKNOLOJİSİNİN TURİZM SEKTÖRÜNDE KULLANILABİLİRLİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR TARAMASI

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 26, 09.05.2019

Bilgehan Demirezen

Öz

Günümüzde teknoloji çok hızlı bir şekilde değişmekte ve gelişmektedir. Akıllı telefonlar, tabletler, bilgisayarlar, çok boyutlu görsel-işitsel cihazlar, vb. yeni aletler ve uygulamalar geliştirilmiştir. Bu cihazlar internet ile birleşerek daha da gelişmiş ve gerçek gibi görünen sanal ortamların oluşmasına imkan vermiştir. Böylece, artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi geliştirilmiştir. Bu teknoloji eğitim, tıp, eğlence, yiyecek-içecek, pazarlama, askeri, mimari, müze vb. alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. Bu teknoloji turizme yansımış ve turizmi etkilemiştir. Artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik teknolojisinin turizmde kullanımı oldukça önemlidir. Turizmin bu yeniliği benimsemesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik teknolojisinin turizme sağladığı faydaları ve turizmde kullanımının önemini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Ayrıca, bu konu ile ilgili literatüre katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada literatür tarama tekniği kapsamında ikincil verilerle değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik teknolojisinin turizm sektörüne on yedi önemli fayda sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik teknolojisinin turizmde kullanımına yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Turizm, Artırılmış Gerçeklik, Sanal Gerçeklik, Teknoloji.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turizm, Artırılmış Gerçeklik, Sanal Gerçeklik, Teknoloji

A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE AVAILABILITY OF AUGMENTED REALITY AND VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGY IN THE TOURISM SECTOR

Öz

Nowadays, technology is rapidly changing and evolving. Smartphones, tablets, computers, multi-dimensional audiovisual devices, etc. new tools and applications have been developed. These devices combined with the internet are further developed and allowed the creation of virtual environments that look like real. Thus, augmented reality and virtual reality technology has been developed. This technology is used in education, medicine, entertainment, food & beverage, marketing, military, architecture, museum etc. areas. This technology has reflected on tourism and has influenced tourism. The use of augmented reality and virtual reality technology in tourism is very important. Tourism has to adopt this innovation. The aims of this study are to reveal the benefits of augmented reality and virtual reality technology to tourism and to reveal the importance of its use in tourism. It is also aimed to contribute to the literature related to this subject. In this study, secondary data were evaluated within the scope of literature review technique. As a result, it was found that augmented reality and virtual reality technology provided seventeen significant benefits to the tourism sector. In addition, recommendations were made for the use of augmented reality and virtual reality technology in tourism.

Keywords: Tourism, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Technology.

Kaynakça

• Ahlers, K. H., Kramer, A., Breen, D. E., Chevalier, P. Y., Crampton, C., Rose, E., Tuceryan, M., Whitaker, R. T. and Greer, D. (1995). Distributed Augmented Reality for Collaborative Design Applications, European Computer-Industry Research Centre GmbH, Proceedings of Computer Graphics International, Maastricht, Munich, 1-21.
• Akkuş, G. ve Akkuş Ç. (2018). Tarihi Turistik Alanlarda Kullanılan Mobil Artırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi, Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6/1, 83-104.
• Akram, W. and Kumar, R. (2017). A Study on Role and Applications of Augmented Reality in Tourism: Its Challanges and Future Prospects, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 8 (8), 168-172.
• Anadolu Ajansı (2018). Mardin turizminde “artırılmış gerçeklik” dönemi, [URL: https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/seyahat/mardin-turizminde-artirilmis-gerceklik-donemi,84tvihjJ90SlWQVga0D8TA/Ddmf_cOIAEOt5-5PUkD8Tw, (Erişim Tarihi: 3 Şubat 2019).
• Arat, T. ve Baltacıoğlu, S. (2016). Sanal Gerçeklik ve Turizm, Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, Cilt:19, Sayı:1, 103-118.
• Aydoğdu, D. (2013). Usage of Augmented Reality Technologies A Case Study: Augmented Reality in Museums, Master Thesis, Yasar University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science.
• Azuma, R. (1993). Tracking Requirements for Augmented Reality, Communications of the ACM, 36 (7), 50-51.
• Azuma, R. (1997). A Survey of Augmented Reality, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environment, 6, 4, 355–385.
• Azuma, R., Baillot, Y., Behringer, R., Feiner, S., Julier, S. and MacIntyre, B. (2001). Recent advances in Augmented Reality, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, 21 (6), 34–47.
• Bajura, M. and Neumann, U. (1995). Dynamic Registration Correction in Augmented Reality Systems, Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1995, March 11-15, 1995 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 189-196.
• Baker, E. J., Bakar, J. A. A. and Zulkifli, A. N. (2017). Elements of Museum Mobile Augmented Reality for Engaging Hearing Impaired Visitors, The 2nd International Conference on Applied Science and Technology 2017 (ICAST’17), 1-7.
• Bates, J. (1991). Virtual Reality, Art, and Entertainment, The Journal of Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1-9.
• Bec, A., Moyle, B., Timms, K., Schaffer, V., Skavronskaya, L. and Little, C. (2019). Management of immersive heritage tourism experiencs: A conceptual model, Tourism Managemen,t 72, 117–120.
• Berryman, D. R. (2012). Augmented Reality: A Review, Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 31: 2, 212-218.
• Bilici, F. (2015). Pazarlamada Artırılmış Gerçeklik ve Karekod Teknolojileri: Tüketicilerin Artırılmış Gerçeklik Teknoloji Algılamaları Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Billinghurst, M. (2002). Augmented Reality in Education, New Horizons for Learning, Seattle, USA, 1-5.
• Billock, J. (2017). Five Augmented Reality Experiences That Bring Museum Exhibits to Life, [URL: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/expanding-exhibits-augmented-reality-180963810/, (Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ocak 2019).
• Bimber, O and Raskar, R. (2005). Spatial Augmented Reality, A K Peters/CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, New York.
• Brey, P. (1999). The ethics of representation and action in virtual reality, In: Ethics and Information Technology, 1, 5-14.
• Cankül, D., Doğan, A. ve Sönmez, B. (2018). Yiyecek-İçecek İşletmelerinde İnovasyon Ve Artırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulamaları, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi Journal of Business Research-Turk, 10/3, 576-­‐591.
• Caudell, T. P. (1994). Introduction to augmented and virtual reality, Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies, Vol. 2351, 272-281.
• Caudell, T. P. and Mizell, D. W. (1992). Augmented Reality: An Application of Heads-Up Display Technology to Manual Manufacturing Processes, In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science, Kauai, Hawaii, 7th-10th Jan. 1992, Vol. 2, .659-669.
• Chiao, H. M., Chen, Y. L. and Huang, W. H. (2018). Examining the usability of an online virtual tour-guiding platform for cultural tourism education, Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 23, 29–38.
• Craig, A. B., Sherman, W. R. and Will, J. D. (2009). Developing Virtual Reality Applications Foundations of Effective Design, Multiple: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
• Cranmer, E. E. (2017). Developing an augmented reality business model for cultural heritage tourism: the case of Geevor Museum, (Dissertation) Doctoral thesis (PhD), Department of Operations, Technology, Events and Hospitality Management The Manchester Metropolitan University.
• Ding, Q. (2017). An Interactive Virtual Manual in Augmented Reality, Master Thesis, Computer Science in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
• Durmaz, C., Bulut, Y. ve Tankuş, E. (2018). Sanal Gerçekliğin Turizme Entegrasyonu: Samsun’daki 5 Yıldızlı Otellerde Uygulama, Turkish Journal of Marketing (TJM), 3 (1), 32-49.
• Ekici, R. ve Güven, A. (2017). Sanal Gerçeklik Teknolojisinin Turizm Endüstrisindeki Rolü, Avrasya Bilimler Akademisi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Özel Sayı, 403-418.
• Elinich, K. J. (2011). Augmented Hands-on: An Evaluation of the Impact of Augmented Reality Technology on Informal Science Learning Behavior, Dissertation Thesis (Ph.D), Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology.
• Feiner, S. (2002). Augmented reality: a new way of seeing, Scientific American, 286 (4), 48-55.
• Feiner, S., MacIntyre, B., Höllerer, T., and Webster, A. (1997) A Touring Machine: Prototyping 3D Mobile Augmented Reality Systems for Exploring the Urban Environment, Personal Technologies, 1 (4), 208-217.
• Feng, D., Meng, D., Zhang, Y. and Weng, D. (2013). Time Machine: A Mobile Augmented Reality System for Tourisum Based on Coded-Aperture Camera, 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing and 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on Autonomic & Trusted Computing, 502-506.
• Finkelstein N., Perkins, K. and Adams W. (2005). Can Computer Simulations Replace Real Equipment in Undergraduate Laboratories?, Department of Physics University of Colorado, Boulder.
• Fritz, F., Susperregui, A. and Linaza M. T. (2005). Enhancing Cultural Tourism experiences with Augmented Reality Technologies, The 6th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage VAST (2005), 1-6.
• Ghazisaedy, M., Adamczyk, D., Sandin D. J., Kenyon R. V. and DeFanti T. A. (1995). Ultrasonic Calibration of a Magnetic Tracker in a Virtual Reality Space, Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1995, March 11-15, 1995 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 179-188.
• Gomez, D., Burdea, G. and Langrana, N. (1995). Integration of the Rutgers Master II in a Virtual Reality Simulation, Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1995, March 11-15, 1995 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 198-202.
• Green, M. (1990). Virtual Reality User Interface: Tools and Techniques, CG International, 51-68.
• Guttentag, D. A. (2010). Virtual reality: Applications and implications for tourism, Tourism Management, 31, 637-651.
• Güdekli, N. (2017). Artırılmış Gerçeklik Teknolojisi İle Havacılık Ürünlerinin Uygulamaya Geçirilme Kalitesinin Yükseltilmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Han, D. (2016). The Development of a Qualıty Function Deployment (QFD) Model for the Implementation of A Mobıle Augmented Realıty (AR) Tourism Applıcatıon in the Context of Urban Herıtage Tourism, Dissertation Thesis (Ph.D), Department of Food and Tourism Management The Manchester Metropolitan University.
• Han, D., Jung, T., and Gibson, A. (2014). Dublin AR: Implementing Augmented Reality (AR) in Tourism, In Xiang, Z. and Tussyadiah, I. (eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, Springer International Publishing, Wien, New York, pp. 511-523.
• He, Z., Wu, L. and Li, X. (2018). When art meets tech: The role of augmented reality in enhancing museum experiences and purchase intentions, Tourism Management, 68, 127-139.
• Hjalager, A. M. (2015). 100 Innovations That Transformed Tourism, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 54 (1), 3–21.
• Hoffman, H. G., Hullfish, K. C. and Houston, S. J. (1995). Virtual-Reality Monitoring, Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1995, March 11-15, 1995 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 48-54.
• Höllerer, T. H. and Feiner, S. K. (2004). Mobile Augmented Reality, Telegeoinformatics: Location-Based Computing and Services, Editors. H. Karimi and A. Hammad. Taylor & Francis Books Ltd.
• Huaman, K. (2018). The History of Virtual Reality: An Escape to Different Worlds, [URL: https://www.colocationamerica.com/blog/history-of-virtual-reality, (Erişim Tarihi: 27 Ocak 2019).
• Hugues, O., Fuchs, P. and Nannipieri, O. (2011). New Augmented Reality Taxonomy: Technologies and Features of Augmented Environment, Furht, Borko, Handbook of Augmented Reality, Springer, pp.850, 2011, 978-1-4614-0063-9.
• İlhan, İ. and Çeltek, E. (2016). Mobile Marketing: Usage of Augmented Reality in Tourism, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 15 (2), 581-599.
• Janssen, R. (2011). Augmented Reality-The Ethical Importance of a Shared Context, Master Thesis, Thesis Master Applied Ethics.
• Jenny, S. (2017). Enhancing tourism with augmented and virtual reality, Bachelor’s Thesis, Degree Programme in Business Information Technology Häme University of Applied Sciences.
• Johnston, R. S. (2014). History in Your Hand: A Case Study of Digital History and Augmented Reality Using Mound 72, Master Thesis, Graduate School Southern Illinois University Edwardsville.
• Jung, T. H., Lee, H., Chung, N. and tom Dieck, M. C. (2017). Cross-cultural differences in adopting mobile augmented reality at cultural heritage tourism sites, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Managemen, 1-30.
• Jung, T., Chung, N. and Leue, M. C. (2015). The determinants of recommendations to use augmented reality technologies: The case of a Korean theme park, Tourism Management, 49, 75-86.
• Jung, T., tom Dieck, M. C., Lee, H. and Chung, N. (2016). Effects of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality on Visitor Experiences in Museum, In Inversini, A. and Schegg, R. (eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, Springer International Publishing, Wien, New York, 621-635.
• Kečkeš, A. L. and Tomičić, I. (2017). Augmented Reality in Tourism Research and Applications Overview, Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 15 (2), 157-167.
• Kounavis, C. D., Kasimati, A. E. and Zamani, E. D. (2012). Enhancing the Tourism Experience through Mobile Augmented Reality: Challenges and Prospects, International Journal of Engineering Business Management, (4): 10, 1-6.
• Köse, N. (2017). Dijital Pazarlamadan Fijital Pazarlamaya Geçişe Örnek Olarak Artırılmış Gerçeklik ve Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulamalarının Pazarlama Üzerindeki Katkılarının İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Kysela, J. and Štorková, P. (2015). Using augmented reality as a medium for teaching history and tourism, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 926 – 931.
• Linaza, M. T., Marimón, D., Carrasco, P., Álvarez, R., Montesa, J., Augilar, S. R. and Diez, G. (2012). Evaluation of Mobile Augmented Reality Applications for Tourism Destinations, Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2012, Proceedings of the International Conference in Helsingborg, Sweden, January 25-27, 2012, 260-271.
• Madsen, J. B. (2016). Aspects of User Experience in Augmented Reality, Dissertation Thesis (Ph.D), Aalborg Universitetsforlag. Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University.
• Manuri, F. and Sanna, A. (2016). Survey on Applications of Augmented Reality, ACSIJ Advances in Computer Science: an International Journal, Vol. 5, Issue 1, No.19, 18-27.
• Marimon, D., Sarasua, C., Carrasco, P., Alvarez, R., Montesa, J., Adamek, T., Romero, I., Ortega, M., and Gascó, P. (2010). MobiAR : Tourist Experiences through Mobile Augmented Reality, 1-7.
• Martins, J., Gonçalves, R., Branco, F., Barbosa, R., Melo, M. and Bessa, M. (2017). A multisensory virtual experience model for thematic tourism: A Port wine tourism application proposal, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1-7.
• Merel, T. (2016). Augmented/Virtual Reality revenue forecast revised to hit $120 billion by 2020, Retrieved from http://www.digi-capital.com/news/2016/01/augmentedvirtual.
• Milgram, P. and Kishino, F. A. (1994). Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays, IECE Trans. on Information and Systems, (Special Issue on Networked Reality), vol. E77-D, no. 12, 1321-1329.
• Milgram, P., Takemura, H., Utsumi, A. and Kishino, F. (1994). Augmented Reality: A class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum, Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies, Vol. 2351, 282-292.
• Mutwiri, I. M. (1989). Research paper on Augmented Reality, South Eastern Kenya University, unpublished M. Young, The Technical Writer's Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science, 1-20.
• Nelson, T. (2016). Impact of Virtual and Augmented Reality on Theme Parks, Master Thesis, Master of Digital Media, Ryerson University.
• Özel, C. ve Uluyol, Ç. (2016). Bir Arttırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulamasının Geliştirilmesi ve Öğrenci Görüşleri, Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 793-823.
• Özgan, S. Y. (2012). Use of Augmented Reality Technologies in Cultural Heritage Sites; Virtu(re)al Yenikapı, Master Thesis (M.Sc.), Department of Informatics Architectural Design Computing Programme, Istanbul Technical University Graduate School of Science Engineering and Technology.
• Özgüneş, R. E. ve Bozok, D. (2017). Turizm Sektörünün Sanal Rakibi(Mi?): Arttırılmış Gerçeklik, Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt:2 No:2, 146-160.
• Pathomaree, N. and Charoenseang, S. (2005). Augmented Reality for Skill Transfer in Assembly Task, 2005 IEEE International Workshop on Robots and Human Interactive Communication, 500-504.
• Pence, H. E. (2011). Smartphones, Smart Objects, and Augmented Reality, The Reference Librarian, 52 (1-2), 136-145.
• Pettine, R. L. (2017). Evolution of the Museum Experience: Mobile Augmented Reality’s Impact on the Visitor Experience at an Outdoor Living Museum, Master Thesis, Rochester Institute of Technology.
• Piemental, K. and Teixeira, K. (1995). Virtual Reality: Through the New Looking Glass, New York: Intel/McGraw-Hill Press.
• Polat, M. (2017). Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Yaklaşımı İle Tasarlanan Turistik Amaçlı Artırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulaması: Safranbolu Örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karabük Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Poupyrev, I., Tan, D. S., Billinghurst, M., Kato, H., Regenbrecht, H. and Tetsutani, N. (2002). Developing a generic augmented-reality interface, Computer, 35 (3), 44-50.
• Punako, R. (2018). Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning using Augmented and Virtual Reality in Museum Education, Dissertation Thesis (Ph.D), College of Engineering and Computing Nova Southeastern University.
• Quiroz, J. (2018). The 5 best museum AR/VR experiences this summer, [URL: https://www.gearbrain.com/virtual-reality-museum-art-summer-2577767924.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ocak 2019).
• Sheridan, T. B. (2016). Recollections on Presence Beginnings, and Some Challenges for Augmented and Virtual Reality, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 25, no. 1, 75–77.
• Sherman, W. R. and Craig A. B. (2003). Understanding Virtual Reality, Elsevier Science, USA.
• Singh, G., Serra, L., Png, W., Wong, A. and Ng, H. (1995). BrickNet: Sharing Object Behaviors on the Net, Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1995, March 11-15, 1995 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 19-25.
• Stanney, K. (1995). Realizing the Full Potential of Virtual Reality: Human Factors Issues That Could Stand in the Way, Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1995, March 11-15, 1995 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 28-34.
• Střelák, D. (2016). Augmented Reality Tourist Guide, Master Thesis, Masarykova Univerzita Fakulta Informatiky.
• The Franklin Institute (2019). History of Virtual Reality, [URL: https://www.fi.edu/virtual-reality/history-of-virtual-reality, (Erişim Tarihi: 27 Ocak 2019).
• tom Dieck, M. C. and Jung, T. (2015). A Theoretical Model of Mobile Augmented Reality Acceptance in Urban Heritage Tourism, Current Issues in Tourism. (ISSN: 1747- 7603, Impact Factor: 0.918) DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2015.1070801.
• Tosun, E. (2016). Yerel Tabanlı Gerçekliği Artırılmış Oyun Tasarımının Türkçeyi Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğrenenlere Etkisinin İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Tunalı, Ü. (2015). Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Eğitiminde Artırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulaması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Tussyadiah, L. P., Wang, D., Jung, T. H. and tom Dieck, M. C. (2018). Virtual reality, presence, and attitude change: Empirical evidence from tourism, Tourism Management, 66, 140-154.
• Vaughan Nichols, S. J. (2009). Augmented reality: No longer a novelty?, Computer, 42 (12), 19-22.
• Wang, Q., Green, M. and Shaw, C. (1995). EM - An Environment Manager For Building Networked Virtual Environments, Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1995, March 11-15, 1995 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 11-18.
• Weber, J. (2016). Designing Engaging Experiences With Location-Based Augmented Reality Games for Urban Tourism Environments, Dissertation Thesis (Ph.D), Bournemouth University.
• Wedyan, F., Aloqily, I., Freihat, R. and Wedyan, S. (2016). JoGuide: A Mobile Augmented Reality Application for Locating and Describing Surrounding Sites, ACHI 2016: The Ninth International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions, 88-94.
• Whitelock, D., Brna, P. and Holland, S. (1996). What is the Value of Virtual Reality for Conceptual Learning? Towards a Theoretical Framework, Proceedings of EuroAIED, Lisbon, 1-10.
• Wojciechowski, R., Walczak, K., White, M., and Cellary, W. (2004). Building Virtual and Augmented Reality museum exhibitions, Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on 3D Web Technology-Web3D, 135-144.
• Woody, R. C. (2018). The Future of Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR & VR) in Museums, [URL: https://blog.lucidea.com/the-future-of-augmented-and-virtual-reality-in-museums, (Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ocak 2019).
• www.museumnext.com (2019). Augmented Reality in the Museum, [URL: https://www.museumnext.com/insight/augmented-reality-in-the-museum/, (Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ocak 2019).
• www.versoteq.com (2019). How Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality Transform Museums, [URL: https://versoteq.com/blog/how-virtual-reality-augmented-reality-transform-museums, (Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ocak 2019).
• Yagol, P. (2018). Improving the user knowledge and user experience by using Augmented Reality in a Smart City context, Master Thesis, Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.
• Yoshida, A., Rolland, J. P. and Reif, J. H. (1995). Design and Applications of a High Resolution Insert Head-Mounted-Display, Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1995, March 11-15, 1995 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 84-93.
• Yovcheva, Z. (2015). User-Centred Design of Smartphone Augmented Reality in Urban Tourism Context, Dissertation Thesis (Ph.D), Bournemouth University.
• Yovcheva, Z. and Buhalis, D. (2013). Augmented Reality in Tourism: 10 unique applications explained, Digital Tourism Think Tank, 1-12.
• Yovcheva, Z., Buhalis, D. and Gatzidis, C. (2012). Overview of Smartphone Augmented Reality Applications for Tourism, e-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR), Vol. 10, No. 2, 63-66.
• Yung, R. and Lattimore, C. K. (2017). New realities: a systematic literature review on virtual reality and augmented reality in tourism research, Current Issues in Tourism, 1-27.
• Yüksel, D. (2017). Pazarlamada Artırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulamalarının İşlevi Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.